In Zemax, is there an analysis option that gives me what the NA of the system is? How do I know/calculate the NA for my system in Zemax?
Hello.
Formula - wavelength = (Aperture Size*Sinø) / n
My aperture size is 0.06mm... Theta(angle) = 0.6 and I believe N = refractive index = 1
Therefore 0.06*Sin(0.6) / 1
I am meant to get ~ 600 but I get 6x10-4.
I’m not sure what I’m putting in wrong so need help thanks
Imagine you have a square fiber. No big deal, NA = sqrt(ncore^2 -ncladding^2). But thats if your fiber has an input and output that are parallel.
Now imagine the input face is slanted with an angle theta. How does the NA change as a function of theta?
Background: The focal ratio or 'f-number' of a simple optical system (say, a telescope) is given by the ratio of its focal length to the diameter of the aperture (which in the case of a telescope is the lens or primary mirror). 'Fast' optics typically have a focal ratio of f/5 or less, and the term 'fast' comes from the ability to use a short shutter time during photography.
Questions: Why is it that two optical systems with the same diameter aperture will allow you to collect more light per unit time? It seems to me the focal ratio is a measure of how narrow or shallow the rays converge toward the focal point (related to the optic's numerical aperture). I would expect the amount of light collected in a given time to depend only on the diameter of the optic and not on how shallow the rays converge.
I'll be the first to say that f# and numerical aperture (NA) have always confused me because they seem to describe the same thing - how sharply a lens focuses light. Any clarification between these two quantities would be appreciated.
please no ELI15 answers, go into as much detail as you like :)
Have you folks ever had to explain NA and resolution limits to non-science oriented people? I seem to find myself in situations where I have to explain over and over why it is really impractical to measure something that is 4 microns with a 500x lens with a NA of .5. Anyone have thoughts?
Hi, I have a few thoughts on intel and would like some discussion around it. I think it's a great long term value investment right now and would input.
Finances
-
Market Cap: ~220b
-
P/E: ~12
-
80b revenue
-
2.58% dividend
-
P/E much lower than industry average, and much better than competitors (Intel @12, AMD @36)
Bear case arguments:
Failure to deliver
The biggest argument I hear against Intel, is that they have failed to deliver, again and again. That it's a value trap and is a slowly sinking ship. AMD is rapidly stealing market share.
Shrinking market share
Their % market share has barely declined, yet the market is pricing them as if they had been decimated.
Using TSMC is giving up on its own fabs
IMO, this is bullish for Intel long term and is great for transitioning to their new fabs (under construction).
https://www.techradar.com/news/intel-locks-down-all-remaining-tsmc-3nm-production-capacity-boxing-out-amd-and-apple
ARM competition, as described by NodeDotSwift's comment: https://old.reddit.com/r/ValueInvesting/comments/q02p4v/intel/hf5nfpq/
Please let me know others, which I will investigate.
Bull case arguments:
Good products, high demand, too big to fail
-
There is a global shortage for semiconductors at the moment. Demand is constantly increasing as basically all new devices utilize semiconductors in one way or another. As long as intel can keep building chips, there will be buyers.
-
Intel is 'too big to fail' in the USA. The US military and government rely on their chips. They need US factories and companies to build these chips. They are not going to design their military chips in Taiwan, especially with the increased global tensions. The US military alone will continue to prop up intel if things go south.
-
Intel still controls ~77.5% of the x86 market share. https://www.extremetech.com/computing/325848-amd-x86-cpu-market-share-soars-hits-14-year-high
Growth & management
The biggest argument I hear against intel, is that they have been unable to deliver, again and again. That it's a value trap. I argue that it was mainly an issue with management, of which they have a completely changed. It will be a non-issue moving forward.
- Their next gen cpu's (alder lake) leaks suggest that they outperform amd 5950x in both single & multithreaded benchmarks. We will kn
I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.
Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.
So I made the mistake of commenting here a week or so ago. I thought I was speaking in solidarity with the subject of the story, maybe help a few of my fellow dorks not feel quite so much like we normally do. Well, a couple people wanted me to flesh out my thoughts (it wasn’t a couple, it was just 2), so I figured I would give them a reason to regret that decision. Regrettable decisions is something I happen to have some practice at, so I’ll share the love.
Lets start off by getting on my level. I’d like you to go grab your 3 pack of bud heavy tallboys (exceptions WILL be made if you have personal reasons not to) and a can of Copenhagen long cut. Not snuff, because folgers is cheaper. Definitely not skoal, because our mothers taught us right from wrong. I’ll probably be talking with some slang and idioms because I grew up in a rural area and I listen to twangy music, so speak up if you don’t understand me. Speaking of which, I almost forgot to tell you to put on some Cross Canadian Ragweed, lets pull out Back To Tulsa: Live and Loud at Cain’s Ballroom, hit play on Brooklyn Kid and then just put it on shuffle.
Lets second off with a quick glossary, dictionary, reference fucking thing of some variety, for the military terms. Because I’m sure some of you did something useful with your lives and won’t understand this shit.
Boot: Noun, or possibly adverbjective. A somewhere south of polite way to let someone know that your parents got to fucking before theirs did, and that consequently you have more time in service than they do. If you need to further emphasize their youth and ineptitude, you can substitute with “shower shoe”.
MCT: Marine Combat Training. It’s a small series of camping trips designed to make nerds feel tough after they graduate boot camp.
SOI: School Of Infantry. Like MCT, except for people that shoot guns for a living instead of a hobby. Combat Arms College, except then they have to relearn everything differently when they get to their first unit in the fleet.
MOS: Military Occupational Specialty. A series of 4 or less alpha numeric characters that designate your profession. 0651 is a Data Network Specialist in the USMC, the computer nerd assholes that narc on you for looking at dirty pictures.
POG: Personnel Other than Grunt. Yes, we skipped a letter. No, we’re not educated enough to be concerned by it. POG is pejorative, but nobody takes serious offense unless they’re POG enough to get their feelers hurt. POG is pronounced as a
... keep reading on reddit ➡Do your worst!
Back from the dead?
Sorry about the delay people, life stuff got in the way. Here's an longer, fightier, chapter to compensate. As always, credit for the Universe of Between words goes to u/BlueFishcake. I'm just playing with their toys.
Hope you enjoy.
-----
“Miss Teleri, I have a report,” a Nighkru announced meekly.
Her charge sat facing away from her, reclining at the end of her red velvet couch. It looked almost comically small into comparison to the large purple woman. One muscular arm draped over the side, slowly swirling a tumbler containing a deep red liquid.
“Speak,” Teleri growled, turning her head slightly a few loose strands of platinum blond hair not tied in her bun swaying.
“W-we were struck by a micrometeorite cloud, Ma’am. There’s likely noticeable damage to the outer hull p-plating. Some of the damage report systems are acting up.”
Her boss stopped swirling her drink and turned her head a little more. The Nighkru could see her disapproving frown between her tusks and the hint of irritation in her golden iris’.
“You're interrupting my personal time because of pebbles?”
“I-well I-it can be a risk to…” she stopped as Teleri’s glare did not abate.
“Don’t bring this pointless shit to me again. Take it to the captain next time. Now, leave me.”
“Yes miss,” she replied. The Nighkru bowed curtly and left as requested.
The older Shil’vati let out a deep breath after hearing her cabin door close behind her. Something in her bones told her it was going to be a long week. Sure the forged manifests had all been filed correctly. The officers in the trade station they were going to be heading to have all been bribed as to not uncover all the weapons the Princess of Delseryiea had in her hold. The next shipment of ‘liquid bliss’ was ready to be picked up for the next run. Deep, her favourite squeeze was even waiting for her on that station.
Everything was running smoothly, shockingly so.
All she needed to hear now was the report from the brass claws saying those girls in black spandex had been taken out and this would be her best week on record. Teleri grit her teeth thinking about them. She c
... keep reading on reddit ➡I'm surprised it hasn't decade.
For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.
I said "hey look, an escaPEA"
No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!
Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂
It really does, I swear!
A reprint and edit from the CMP forum
Garand basic accuracy
o Detail strip, clean, and lubricate
o Replace all springs Note: May not be necessary with the current rifles from the CMP that have new parts.
o Peen barrel splines (gas cylinder mounting)
o Set the rear sight to the middle of its windage travel, and sight-in by adjusting the front sight so that your mechanical zero and your actual zero are the same. Apply plenty of torque to the front sight screw every time.
o If your rifle has one of the poppet-type gas screws be sure to clean it well. The mating surfaces on the poppet and screw body have to seal and need to be clean. If you have ever done a valve job on an automotive cylinder head you'll know what I'm talking about. You can use a screwdriver to hold the poppet open and scrub the mating surfaces with solvent and a toothbrush.
o Check and replace rear sight cover if needed
o Tilt test (I bend the oprod if necessary - that can be tricky and probably not a good idea for most). However, minor interferences can be fixed by filing or sanding the stock ferrule or stock if that's where the oprod is rubbing, which is a lot easier.)
o Check the stock-to-barrel fit- "dollar bill test" - make sure the barrel is clear in its channel
o Front handguard should be just loose(some fore and aft movement) but not too much.
o Rear handguard·should also pass the dollar bill test and have clearance at the rear (between the handguard and the face of the receiver)
o Make sure there is no stock interference with the trigger or trigger guard.
o Barrel band should be tight on the barrel - replace as necessary (pin too).
o Trigger guard should have some resistance to closing (called a tight "lock up"). Peen lugs or replace the trigger guard. Stamped guards can be tweaked slightly to improve lock up. It is possible to add material to the bottom of the lugs (by welding) and then shape them back to round but that is definitely not something you should, or would need to do unless you are using an old receiver to build a match rifle.
o Make sure the stock ferrule is tight and clamping the front of the stock securely. Replace as necessary.
o Pivot the stacking swivel all the way to the front (up against the bottom of the gas cylinder) and torque the beejesus out of the retaining screw so it stays in that position.
o Smoke the front and rear sights. I use a piece of burning masking tape in a pinch but there are many ways to do this. A Ray-Vin smoker is a must for
... keep reading on reddit ➡Buenosdillas
They’re on standbi
Credit for the Universe of Between words goes to u/BlueFishcake
This will be my First second foray into fanfiction. Any feedback would be appreciated and...yeah I hope you like it.
June 2024- Vesirian 3, Consortium space
Staris couldn’t even hear her own thoughts over the constant downpour. Sure, she had grown up on a fairly wet planet herself, but this much rain was frankly ridiculous. It pounded into the soil around her like hail, resonating with a constant dull tapping against her helmet. The vapour from the raindrops as they shattered themselves against the ground cast a low fog around her surroundings. Adding to the thick blue forest foliage made the environment impossible to see through.
At least it would cover her team’s approach.
She raised her right hand to indicate the rest of her squad to come to a halt as she spotted her target. The three fellow Nightkru of her squad readied their weapons as they prepared to engage their target, their steel grey body armour blending in the fog surrounding them. The team stalked forwards, spying the small shack tucked away off to the side of the dirt path opposite a large clearing.
Her employer paid a pretty penny for the leaked info about this place. The supposed hide out of a group everyone only ever refers to as ‘the phantoms’.
Their reputation didn’t matter. It was four against fourteen. The place had been scouted and surrounded. Scans had not picked up any localised sensors or early warning systems. They had them by surprise. The phantoms had captured one too many bounties, pissed off one to many underground organisations, performed one too many hits. They weren't an asset to the consortium anymore. They were a threat.
Now they were the ones with a bounty on their head, however informal it’s nature.
The shack had no windows to give away Staris’ approach. They were under radio silence as they didn’t wish to give away their arrival. The other squads that would provide fire support should their quarry decide not to surrender so easily.
**‘**Lets how good these bitches really are,’ she mused to herself, as her squad formed up at the door.
Staris held up three fingers. Her ring finger curled down.
-
Then her middle finger.
Her boot came up to the door and slammed into it. The simple lock gave way, the door swinging wide and slamming into an inte
... keep reading on reddit ➡Pilot on me!!
Hello, I'm new to this and have a couple questions.
-
My microscope says 10/0.25 and 40/0.65; I am under the assumption this means 10× and 40x if this is correct what is some of the smaller things visible with it?
-
What are some common mistakes I need to avoid?
-
Are there purchasable replacements for the lights or is it easier to repurpose LEDs to use as the light it came with has significantly dimmed.
Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.
This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.
If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.
Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.
When I got home, they were still there.
What did 0 say to 8 ?
" Nice Belt "
So What did 3 say to 8 ?
" Hey, you two stop making out "
I won't be doing that today!
[Removed]
You take away their little brooms
This morning, my 4 year old daughter.
Daughter: I'm hungry
Me: nerves building, smile widening
Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.
She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.
Thank you all for listening.
There hasn't been a post all year!
Marielinnill stood patiently in front of the portal from the transport module with her companions as they waited for the connection to be made to the array unit and the airlock to cycle. The indicator light changed, and the iris door slowly twisted open. She scuttled in front and easily went through the passage into the dimly lit array unit. Closely behind her, one of Stationtown's few Mnarodo residents bounded into the unit followed by three Resothortho cantering placidly in on metal-shod hooves. Finally, Ihjordhalho, easily the largest Hfez male in Stationtown, awkwardly squeezed his long segmented body through the aperture, made even more difficult by the fact that no self-respecting Hfez male went anywhere without his entire harem of wives riding on his back, a concession that was made in the lottery system for choosing Stationtown residents to perform this particular duty.
The erstwhile team went to work for this inspection stint. Ihjordhalho, or The Baron as he liked to be called, sank down a little to let his wives climb off -- at least the extra people on the trip were useful for getting this done quickly. For Marielinnill, the Baron, and his wives, this was the second mandatory stint -- the system was somewhat staggered, so the remaining team members were first-timers, other than one of the Resothortho who was on her final and third stint. The airlock sealed slowly behind them as their conveyance departed temporarily to perform its own inspection of the external reflector dishes.
Marielinnill was responsible this time for the (paper) inspection worksheet, which she held in one foreclaw along with an (ink) pen in an opposite claw. Everyone fanned out to the different levels of the array unit, after Ihjordhalho set down the box of replacement detector filament tubes (and food supplies) that he carried out from the transport.
The inspection required the painstaking examination of thousands of filament tubes arranged in complex patterns. Each of the tubes contained a strand of exotic matter that was linked, by exotic matter hyper-entanglement, to a corresponding filament in a heavily shielded signal concentrator unit aboard the station, in what Marielinnill understood was a sort of inversion of a st
... keep reading on reddit ➡
- TL/DR AST SpaceMobile constellation will boast the largest ever deployed area of antenna in space. Powerful enough to do what no one else does: Connect directly to smartphones. Price Target: 45 USD per share. 3.8 x current share price.
- I am not a financial advisor. This is analysis, not financial advice.
Background. The Communication Services Sector, CSS, Telecommunications addressable market and stepwise evolution of telecom sector.
- Alphabet (Google) and Facebook make up half of the S&P 500 CSS. Telecommunications companies is one fifth (21%) of sector, and about 2% of the S&P 500 total value. Internet infrastructure is not part of CSS, it is part of Information Technology sector.
- The Total (global) telecom addressable market in 2021 is 1,000 Bn USD. Growing at CAGR 40% annually. This means the entire Telecom sector is by definition in hypergrowth. A company just maintaining its market share is, thereby, also in hypergrowth. This is largely driven by 5g rollout. And fueled by new technological concepts and evolvong standards.
- Mainstream consumer telecom started as wire connected telegraphs, then phones, evolved into cellphones and terrestrial towers further subdivided into 2g, 3g, 4g LTE and now 5g. Research and development has started for another leap: Connecting to satellites.
- 🦅 Incorporated in 3GPP release 16 and 17, 5g standards. For Example Qualcomm x65 release 16 chip, manufactured by Samsung, and in cellphones from early 2022 is engineered to improve its satellite connectivity. Regular cellphones has already started adapting for AST type constellations.
🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢🦅 Low Earth Orbit Satellite constellations. A whole lot of swans.
- There are a lot of Low Earth Orbit communications Constellations planned and operational.
How numerous some leading LEO constellations are planned to become. (correct for AST is 336 sats).
🦅 SpaceMobile constellation. Bigger antenna than any other.
[Ellis Island. Originally only 3.5 acres in size, today Ellis Island covers nearly 27.5 acres. Or 111.000 square meters. This is the size of the total phased array antenna that AST SpaceMobile constellation will deploy when it
... keep reading on reddit ➡
