I have wondered, what legal stimulants could I ingest if I wholeheartedly don't like any form of caffeine? Thought you guys might know.
My body does not agree with drinking coffee or taking caffeine pills. I do not like energy drinks either, the amount of sugar is too much for me.
Some exoplanets - almost all of them Hot Jupiters - have had their atmospheric spectra taken. How much variation has been found in these worlds regarding the abundances of various elements (aside from hydrogen and helium) and compounds? Are they largely similar, or is each unique? Do some have unusually high abundances of certain things?
As an optional extra question, although we don't know for sure yet, I'm also curious what is expected regarding such variation in terrestrial and habitable planet compositions, atmospheric and otherwise.
If not possible, any chance this can be done other way?
Hydrogen and Helium are the most and the second most abundant elements in the universe respectively, but Oxygen is third. My understanding is that most of the elements heavier than [H] and [He] are created through astronomical events such as the goings on within a star.
Why is Oxygen not the 8th most abundant element? What factors come into play, with Oxygen and all of the other known elements?
I'm running off the assumption that an elementary atom is something that has specific traits, such as the number of neutrons, protons, electrons, etc. I understand an isotope to be a nucleus with some missing particles or additional particles in its nucleus. I know that nitrogen decays into carbon-12 and that carbon-12 can decay back into nitrogen.
Okay, so far, so basic and likely misinformed and based on shaky misconceptions and research. But I'm not quite sure what the difference between an isotope and an element actually is. I suppose my question is, what makes carbon, for example, carbon-y? I figured it was a dumb enough question to ask this subreddit.
He Y👋 La Dy S💁♀️ 📷 W O Db 😍 Y O U 👈 Li K 👍 Th O 2️⃣ Ge Te 😮 Rh I C H 💰💰💰 B Y 💰💰💰Ru N N I N Ge 🏃♀️🏃♀️ Y O U Re 👈 O W N 🙋B U S S I Ne S S 👩💼💼 Fr O Mo 👉 H O Mn 🏡 W I Th 🤝 Ge U S Te ☝ Y O U Re 👈 P H O Ne? 📱🤳 W Er 🤷♀️ Y O U 👈 Ca Nd. 😂 Ge Ta 👏 Re Al 👏 Ge O P 👏 Y O U 👏 S Ti U P I Tc U N Te 👏
When presented with a concentration of one chemical, what is the "as" supposed to mean? An example of this would be mg/L Ammonia as Nitrogen. Would this only be the concentatrion of the nitrogen, neglecting the rest of the ammonia? Thank you
