Including secretions in the digestive tract?
I thought I read that somewhere, the peptides can irritate the throat lining and cause mucous to be secreted, but that sounds odd. Is this true?
Following the well-received potential of a case discussion yesterday, I thought this would be a good case to start with. I'm currently on a very dull ward cover shift and seem to have the time to do this well.
It's a general medical case that I was involved with that touches on a number of interesting aspects of medicine, ranging from the common considerations to the uncommon resolutions.
In order for this to work well, I will break down the discussions in the comment section below - I would really appreciate it if all discussion could be a reply to one my main comments to try and keep the thread organised and legible. This will also let latecomers go through things chronologically as well.
This is a real case, but names have been redacted and details changed to protect the guilty.
--------
A 64 year old lady is brought to ED by her concerned husband. She is complaining of significant atraumatic back pain, abdominal pain, and of difficulty walking. She is out of area.
She was referred to T&O as a possible case of cauda equina syndrome, and they were able to almost immediately put her through an MRI scanner.
The MRI Lumbar/Sacral spine looked like this. (NB - not her actual scan, courtesy google).
She is subsequently referred on to medicine, where you are able to learn that she has a significant PMHx of colon cancer, and is currently taking capecitabine as oral chemotherapy. She also has HTN for which she takes bendroflumethiazide.
You are able to learn from her husband that she has also become confused over the past two weeks, and her leg weakness developed over a similar timeframe. She had some blood tests from the GP one week ago, and he helpfully has a copy of her results with him. He also mentions that she has had profuse diarrhoea for about 5 days.
Examining her, you find no abnormalities in her respiratory system. You note that she appears to be dry on assessment, but otherwise has a normal CV examination. Her abdomen is diffusely tender but soft, and she has very active bowel sounds.
She has a pulse of 107 and a BP of 100/55. Her other observations are WNL.
A neurological assessment is difficult due to her inability to follow commands, but she is compliant and passive. She has an AMTS of 3/10, with power of 2/5 in her lower limbs and 4/5 in her upper limbs. You are not able to elicit any reflexes.
Her initial blood work is as follows:
||GP bloods f
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Moderna covid vaccine side effects:
Abdominal discomfort: 1,435 reports
Abdominal distension: 341 reports
Abdominal pain: 1,502 reports
Abdominal pain lower: 164 reports
Abdominal pain upper: 1,626 reports
Abnormal behavior: 114 reports
Abnormal dreams: 130 reports
Abortion spontaneous (naturally occurring miscarriage): 232 reports
Acute myocardial infarction (acute heart attack): 193 reports
Acute respiratory failure: 143 reports
Adverse reaction: 138 reports
Ageusia (loss of taste functions of the tongue): 733 reports
Agitation (state of anxiety or nervous excitement): 415 reports
Alanine aminotransferase increased: 170 reports
Anaemia (lack of blood): 125 reports
Anaphylaxis (serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death): 606 reports
Angioedema (rapid swelling of the dermis): 294 reports
Anticoagulant therapy: 311 reports
Aphonia (inability to produce voice): 103 reports
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix): 118 reports
Appetite - decreased (decreased appetite occurs when you have a reduced desire to eat): 3,463 reports
Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat): 1,703 reports
Arthritis (form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints): 250 reports
Aspartate aminotransferase increased: 160 reports
Asthma: 373 reports
Atrial fibrillation/flutter (atrial fibrillation and flutter are abnormal heart rhythms in which the atria, or upper chambers of the heart, are out of sync with the ventricles): 544 reports
Axillary mass: 148 reports
Axillary pain: 1,561 reports
Back pain: 3,095 reports
Balance disorder: 895 reports
Bedridden: 116 reports
Bell's palsy (facial paralysis): 1,005 reports
Bleeding into the skin: 197 reports
Blindness: 208 reports
Blister (small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure): 617 reports
Blood creatinine increased: 207 reports
Blood glucose decreased: 136 reports
Blood glucose increased: 550 reports
Blood potassium decreased: 174 reports
Blood pressure fluctuation: 113 reports
Blood sodium decreased: 122 reports
Blood urea increased: 118 reports
Blood urine present: 162 reports
Body temperature decreased: 118 reports
Body temperature increased: 3,068 reports
Bone pain: 533 reports
Bradycardia (abnormally slow heart action): 147 reports
Breast pain: 437 reports
Breast swelling: 138 reports
Breathing difficulty: 8,611 reports
Breathing - slowed or sto
... keep reading on reddit ➡[Chapter 1] ; [Previous Chapter] ; [Wiki]
In case you missed it, you might also want to check out the series' new short
I hope you enjoy!
Chapter 11
“Someone who claims to be my sister; What’s that supposed to mean?” James asked into the silence of the room.
On him were the very curious eyes of his three friends, all of whom were apparently exceedingly interested in his conversation.
The Operator on the other end of the line seemed to be at a loss for words.
“Well, she says that’s who she is, but I don’t…” they said, trailing off there, apparently not quite knowing how to convey the reason for their doubts.
Funnily enough, it was that exact awkward hesitation, that made it click for James.
“Ah, I get it,” he said amusedly, chuckling to himself a bit. “It’s all right. She is who she says she is. I’ll talk to her.”
“And how exactly are you going to do that?” Shida suddenly commented from across the room, making James look up.
He looked at her inquisitively, to which she casually lifted one arm and pointed at the tarp still taped over his desk, a sly look on her face.
Right, that was a thing.
“Actually, I’ll have to call her back,” James quickly corrected himself to the Operator. “Could you tell her that I’ll get back to her as soon as I can?”
The Operator, who was apparently just glad that they wouldn’t have to deal with an incident of mistaken identity, gleefully answered,
“Sure thing, I’ll let her know.”
And with that, they hung up.
James looked at the device in his hand for a moment.
“So, you have a sister, huh?” Shida piped up again, after James said nothing for a while. “How come you’ve never told me?”
James laughed out loud at that, and asked,
“Would you believe me if I told you it’s a long story?”
He had to cut their get-together short after that. Or, more precisely, they had to move it.
His original plan was to take the call in his laboratory, where the terminal was still perfectly functional. But Shida, whose cabin was by far the closest to his, offered to let him take it there instead.
And since apparently none of his friends wanted to miss the chance to get a look at someone from James’ family, everyone was comi
... keep reading on reddit ➡https://preview.redd.it/vdjh0iifpo081.jpg?width=703&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a01e6ab4a282a36cdc1f309bf2251652dcd991b6
Стрела, запечатленная на этом фото, — не орудие убийства, а орудие любви. Такими стрелами поражают друг друга при совокуплении зернистые карпатские улитки (Monachoides vicinus). Похожие любовные стрелы есть у многих их собратьев — сухопутных, дышащих легкими брюхоногих моллюсков (улиток и слизней) из отряда стебельчатоглазые.
Состоят любовные стрелы обычно из карбоната кальция, как и раковины улиток. Но есть исключения. Так, у представителей семейств Ariophantidae, Helicarionidae, Vitrinidae и Parmacellidae стрелы любви хитиновые, а у некоторых представителей семейства Gastrodontidae — хрящевые. Форма улиточьих стрел любви очень разнообразна, а внутренняя структура сложна.
Зачем же улиткам нужны эти стрелы? Чт
... keep reading on reddit ➡This is u/Sparkmane's world, I'm just living in it. This is a long one.
In our time, Lake Eyre (Kati Thanda in the local Aboriginal language) is the largest lake in Australia; only when it’s full, of course, which rarely happens. The majority of the time, the “lake” is a dry salt desert. After a major rainfall that floods the lake bed, the water can range from brackish to as salty as seawater, but as it’s smack in the middle of the driest continent on Earth and surrounded by extremely hot deserts, the water rapidly evaporates. A 4 m deep flood can dry up in less than a year, and the water becomes hypersaline as the lake dries.
In the far future, a combination of erosion, sea-level rise, and Australia receiving higher amounts of annual rainfall has permanently flooded the lake bed. Around 3 million years after humanity’s disappearance, a channel opened up between the lake’s southern edge and the Great Australian Bight, the Augusta Canal, allowing salt water to flow in from the sea. Lake Eyre is now a shallow inland sea, which has also swallowed the smaller semi-permanent lakes that surround it, like Lake Torrens and Lake Frome. The whole inland sea covers an area roughly the size of England within the Australian interior. Lake Eyre is also quite shallow, only ~60 m at its absolute deepest point, and vast patches (~40%) of the lake may be only a metre or two deep!
The Canal is shallow enough that water flows into the lake at high tides and out at low tides, which allows for daily refreshment of the water in the lake. But it isn’t just seawater. Australia’s wetter climatic conditions have turned much of the continent from desert to grassland, and created new river basins in the interior, many of which flow into Lake Eyre. The lake’s northern border is the still-dry Simpson Desert, but much of its other flanks provide the lake with continual sources of fresh water. As a result, Lake Eyre is overall quite brackish, much less salty that seawater.
To swim in Lake Eyre is to experience paradise. The water is tropically warm, though moderated by the cooler seawater flowing up through the Augusta Canal, so it doesn’t get too hot either. The Lake is also very still, with wave action more akin to that of a little pond than to a country-sized body of water. The shallows are vast and easy to swim in, and as far as weeds go, sticking your feet into seagrass isn’t terrible.
Deeper down in the furthest depths of the lake lies a smoky-looking layer of water; this i
... keep reading on reddit ➡Do your worst!
Age 37 Female
I had Covid-19 (again) in mid-September this year. Received the antibodies and have since tested negative. I have also tested negative for RSV and the Flu. However, bloodwork has shown that I had a recent Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection because I had increasing antibodies over a 2-3 week period. I also had a GI Map that showed overgrowth of Staph. Aureus and Strep. Spp. My sinuses feel awful and I am fatigued. I have a stiff neck, occasional low grade fevers, and my mucous nasal secretions are green (sorry if this is TMI). My liver enzymes were slightly elevated and so were my Thyroid Antibodies. I was started on a 7 day course of Doxycycline for sinus infection. I am on day 7, but I still have a stiff neck, low grade fevers, and green snot. I am slowly feeling better, but not like I have in the past with antibiotics - they usually make me feel better in a couple of days. Do I need another antibiotic, extended Doxycycline, or is this normal? Thanks and sorry for the long post.
It really does, I swear!
For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.
I said "hey look, an escaPEA"
No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!
Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂
I'm surprised it hasn't decade.
They’re on standbi
Buenosdillas
Been suffering for over 2 years now and after doing some research i've found some interesting information regarding the different medications that exist in eastern Europe.
I've been very intruigued about how these work and how they can help repair the gastric mucosa.
This is NOT AN AD, this is just something been doing some research on and thought this would be benefitial for other people to also read, not necessarily purchase.
It's upsetting to see people just being prescribed ppi's and be on your way to "recovery" while these different medications exists. Maybe they won't work for everyone but there must be someone people responding positively to these..
I'll put some links below with articles with the names and what they do..
Irsogladine maleate
This medicine has effect to maintain homeostasis of gastric mucosal cells and protect gastric mucosa by increasing blood flow volume, and anti-inflammatory effect.
It is used to treat gastric ulcer and improve gastric mucosal lesion in acute gastritis and acute exacerbation of chronic gastritis.
https://www.kjim.org/journal/view.php?number=170079
https://www.mimaki-family-japan.com/item/detail?item_prefix=TF&item_code=002053&item_branch=00
APLACE Tablets 100mg
Effects of this medicine
This medicine acts on gastric mucosa and helps repair tissues of gastric mucosa.
It is usually used to treat gastritis/gastric ulcer.
https://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=1326
Selbex Cap 50mg : 100 capsules
This medicine increases secretion of gastric mucus,
and promotes protection and repair of damaged gastric mucosa.It is usually used in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.
https://www.mimaki-family-japan.com/item/detail?item_prefix=TF&item_code=005058&item_branch=001
https://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=36574
SOLON Tablets 50mg 100Tablets to Gastritis, gastric ulcer from Japan
Contents
It is a medicine that makes the mucous membrane of the stomach strong.
It is used to treat gastritis and gastric ulcer.
[https://www.dpk
... keep reading on reddit ➡
Pilot on me!!
A Review on Various Uses of N-Acetyl Cysteine
A few days ago I posted a study that discusses, among other things, the ability of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) to mitigate and potentially reverse the cellular damage caused by SARs CoV-2. Since we are on the subject. I'm offering the study above to further extol the virtues of NAC for a variety of purposes for both the AAS using community and the general community at large.
Forgive the subpar English in some of the Article but know that the Article itself has been positively cited in at least 48 other peer-reviewed papers in the English Language alone and I have seen numerous citations to this article in the German, Hungarian, Ukrainian, and Russian medical literature.
Disclaimer and Conflict of Interest Declaration: It is well known that I am in the pocket of Big Gelatin, The Slin Pin Manufacturers Association of America, Big Proviron, and here I will further disclose that I am in the pocket of Big NAC however the FDA is in the process of disallowing the sale of NAC as a health supplement so I will have to look for another organization to sell out to shortly. if the FDA has its way.
Discussion:
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as a nutritional supplement, is a greatly applied antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. NAC is a precursor of L-cysteine that results in glutathione elevation biosynthesis. It acts directly as a scavenger of free radicals, especially oxygen radicals. NAC is a powerful antioxidant. It is also recommended as a potential treatment option for different disorders resulted from generation of free oxygen radicals. Additionally, it is a protected and endured mucolytic drug that mellows tenacious mucous discharges. It has been used for treatment of various diseases in a direct action or in a combination with some other medications. This paper presents a review on various applications of NAC in treatment of several diseases.
Introduction:
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), as a safe and inexpensive medication, is commercially accessible since long-time ago (1). This drug is not found in natural sources, although cysteine is present in some meals like chicken and turkey meats, garlic, yogurt, and eggs ([2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241507/
... keep reading on reddit ➡
Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.
This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.
If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.
Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.
When I got home, they were still there.
What did 0 say to 8 ?
" Nice Belt "
So What did 3 say to 8 ?
" Hey, you two stop making out "
I won't be doing that today!
You take away their little brooms
This morning, my 4 year old daughter.
Daughter: I'm hungry
Me: nerves building, smile widening
Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.
She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.
Thank you all for listening.
