Abstract:

Recent studies demonstrated that metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases could be elicited by developmental programming, which is regulated by prenatal nutritional and environmental stress. In this study, we utilized a rat model to examine the effect of excessive maternal fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation on cardiac development and progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in offspring. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on 3-month-old male offspring to induce ventricular pressure overload. Four weeks postTAC, echocardiographic assessment as well as histopathological and biochemical examinations were performed on the myocardium of the offspring. Echocardiographic and gross examinations showed that heart weight, interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVD; d), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPW; d) were elevated in offspring with TAC and further increased by maternal fructose exposure (MFE). However, the left ventricular ejection function was not significantly affected. Myocardial histopathological examination revealed that the indices of fibrosis and oxidative stress were higher in offspring with MFE and TAC than those in animals receiving either treatment. Molecular examinations on the myocardium demonstrated an MFE-induced upregulation of p38-MAPK signaling. Next generation sequence (NGS) analysis indicated a modulation of the expression levels of several cardiac hypertrophy-associated genes, including GPR22, Myh7, Nppa, P2RX4, and Npy by MFE. Subsequent RT-PCR indicated that MFE regulated the expression levels of genes responsive to cardiac hypertrophy (i.e., Myh-7, ANP) and oxidative stress (i.e., GR, GPx, and NQO-1). In conclusion, MFE during pregnancy and lactation modulated myocardial gene expression, increased oxidative stress, and exacerbated ventricular pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in rat offspring.

https://preview.redd.it/1vtrqu855bo71.png?width=745&format=png&auto=webp&s=306ef479ee176021bd9d9e0e62365be23545782f

https://preview.redd.it/w32l6hv65bo71.png?width=628&format=png&auto=webp&s=1e33fc66dda58e7273671502d3f03daf19095fbd

4. Discussion Although the effect of maternal fructose intake on developmental programming has been revealed in recent decades, its cardiac influence remains unknown. In this study, we first demonstrated that excessive excessive maternalintake of fructose during pregnancy and

In the presence of cardiac stressors (gear use, shitty diet, age, weight, genetics etc), the priority & rationale behind each medical intervention may look like this for an indiviudal:

1st priority) Decrease vascular resistance (reduce workload of the heart) - Diuretic which is effective and potent in promoting diuresis. (LASIX if your BP is really bad, thiazide if your BP is moderately elevated. If using LASIX, take 20mEq oral KCl/day to replace losses) if your average daily BP is greater than 120/80mmHG, keep reading. These powerful diuretics should only be used sparingly to bail you out of hypertension acutely and then discontinued when the rest of the interventions mentioned begin to take effect

2nd priority) Inhibit the Renin-Angiotensin system cascade to promote chronic modulation of BP and increase cardiac output (ACE inhibitor & ARBs)

3d priority) Prevent cardiac remodeling (left-ventricular hypertrophy) using a beta-blocker (nebivolol ideal for athletes because it doesn't reduce workout performance & also enhances vasodilation, which is another vector of promoting cardiovascular health. If your resting heart rate is <50bpm, discontinue use of all beta-blockers)

4th priority) Remove arterial plaque buildup- (high EPA omega-3 supplement, ezetimibe, atorvastatin, niacin)

5th priority) Decreasing water retention by inhibiting aldosterone, the hormone responsible for renal reabsorption of sodium & water (low dose spironolactone)

6th priority) (optional, new & slightly expensive intervention) ) Lowering cardiac afterload by blockade of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys (SGLT 2 Inhibitors, has shown great efficacy in attenuating most adverse cardiac outcomes in non-diabetic & diabetic populations)

Background: My cat was having some flea problem and during the check up the regular vet told me my cat may some heart problem. So he told me to see a cardiologist and this is the report, and I have trouble understanding this report and after talking with the cardiologist sounds like my cat is okay. It is now due for the check up, not sure what to do. Thank you in advance.

Report:

ACCESS CARDIOLOGY SERVICE

Consultation Summary for Star 08-10-2021

HISTORY: Date: 08-10-2021 Notes: Star is a 4.5 year old SF DMH cat that was presented for cardiac evaluation. Star has had heavier breathing recently and a cough for the past 2 days.

PHYSICAL FINDINGS: [CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM] BAR, MM pk/moist, CRT <2 sec, hydrated Regular rhythm, strong synchronous pulses, grade 3/6 left parasternal systolic heart murmur with no gallop ausculted, normal BV sounds bilaterally.

ASSESSMENT:

[DIAGNOSTICS]

1. Echocardiogram: LA (cm) 1.33 Ao (cm) 0.96 LA/Ao 1.38 IVSd (cm) 0.71 LVIDd (cm) 1.44 LVFWd (cm) 0.5 LVIDs (cm) 0.61 FS% 58 AV max (m/s) 4.67 PV max (m/s) 1.19

Left Ventricle: There is moderate concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (IVS > free wall) and normal chamber size. Systolic function is normal. Right Ventricle: The right ventricle is normal in chamber size, wall thickness, and function. Left Atrium: The left atrium is normal. There are no thrombi noted within the left atrium or left atrial appendage. Right Atrium: The right atrium is normal. Mitral Valve: The mitral valve is normal. There is mild chordal SAM. Tricuspid Valve: The tricuspid valve is normal. Pulmonic Valve: The pulmonic valve is normal. Aortic Valve: The aortic valve is normal. There is severe LVOT obstruction related to septal hypertrophy and SAM. There is no pleural or pericardial effusion.

2. Thoracic radiographs: radiologist review showed unremarkable thorax.

[DIAGNOSIS]

1. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy – severe LVOTO; ddx includes mitral valve dysplasia

2. Cough – noncardiac, consider feline asthma or other primary airway disease

3. Weight loss – noncardiac;

[ASSESSMENT]

Based on today’s cardiac evaluation, Star has been diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), a disease involving the muscle of the heart. In HOCM, there is idiopathic (cause unknown) hypertrophy (thickening) of the muscle fibers that make up the walls of the heart. This thickening mainly affects the muscular walls of the left ventricle (lower chamber). This th

Here is summary of Juventus news from Italy:

JuventusNews24

Juve press review: sports newspapers front pages - 4 January 2022

03 January 2022 - by JuventusNews24 Editorial Team

Rudiger Juve, the bianconeri sign up for the race for the zero signing! Details

03 January 2022 - by JuventusNews24 Editorial Team

LISTEN Listen to the audio version of the article Rudiger Juve: the Juventus club has inquired about the German defender who is expiring his contract with Chelsea.

The situation Juventus also signed up for the free transfer of Antonio Rudiger.

As reported by Gianluca Di Marzio in the course of L’Originale, on Sky Sport, the Juventus management inquired about the situation of the German defender.

The former Roma is expiring in June and has not yet renewed with Chelsea.

Juventus is at the window.

Latest Juve: Morata towards permanence, Scamacca goal

03 January 2022 - by JuventusNews24 Editorial Team

In the afternoon, in fact, there was a confrontation between Morata, Allegri and Juventus which reaffirmed the player's desire to keep him until the end of the season.

Latest Hours 18.10 - Due to a flu syndrome, Kaio Jorge and Luca Pellegrini did not take part in yesterday’s training for Juve.

Fiorentina is not a small club, but a great team in Italy, which has a tradition, fans, players.

Scamacca has played with Genoa and Sassuolo so far, it's not the same thing, I'd be curious to see him in Juventus.

Unless the same player asks to leave, in fact, the company has no plans to sell him that easily.

Julian Alvarez Juve, new contact with the agent. The latest

03 January 2022 - by JuventusNews24 Editorial Team

Listen to the audio version of the article Julian Alvarez Juve: Manchester United in contact with the agent of the Argentine jewel of River Plate.

Juventus also follows Julian Alvarez, jewel of River Plate in the sights of the Italian and European big names.

Manchester United's pressure is strong on the attacker.

As reported by Alfredo Pedullà, there has been a contact between Hidalgo, the player's agent

Do your worst!

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

They’re on standbi

It really does, I swear!

Pilot on me!!

Biol Sex Differ. 2021; 12: 52.Published online 2021 Sep 17. doi: 10.1186/s13293-021-00394-zPMCID: PMC8447586PMID: 34535195

Spatiotemporal AMPKα2 deletion in mice induces cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in males only

Lucile Grimbert,1 Maria-Nieves Sanz,1 Mélanie Gressette,1 Catherine Rucker-Martin,2 Marta Novotova,3 Audrey Solgadi,4 Ahmed Karoui,1 Susana Gomez,1 Kaveen Bedouet,1 Eric Jacquet,5 Christophe Lemaire,1,6 Vladimir Veksler,1 Mathias Mericskay,1 Renée Ventura-Clapier,1 Jérôme Piquereau,📷#1 and [Anne Garnier](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Garnier%20A%5BAuthor

26M | 68Kg | 5'10 | ECG and ECHO result. Should I be worried?

ECG Result:

• Sinus Arrhythmia
• Normal Axis
• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy By Voltage

Echo Result:

• Concentric Left Ventricular remodeling with good wall motion, contractility and resting systolic function (Left Ventricular Mass Index: 53g/m*^(2)* and Relative Wall thickness: 0.45)
• Normal Left Atrial Volume Index
• Normal Pulmonary Pressure

Brief Background:

Early September I did felt some palpitations and went to the ER and got my first ECG. The result was tachycardia and advised to monitor my BP. Since then I've been monitoring my Blood Pressure. Super rarely it goes up by 140/80, there are times it went over 130/80 but most of the time it is under 120/80. I record it in an excel and my average BP is 119/72.

My doctor advise me to take propranolol 10mg every morning and every night only on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.

My doctor is not worried at all and advise me to watch my diet and do regular exercise.

Just want to hear your thoughts and advises :)

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

You take away their little brooms

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

There hasn't been a post all year!

It’s pronounced “Noel.”

After all his first name is No-vac

What, then, is Chinese rap?

Edit:

Notable mentions from the comments:

• Spanish/Swedish/Swiss/Serbian hits

• French/Finnish art

• Country/Canadian rap

• Chinese/Country/Canadian rock

• Turkish/Tunisian/Taiwanese rap

There hasn't been a single post this year!

(Happy 2022 from New Zealand)

Bob

So that I could frequently say, "I am going to walk 5 miles now."

Edit: My most popular post on Reddit! 😀 Thank you for the awards.

Just to clarify, 12345678