So, every single living human being today, can have their lineage traced back to a Mitochondrial Eve. How does that even work? Did we really come that close to extinction that at some point, there was only one female human on the entire planet whose descendants didn't die out before making contact with others?
That's some cosmic horror level stuff right there. Every other pocket of human population dying, only the children of one woman living on... Holy crap...
Shouldn't this show some lower than normal genetic diversity tho? I heard cheetahs have debilitatingly low genetic dieversity due to a bottleneck in their population thousands of years ago... yet I never heard of humans having such.
GRRM has promised that things start dying in winter. I expect that means that multiple people but more important houses will die out completely, in a kind of turning-point moment of Westerosi history.
The Freys are likely candidates. Even though Walder is a randy old goat with many kids, the foreshadowing (not to mention Arya's show plot) is strong that they will all be ended by Lady Stoneheart or similar.
Roose, Walda and Ramsay also seem endangered.
Some houses that might not be killed to a person would still be severely weakened and die out over the long term simply because they lack a stronghold, armies, wealth and strong heirs. For example, House Darklyn was ended in the immediate wake of the Defiance of Duskendale, but House Hollard hung on for another few years, but only in the form of Ser Dontos.
Which houses do you think will be exterminated wholly in the Long Night or so severely weakened that they don't recover?
Technological development and industrial progress have significantly altered the physical environment in which people live. With increased access to phones, computers, television, Youtube, and other forms of communication media, humans are becoming increasingly connected, though with it comes increased demands for higher education, more adequate housing, better food quality, and steady careers or higher-paying jobs. All this increases the pressure for starting families later, and having fewer children. This results in a population bottleneck, where many developed countries face decreasing fertility (that is having less than two children on average, which is below the population replacement level). However, at some point in the future, as people balance life, family, and work, the population will likely increase once more, and keep on increasing.
How likely is this future, without human cloning, or robots replacing humans? Thank you for your interest, and please share your opinions or thoughts.
I read that recent evidence suggests that the global effects of the Lake Toba eruption were not actually as huge as previously thought, and it is unlikely that this was the cause for the bottleneck in human population around that time. If the eruption wasn't the cause, what was?
Hello! I am a trained cultural anthropologist and I’ve always been fascinated with biodiversity especially how it relates to humankind. I am hoping to get opinions from some physical anthropologists on how humans may look today if we did not have a population bottleneck 50,000-100,000 years ago!
you probably need a PC and Reddit Enhancement Suite (RES) to view all these embedded charts. TLDR at bottom
Six countries, the United States, China, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, and France, collectively account for
73% of global food production and
####93% of total exports,
The number of countries dependent on trade for net imports of food is increasing. It is not uncommon for exporting countries to impose restrictions like export taxes or export embargoes on agricultural commodities sold to other countries.
Restrictions become increasingly common when world shortages and high prices exist. These policies are meant to discourage exports and keep food within the surplus country for domestic consumers in order to maintain social stability.
Essentially, the restrictions mean that “our citizens eat first, if there is anything left over, your citizens can buy some.” and in some cases “Our citizens eat first and we will be storing the rest to buffer against potential supply shocks next year in order to maintain social stability”
https://imgur.com/5e4Hmbu On the other side of the spectrum some countries adherence to extremist political-economic ideologies such as neoliberalism make it unlikely for elites to allow trade restrictions. This creates a situation where exports continue to flow towards wealth while the internal underclasses are priced out of the food market and suffer malnutrition or starvation. There is no shortage of historical precedents for this scenario. The above chart shows just one example of a die off while food was being exported, the Irish great hunger. . The higher percent your income spent on food the lower your capacity to absorb higher food costs.
>When the potato blight destroyed their source of sustenance, the poorest – like the nearly 1 billion starving in the world today – had no purchasing power in the market for food. Throughout the five-year famine, Ireland was a large exporter of meat, dairy products, grain,peas, beans, onions, rabbits, salmon, oysters, herring, lard, honey.480,827 swine and 186,483 cows in 1846 alone, in "Black 47" calve export increased 33% from the previous year. 822,681 gallons of butter exported from during nine months of the worst year. In the twelve months following the second failure of the potato crop, 4,000 horses and ponies were exported. The export of bacon and ham increased. In total, over three million live animals were exported from Ireland between 1846-50, more than the n
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I read this in a serious anthropology article, but am not myself an anthropologist. By breeding population, I assume one means between the age of 12 and 50? I assume that Y chromosome sampling is a way to determine if a bone fragment (or other type of fragment) comes from a male. thanks very much in advance for your time and help.
Can anyone refer me to a good source for the current estimates for the world-wide diaspora of homo sapiens since the bottleneck of the population around 70,000-100,000 years ago? I’m interested in things like estimated population size/growth over time, who went where when, etc. Thanks.
So I've seen memes floating around boasting how genetic studies on population bottlenecks have disproven Adam & Eve. I've been trying to find said studies but have come up short and could only find the book "Adam and the genome". Can anyone provide some links?
So, every single living human being today, can have their lineage traced back to a Mitochondrial Eve. How does that even work? Did we really come that close to extinction that at some point, there was only one female human on the entire planet whose descendants didn't die out before making contact with others?
That's some cosmic horror level stuff right there. Every other pocket of human population dying, only the children of one woman living on... Holy crap...
Shouldn't this show some lower than normal genetic diversity tho? I heard cheetahs have debilitatingly low genetic dieversity due to a bottleneck in their population thousands of years ago... yet I never heard of humans having such.
