How do I fight back without supersymmetrical decompostion?

Hey y'all,

alright, I've decided to make this post, after reading dozens of pessimistic posts/comments in this sub, first of all, guys stop it, no one should talk about duration, cause, or mechanisms behind tinnitus without having clinical data, medical theories, studies etc..

- Note, this information is based on my own experience as an neurologist (still studying btw..)

Alright, I've gathered alot of information about pathophysiology and mechanisms behind tinnitus, from talking to experts, researchers, neurologists, neurotologists etc...

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The neuropathophysiological mechanism behind tinnitus is very complex and is still "theoretic" in some parts, but I've tried my best to evaluate and educate everyone about it. (As best as I can).

Alright let's start.

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The model and pathophysiology in terms of development of tinnitus is based on a framework called Thalamocortical dysrhythmia, I'll explain in detail rn, it's an ex-inhibition problem within your thalamus (thalamic area), so first of all we need to understand how we process nerve signals, this is purely based on neurochemical-electrical impulses that arrive and get (s) transmitted with 250MpH/400KmH, this happens with the help of various neurotransmitters that are controlling the ex-inhibition threshold aka action potential.

Alright let's move on,

Our Thalamus is basically an relay station, that receives and controls all information (nerve input) arriving into primary cortical areas, aswell as it transmits information down the spinal cord, this is why it's called the "gatekeeper of the brain"

Quote: "Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neuropsychiatric disorders like Parkinson's Disease, neurogenic pain, tinnitus, visual snow syndrome, [schizophrenia](https://en

Alright, I wasn't going to post this side of things yet because I want to be very careful as to not to get people overly excited or mislead people and most of what I'm going to post in the coming days and such is on another area of research. A few people were asking though so I'm going to create a new post/thread in case anyone didn't read the longer introductory (re-introductory) one...though this will now probably end up longer too. I mentioned in my original post I consider this a form of "Band-Aid" solution because it doesn't get to the heart of the original problem of the principal neurotransmitter causing dysfunction resulting in VSS in my case, but it has a role.

Background - Male, 30 years-old. Got VSS at 29 years-old on December 28th, 2020, almost one year ago.

Pre-existing conditions: Congenital nystagmus, asymptomatic mild astigmatism (asymptomatic until VSS), mild dry eye syndrome since mid-2013, and ASD/Asperger's (I mention this last one only because there seems a disproportionate amount of people on the spectrum who have or acquire sensory processing issues at some point - don't take it to mean anything I've done or which helped me, which is only a little so far, wouldn't help you or it's not applicable because of differing neurological profiles - if anything, it's the opposite. Spectrum folk in my view perhaps get this condition easier and most existing medical literature and clinical data addresses the neurotypical majority rather than a minority in functional neuro-anatomy).

If your VSS was first induced by GABA-ergic dysfunction or has a GABA-ergic component (gamma aminobutryic acid - one of the main neurotransmitters of the entire central nervous system) than it may help. In my case it did probably because there was a minor GABA-ergic component since a severe adverse reaction to a fluoroquinolone-class antibiotic gave me severe and long lasting non-visual symptoms which are also related to VSS and lack of inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission. Fluoroquinolones are GABA-A receptor antagonists which blockade the GABA-A receptor and stimulate NMDA receptors (excitatory glutamate), lowering the seizure threshold. My hyperacusis, tinnitus, etc. was probably due to induced GABAergic dysfunction.

Plus, the GABAergic interneurons of the thalamus lie at the heart of the issue.

> "GABAergic interneurons (INs) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) shape the information flow from retina to cortex, presumably by controlling the

The thalamic reticular nucleus, seen as a form of pacemaker of the thalamus and in turn, a stabilizing force for thalamocortical rhythms and perhaps optimum functioning of neural oscillations (brainwaves) and their patterns.

This will be the true beginning of a series on research I've pored over for months and which I believe is intimately relevant to my own case and possibly contains implications for others here. This will be a longer post, but I think it's important information.

Dr. Diana Driscoll, an optometrist and author, as well as creator of the Parasym Plus supplement, is the one who spoke some time ago about vision disturbances reflective of the same symptoms described by people now being recognized as VSS cases long being considered in the community of optometrists and ophthalmologists as having a cholinergic mechanism (being related to cholinergic damage/dysfunction). Unfortunately, I tried that specific supplement much earlier in the year along with many others and it had zero positive effect for me. I believe I've come to understand why.

I do not think acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (inhibitors which disrupt the activities of the enzyme which breaks down endogenous acetylcholine), acetylcholine precursors like choline (found in foods like eggs and poultry as well as specific choline supplements) required for production of endogenous acetylcholine, or even partial or nonselective agonists/activators are enough to stimulate and activate the receptors involved with an equal or greater degree of force to the extent to which they were antagonized to reverse the process said antagonism caused.

Acetylcholine is one of the principal neurotransmitters of the entire central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), like GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and so on. Yet unlike GABA which is mostly inhibitory or glutamate which is mostly excitatory, acetylcholine can be inhibitory or excitatory. It can excite inhibitory neurons into proper action and functioning, or even inhibit inhibitory neurons (such as GABAergic interneurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus) from maladaptively inhibiting in turn the necessary function of thalamic relay cells. Thus, it epitomizes the role of a true neuromodulator.

It does this through changing a cell's resting membrane potential via depolarization or hyperpolarization. Remember that depolarization shifts a cell's resting membrane potential to a more positive value, making it more likely to

Do your worst!

Hey guys, I made a list of all the theories of consciousness I could find. Made a short description of each one. Would appreciate feedback if I missed anything or if my description is inaccurate. Also, let's pointlessly argue about which one is the most correct one. Looking forward to your inputs.

Ps. In each section, the first theory or two is most established one in the field (take into account that all the theories are untestable, thus what makes a theory more popular is its applicability to AI, and not how accurate it represents consciousness in the brain). Also, I didn't include theories that were refuted, such as the OrchOr theory.

Models:

1. **Synchrony theory** (Singer, Engel): Neurons that fire in the same phase (rhythm) at the gamma range (above 30 action potentials per sec) send together stimulus information to consciousness. The purpose of consciousness is binding features into objects (eg binding the shape of a box with its color, sound, location. etc). The theory is now considered incomplete, and is the basis of most theories below.

System-Integration models: Consciousness emerges when information from different sources is processed in a closed network.

2. **Integrated information theory** (Tononi): Subjective experience is a side effect of a large scale simultaneous processing of incoming information in a closed network/ensemble of neurons. The information forms conscious shapes (quale) in the conscious space (qualia space) by integrating together all the possible dimensions of informations (q-arrows). The posterior parietal cortex (attention center) is a hot-zone for eliciting consciousness due to receiving more incoming information than other regions (but to a lesser degree consciousness occurs also in other brain parts). The model was formed by analyzing the properties of subjective experience (and not by examining the brain).

3. **Supramodular Interaction theory of Consciousness** (Morsella): Conflict resolution of movement is the only behavior that cannot occur subconsciously (ie it is encapsulated). In order to determine which body movement to execute, our brain enables cross talk between many different regions. The purpose of consciousness is to delay gratification (exert volitional control over the muscle system).

4. **Postdiction model of Consciousness** (Eagleman, Michel & Doerig): Sensory stimuli arrives to consciousness at different times, but we experience it simultaneously. T

It really does, I swear!

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

Welcome to my latest post. I’ve been reading through the research on stuttering for almost a year now, and there’s a lot to be learned from it. It’s my goal to help the stuttering community by sharing it.

I use "near-fluency" in this title, because successful management is characterized by significantly-improved fluency. But it is not a complete cessation of stuttering. It is not a "cure." Fluency and speech naturalness are significantly improved, but it still requires effort and attention. There is only one study that I've found that shows evidence of adults (ages 16-22) making a full recovery from stuttering. (Like the way that children recover from stuttering.)

Feel free to skip to the "Sucessful Management" header if you want to get right to the research. If you're interested in learning more about the neuroscience behind all of this, check out some of my earlier posts.

If you're curious and would like to read more about successful management, I'd highly recommend reading these studies by Laura Plexico. (The top three results; click on the [PDF] on the right side to view the full papers.) This study by Andersen & Felsenfeld is also great, but the full version is behind a paywall.

Successful Management: Agency and Near-Fluency

Fall 2016

There's a fantastic burrito shop in downtown Boston, run by a mother-daughter team. They are famous for their homemade molé sauce and spicy black salsa. They're also incredibly kind people; the mother of the pair affectionately refers to each customer as "my dear."

I first discovered this restaurant when I landed a software job at a nearby tech start-up. Every Wednesday, the company would buy lunch for the software team, and it was up to the six of us to decide where to go. After my first molé burrito, my vote always went to Villa Mexico.

Villa Mexico didn't use the online ordering apps, though, so whenever we chose it for lunch, someone from the team would have to call in the order. Our team lead would always ask "Alright, who wants to make the call?" and, like

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

They’re on standbi

Buenosdillas

Pilot on me!!

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

The Cerebellum – The small brain that is actually pretty big!

The cerebellum is located in the back of the brain just below the occipital lobe, which puts it in the lower back half of your head. It is part of the extrapyramidal system which is comprised of the medulla integration with the basal ganglia and your cortex, kind of forming an upside-down pyramid shape in your brain. The basal ganglia is important for motor control and your cortex takes care of all the things that make you, you as well as interpreting sensory information and sending out motor information (Breedlove and Watson, 2020).

Back to the cerebellum it receives input from your muscle and joint receptor, your vestibular (balance) system, somatosensory cortex (touch sensation processing), visual system, and auditory systems.

It sends out information and suggestions to both the pyramidal and non-pyramidal parts of your central nervous system (all the stuff that makes up your brain and spinal cord).

It has a lot of crazy functions that it contributes and a ton a processing power. Scientists once thought that the cerebellum was pretty low in its power but new studies have shown that the cerebellum has roughly the same number of neurons as the rest of the brain combined.

Functions that the cerebellum contribute to:

Control of skilled movements

The ability to turn repeated movement to automatic movement

Motor learning and coordination and it is also important for coordination of ongoing motor control

Identification of self and non-self of touch sensations

Cerebellum Divisions

Spinocerebellum – this is the central part of the cerebellum and it is needed to understand current special location and anticipation of subsequent movement

Damage to this area can result in weaving around while walking and erratic gait

Cerebrocerebellum – this is the outer parts of both sides of the cerebellum and it is needed in planning complex movement and cognition of motor learning

Damage to this area results in decomposition where movements broken into smaller parts rather than being fluid and continuous

Vestibulocerebellum – this is the lower part of the cerebellum and is important for body orientation, motoring and maintenance of posture, and guide eye movements

Damage to this area results in error in gaze as well as difficult with tracking visual object as head moves around

In a Nutshell

The cerebellum is responsible for your ability to walk, drive a car

You take away their little brooms

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "