Hi physicists/biophysicists/just really knowledgeable and smart people,
I am working in a lab and will be using a scintillation counter to measure radioactivity of my samples (proteins). I was wondering how this large machine works, but can't get myself to understand any really deep and complicated physics behind the machine. How does it work?
Thanks y'all
I have a new job as the Undergraduate Lab Director at a small catholic university in Indiana. We have a LS 6500 Scintillation Counter that has never been used since it was donated. We need more space and I have been approved to get rid of it (either sell, donate, or trash). I just want to dispose of it, how do I go about doing this (I know there is a sealed radiation source)?
I've done a bit of gamma ray spectroscopy, and I'm trying to interpret my results, but I don't know enough about scintillation counters.
So lets say a gamma ray comes in, generates and electron-positron pair, and then undergoes a few compton scattering events. The positron annihilates with an electron.
So, what gets measured by the photomultiplier? There are several different things all with different energies. There might be 3 or 4 gamma rays with different energies (traveling in different directions), a few electrons with different energies (also traveling in different directions), and maybe theres some interactions between the compton electrons and the scintillator that gives off some lower energy photons.
Can the detector "see" high energy gamma rays that don't undergo any scattering? Can it see the compton electrons? What about gamma rays and electrons that get scattered at some large angle (say, backwards and out of the detector)? Are these partially detected in some way, or are these completely invisible?
At first, I thought the scintillation counter was literally counting the number of photons with particular energies, but if that were true I cannot explain my results.
This week's edition of the Weekly Rockpile is all about the gear. Let's see your Geiger Counters, Scintillators, Gamma Ray Spectrometers, Dosimeters, etc. Vintage or modern. Working, or just a display. Hell, even if you don't have one but want to get one, post some pics and info. Let's see what you guys have!
I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.
Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.
"The problem with humanity is it is entirely populated by humans," - Scintillating Aurora, Digital Sentience, Pre-Glassing
"Task Force Aardvark is going to lightspeed," Commander Prevont said.
Admiral Smith just nodded, watching one of her displays. Slowly but surely each task force, separated from the massive armada she had deployed against the Lanaktallan, went to lightspeed, heading for a target.
Chronotron and graviton emissions had pinpointed literally hundreds of systems under attack by the Atrekna themselves. Intelligence had pointed out that the strategy relied on a heavy force of the Atrekna ruling class, not the Dwellerspawn.
Smith tried not to think about how many years, decades, or centuries had passed for the people within those systems so far, much less how much would pass before Space Force and their Lanaktallan auxiliary units arrive, much less liberate the system.
She stood up and moved over to the holotank, staring at the field of stars within. A faint coloration told her who the systems currently belonged to.
Where before it had been entirely shaded in the Unified Council's color, now it was a hodgepodge 3D quilt patchwork of various colors.
The Harmonous Empire held 100 systems. The MechLords of Terra held nearly double that, surrounding the Harmonous Empire to the south. The New Republic held thirty systems to the galactic north. The Cylon Protectorate held twelve systems to the south.
The LARPers have decided they don't want to play pretend any more, Smith thought to herself.
She could see the nine major Lanaktallan factions, nearly a dozen free systems that were the origin system of former Lanaktallan servant castes. Nearly thirty breakaway Lanaktallan factions, some of which were on the edge of the civil war, none of which were signatories to the Treaty of Dreams that had ended the Confederacy/Council War.
Then there was the Long Dark separating Council Space from Confederate Space.
Over three hundred systems inside the Long Dark had been taken by the Atrekna.
Military Intelligence put forward, and Admiral Smith agreed, that every one of those planet had indigenous life that the Atrekna intended to harness and harvest.
Admiral Smit
... keep reading on reddit ➡Do your worst!
I'm surprised it hasn't decade.
For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.
I said "hey look, an escaPEA"
No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!
Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂
It really does, I swear!
Buenosdillas
They’re on standbi
Pilot on me!!
INTRODUCTION
I have been researching this topic for many moons and am proud to say that I finally have my results. Before I deliver my findings I will outline the strengths and weaknesses of each mascot and the reasoning I used to determine the stronger mascot, this can be broken down into three main categories:
ABILITY TO INFLICT PAIN
This extremely important to a mascot's ability to win in a fight, they need to be able to punish the opposing mascot physically or mentally until they are no longer breathing.
ABILITY TO WITHSTAND PAIN
Being able to hurt an opponent does nothing if a mascot can't take a hit themselves.
MENTALITY
I would argue this is the most important aspect of a fight to the death, if a mascot does not have a killer instinct or refuses to kill then they will lose.
DATA
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Keep in mind I have used the species of mascot most native to Australia
| TEAM | STRENGTHS | WEAKNESSES |
|---|---|---|
| Adelaide Crows | 1. Can perform aerial attacks 2. Great evasive skills and speed 3. Not afraid of larger species | 1. Small and not very powerful 2. Easily spooked 3. Not likely to be on the front foot, as they tend to only attack in self defence |
| Brisbane/Fitzroy Lions | 1. Apex predator 2. Large, strong and fast with very damaging attacks 3. Possess a ruthlessness that will greatly impact battles | 1. Not typical for them to fight 1-on-1 (Could be too reliant on the pride) 2. Tend to only partake in fights they can easily win (Not used to a higher standard of opponent) |
| Carlton Blues (Depression) | 1. Can make the strongest of people feel great mental anguish 2. Negatively impacts opponents ability and willingness to fight 3. Very difficult to counter in a short period of time | 1. Can be suppressed through different types of treatment 2. Not always fatal |
| Collingwood Magpies | 1. Very aggressive, strong aerial attack capabilities 2. Great speed and strong beaks 3. Not afraid to take on bigger birds | 1. Usually attack larger birds in groups (May not be as strong 1-on-1) 2. Smaller compared to other mascots |
| Essendon Bombers | 1. Can cause extreme |
Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.
This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.
If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.
Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.
When I got home, they were still there.
I won't be doing that today!
Nothing, he was gladiator.
[Removed]
You take away their little brooms
This morning, my 4 year old daughter.
Daughter: I'm hungry
Me: nerves building, smile widening
Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.
She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.
Thank you all for listening.
There hasn't been a post all year!
The action is slowly ramping up.
Diviner Xzhan Jhurhoon – The Mouth – Grand Temple of the Mind
“Hear me and obey!” The Great Avatar’s voice came like a sudden wave into Xzhan’s mind. “Halt the swarm.”
Xzhan nodded and knelt down as his tentacles made a praying motion. “It is because of our failure, Oh Great One. We pray for your forgiveness, as we have once more shown the inadequacies of the weakness of our flesh.”
“No forgiveness is needed, Mouth, as it is the enemy’s strength that is new and strong!” The Avatar replied, confirming exactly what Mouth had already seen and heard from The Eyes and The Ears.
“It is nothing we haven’t overcome before, oh Great One!” Xzhan said as he bowed low in supplication. He knew the enemy was strong, but that they were both able to use magic to create such devastating blows that it would scar the surface of the planet, as well as hide in the cold and dark void from where they would cast such apocalyptic spells, that was something Xzhan had not seen before.
Other enemies, including those crab-like people they were fighting, were still struggling to even counter the simplest swarms they had to begin with. A million soldiers could easily gain a foothold, if not overwhelm most defenses. A single swarm of hundred million had already done enough to completely destroy the crab-like people’s resolve and determination to defend themselves. Already they were trying to surrender and be assimilated into a swarm of their own. As it stood, it would take a mere decade for them to be subsumed fully.
“But this new enemy is stronger than most others that we have found! You are young, Mouth, and do not know of all of our conflicts. The predecessor of your predecessor, slain by The Great One as punishment when he failed to warn five swarms of an enemy’s trap, he was faced with a similar enemy of this strength.” The Avatar spoke as Xzhan took the warning seriously, almost digging his head into the temple’s ground.
A thought went through Xzhan. A somewhat heretical thought that went counter to the main justification for their crusade. The thought that the enemy was capable of destroying 20% of a swarm in mere hours. While this didn’t make a dent into their reserve of swarms, it still was a high pace. More so, he had seen from The Eyes how the enemy seemed better in the cold
... keep reading on reddit ➡
What did 0 say to 8 ?
" Nice Belt "
So What did 3 say to 8 ?
" Hey, you two stop making out "
