I have some questions about the range of events that can be described with the titled llevar constructions. Well I don't have questions so much as I want to run through some different cases and see if I've come to the right conclusions. Feel free to use the markers to reference the examples (ie "E1 looks ok to me")

Starting with a summary of my understanding, we can use [llevar] with the gerund to describe an action that has been ongoing until the reference time (and still is ongoing, and incomplete) for some duration. And we can use [llever]+sin with the infinitive to describe something that hasn't happened for some time (and still hasn't at the final reference time). So for example:

• A1: Llevo fumando tres minutos.
  • I have been smoking for three minutes. (referring to a smoking session, not the habit of smoking)
• A2: Llevo tres años sin fumar.
  • I have not smoked for three years.

First, with regard to order: it seems like the order of the time clause and the gerund or sin+infinitive is flexible. But if either clause is complicated the time clause might pick up a preposition (like durante or por) to clarify it is the time clause. So the following three expressions are allowed and equivalent:

• B1: El Banco Europeo de Inversiones lleva siendo durante muchos años uno de los poderes más anónimos de la UE. (this example is from Linguee)
• B2: El Banco Europeo de Inversiones lleva muchos años siendo uno de los poderes más anónimos de la UE
• B3: El Banco Europeo de Inversiones lleva siendo uno de los poderes más anónimos de la UE durante muchos años.

Second, with regards to habituality vs actuality: it seems like llevar+gerundio can describe current events or something in the habitual sense:

• actual: C1: Llevo fumando dos minutos ese pucho.
  • I have been smoking this cigarette for two minutes.
• habitual: C2: Llevo fumando dos años esa marca de pucho.
  • I have been smoking this brand of cigarette for two years.

Third, with regards to telicity, telic actions don't work with llevar+gerund, but do with llevar+sin+infinitive

• telic and gerundio bad:
  • ## D1: Llevo dos minutos dibujando un circulo.
    • ## I have been drawing a circle for two minutes.
• atelic and gerundio ok:
  • D2: Llevo dos horas tratando de dibujar un circulo.
    • I have been trying to draw a circle for two hours.
  • D3: Llevo dos horas dibujando circulos.
    • I have been drawing circles for two hours.
• telic and sin+infinitive ok:
  • D4: Llevo

I've posted translations into Akiatu here and there on the subreddit, but not really anything substantive about its grammar. So here's a go at that.

(For anyone who also hangs out at the ZBB, this consolidates and slightly revises a couple of recent posts on the thread I have going there about Akiatu.)

The main issue here is telicity, but it connects with a bunch of other things. Fair warning: this is a long post.

Resultative complements

Akiatu verb phrases often feature resultative complements:

itamu apatu cí =tima         
Itamu spear set=be.ready(PFV)

"Itamu arranged the spears"

The resultative complement here is tima be ready. It shares its theme argument with the main verb: the spears both get set or arranged and end up ready for use. tima is a resultative complement because it tells you the result of the action described: Itamu arranges the spears, and as a result they are ready.

Morphophonological note: tima is a reduced form of utimwa, which can be used as a main verb with the same meaning. Verbs always undergo reduction to a CVCV template when they're used as resultatives. (It's a pattern more characteristic of partial reduplication, but I've got myself convinced it's naturalistic to use it here as well.)

(There's one very common resultative complement that doesn't correspond to a main verb, haja, which I'll usually gloss as away or out. This could derive from aja---the CVCV template requires an initial vowel even if the base doesn't supply one, and you get h before a. aja can't itself be used as a main verb, but it seems to be the root in ajatu throw.)

Now, I'm calling tima a resultative complement, but I could just as well call it a telic complement, because in describing the result of Itamu's action it also describes the end or goal of that action. You wouldn't use a resultative complement to describe a result that was accidental or otherwise unintended. The resultative has to tell you something about the nature or purpose of the event. In particular, it tells you what has to happen before the event will count as finished: Itamu is arranging spears, and she won't be finished till they're all ready.

The telic object

Notice: if I'm indicating that Itamu won't be finished until all the spears are ready, then I must have in mind a specific group of spears, or at least a specific number of spears. In fact, that's why I translated apatu as the spears.

This is

Serdic verbs decline according to tense, person, number, and telicity. There are also infinitive/verb-noun forms that are used with auxiliaries, as well as gerund forms.

Discounting person and number, this leaves:

• Present

• Past Perfect Telic

• Past Perfect Atelic

• Gerund

• Infinitive

###Telicity

Telicity is whether an action's intent is completed- for example:

Wa kniuppē az haima. - /wa kniʊpːeː az haɪm/ - 'I walked to [the] town.' (And I arrived)

Wa kniuppu az haima. - /wa kniʊpːu az haɪm/ - 'I was walking in the direction of [the] town.'

In the Varsk branch of Serdic, it is relexed as a perfect vs. imperfect system:

Va trandi arn heim. - /vɑː trɑndi ɑrn hɛɪm/ - 'I have went to the city.'

Va trǫnd arn heim - /vɑː trɔnd ɑrn hɛɪm/ - 'I went to the city.'

In the Blattic branch of Serdic, new forms have created the perfect construction, and the telic and atelic merged into the imperfect. This creates a vast amount of irregularity amongst verbs.

Cniucai á haimhean - /kʲnʲʊkˠi aː havʲənˠ/ - 'I went to the town.'

Tronn á haimhean - /tˠrˠɔnˠː aː havʲənˠ/ - 'I moved to the town.'

Some background info: I have had plantar fasciitis for 8 years. It has degenerated to the point where I'm in the worst foot pain I've ever experienced throughout the 8 years. Excruciating. I wear Hoka Bondi sneakers with 10 second ultimate arch insoles almost all the time when outside of the house and sometimes crocs. When I'm home I'm always in crocs. I also have wide feet.

I saw an ad for Telic on Instagram and was in the market for some recovery type shoes. I was considering oofos but they all looked ugly to me and I don't like flip flops. When I saw the Boise Bliss Telic, I liked the look like a cross between crocs and birkenstocks and thought that maybe they would look cute to wear out and about.

I received them around July 22nd. Took about a week to arrive. My initial impressions were NOT great. When they arrived they were on a little hanger with a "squeeze me" sticker on the heel cup which made them look cheap, like they were hanging up at payless shoes. I put them on and walked around my house and they HURT. My arch felt so sore. They also didn't look as cute as I had hoped - like plastic birkenstocks on a high wedge heel. My boyfriend made the comment that I looked like a 90s girl with my platform Birks on (platform flip-flops were all the rage back then). I felt like I was going to sprain my ankle because the platform of the shoe is more narrow than the footbed. I was so bummed. But I figured I need to give them more than a few days of wear to judge them fairly.

I've had them now for about 3 weeks and I can honestly say they were well and truly worth it.

My arches have adjusted and now they fit beautifully and I no longer have any soreness. It probably took about a week to adjust to the arch. I've adjusted to the height and no longer feel like I'm going to crack my ankles in half as well. I wear nothing but these at home. A couple times my crocs were more handy and I was SHOCKED by how terrible my crocs feel now compared to my Telics. These have ruined my crocs for me and I used to swear by those. I really feel the difference in terms of the arch support now and the extra squishy padding of my Telics is on another level.

The nice thing about the platform is it adds more cushioning under your foot. This also means the footbed isn't as narrow. The adjusting birkenstock style straps also means you can make them fit a wider foot comfortably.

I've worn them outside of the house a couple times but the colour I got, seafoam green, doesn't match

I just purchased a pair of Telic recovery slides that look like crocs crossed with birkenstocks. My crocs are not cutting it at home anymore and my heel pain is tremendous. Will let you guys know what these are like.

[SQUAD] Operation Telic: Extraction – Saturday 18th April 19:00 UTC

Where?

This event will be played on our event server in the custom tab of Squad. The password for the server will be provided in our Teamspeak during the pre-event briefing.

Teamspeak Address: projectawesome.net

When?

Saturday, April 18th

Squad Lead Briefing @ 18:30 UTC

Pre-Event Briefing @ 18:45 UTC

Event Start @ 19:00 UTC

Timezone converter

Make sure you have read our Event Guidelines: PA Squad Event Rules

1. Operation Telic: Extraction Trailer:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ic_NcAoC2aw

2. Situation:

The British Forces just received intel that yesterday afternoon the British Ambassador was on his way to meet the Iraqi Prime Minister to settle new oil deals for Great Britain. When entering the city, his convoy was ambushed. Insurgent Forces have taken him hostage and moved him to a safe house located in the city of Al Basrah. The Insurgents are waiting for orders to begin torturing him.

3. Mission:

The British Forces must gather intel to locate him and remove any hostile enemy before extracting the Ambassador out by helicopter.

The Insurgents must secure the city and prevent the British from extracting him at all costs.

4. Sign-up

There are fixed roles for this event please select the role when signing up.

IGN (in game name) | Team: GB – INS | Kit | I know what time the event starts & time zone

GB Kits:

Squad 1 - (‘Silencers’)

Squad Leader: HeliGreen

Medic: Tikas

Medic: ReynoldsDK

Rifleman: (-=robfer=-)

Automatic Rifleman: SniperMonkeyUK87

Machine Gunner: Cpt. Poyick

Light Anti-Tank: OneTap

Grenadier: Fax

Marksman: deltars

Squad 2 - (‘Hunters’)

Squad Leader: Commander Bear

Medic: XEED

Medic: Frosty

Rifleman: v i b e

Automatic Rifleman: Weksy

Machine Gunner: Bulbasaur

Light Anti-Tank: The Sen Dog

Grenadier: Militant

Marksman: mosyy

INS Kits:

Squad 1 – (‘Butchers’)

Cell Leader: Williams

Medic: Honeybunch

Fighter (Rifleman): Sladan

Raider: Nut

Automatic Rifleman: freshOJ

Marksman: Greg

Squad 2 – (‘Samurais’)

Cell Leader: [PA] Spud

Medic: BeardedDuckWitch

Fighter (Rifleman): inchape

Raider: Andy

Automatic Rifleman: Cl0wnB0y

Sapper: [SNGE] Samy

Squad 3 -

After Action Report: Operation Telic: Border War

https://preview.redd.it/4j4tsnm36l051.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=e5adf2f17abef83298f007c743a6532477a2d082

Thanks for attending CorruptAfrican event. There was some amazing gameplay and we would love to know your thought on:

- The story and mission
- Strengths (what worked well)
- Challenges (what could we change in future)
- Recommendations

This really helps us to plan any further events!

Do your worst!

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

I saw in a video that uses: "Osea, no creo que se lo haya comido" to mean "I don't think that he has eaten it".

Why would "se" be used in this case when there's only one direct object with "lo"? I have seen this construction in several places and it always makes me confused. Thank you for your help!

They’re on standbi

There is a passage on the Telic II grimoire card, do we still call them that? Anyway it goes:

>"Mara," said Uldren Queensbrother, "why do you forbid me to speak to the Ahamkara?"
>
>"This secret is mine alone," said Mara Queen. She knew that her brother had only widened the gap between He-As-Was (which is called NUME) and he He-As-He-Would-Be (which is named CAUST). "Begone to the outer world, where I require thee."

There is a lot of mention of Reality-As-Is and Reality-As-Desired and how the gap between the two is pretty much non-existent for Mara Sov. But when she talks about her brother she names him NUME and CAUST, what are the significance of these terms?

Pilot on me!!

Introduction

###Nāgārjuna

>I bow down to the most sublime of speakers, the completely awakened one who taught contingency (no cessation, no birth, no annihilation, no permanence, no coming, no going, no difference, no identity) to ease fixations.

                 ^(Caste iron, caste marble)^(.)

###Shexiang Sheng

>The bloodline of the teachers of the school, the ordinary or holy, Nagarjuna, Vasubandhu, heaven, hell, boiling water in cauldrons, coals of furnaces, oxhead soldiers of hell, myriad forms, sun, moon, stars and planets, other regions, this land, sentient beings, inanimate things (drawing a line with his hand) all enter this school.
>
>In this school it is possible to kill and also possible to give life.
>
>To kill you need a killing sword, to give life you need a life-giving expression.
>
>What are the killing sword and life-giving expression?
>
>Anyone who can say, come forth and try to tell everyone.
>
>If you can't say, you are failing your everyday life.

                 ^(Glowing steel!)

• Shobogenzo recognises Master Sheng

• Master Sheng recognises Nāgārjuna

• Master Sheng builds a dog flap for the portcullis.

Nāgārjuna - Founder of Madhyamaka School

>“By seeing [their] lack of existence by nature, the thirst for conjoining with the good and the thirst for disjoining from difficulty are destroyed. Thus there is release."

Diogenes Laërtius' biography reports that Pyrrho^([360-270 BCE]) traveled with Alexander the Great's army during their campaigns in India.^([327-325 BCE])

Nāgārjuna^([150-250 CE]) was active in a period a short while after Sextus Empiricus^([160-210 CE]) a renowned Greek skeptic, but well after the time of Pyrrho.

>Pyrrho claimed that all pragmata (matters, affairs, questions, topics) are adiaphora, anepikrita and astathmēta.Therefore, neither our senses nor our beliefs and theories are able to identify truth or falsehood.

Nāgārjuna is apparently reflect

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

[Squad] Operation Telic: Border War – Saturday 23rd May 19:00 UTC

Where?

This event will be played on our event server in the custom tab of Squad. The password for the server will be provided in our Teamspeak during the pre-event briefing.

Teamspeak Address: projectawesome.net

When?

Saturday, May 23rd

Squad Lead Briefing @ 18:30 UTC

Pre-Event Briefing @ 18:45 UTC

Event Start @ 19:00 UTC

BE ON TIME FOR YOUR BRIEFING

Timezone Converter

Make sure you have read our Event Guidelines: PA Squad Event Rules

1. Operation Telic: Border War Trailer:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JX8mtWfQ010&t=3s

2. Situation:

The British Forces had to make a quick extract out of Al Basrah after the Ambassador was killed in his safe house. Unfortunately, OneTap did not make it to the extraction in time. The Insurgent Forces handed him over to the Russian Militia so they could integrate and learn about some of the British movements and tactics against them.

3. Mission:

The British Ground Forces must clear a path through the Russian border and if OneTap is located then move to get him through to a small town where they can take refuge for the night. The British Special Air Service will have to locate OneTap and group up with the ground forces to get him through.

The Militia must fortify the border crossing and prevent the British from taking refuge in the town.

4. Sign-up

There are fixed roles for this event please select the role when signing up.

IGN (in-game name) | Team: GB – MIL | Kit | I know what time the event starts & time zone

GB Kits:

Squad 1 - (‘Silencers’)

Squad Leader: Woods

Medic: Garamanda

Medic: The Apple Man

Rifleman: v i b e

Automatic Rifleman: cripple

Machine Gunner: Rattex

Light Anti-Tank: jM

Grenadier: Traffic

Marksman: Newbie Turtl

Squad 2 - (‘Hunters’)

Squad Leader: Commander bear

Medic: Cl0wnB0y

Medic: Wolf ZA

Rifleman: XEED

Automatic Rifleman: S810

Machine Gunner: ThePriest

Light Anti-Tank: Storm Trooper

Grenadier: ItsJustSmith

Marksman: jsy_james

Squad 3 – (‘SAS’)

Squad Leader: PabbyEscobabes

Medic: Kuji

Rifleman: epic redditor

Rifleman: Genral_Mac

Automatic Rifleman: deltars

MIL Kits:

Squad 1 – (‘Butchers’)

Squad Leader: FreshOJ

For example, if you find something, that thing is found indefinitely until something changes it like losing or forgetting, while a room is searched only as long as you search it.

Another example could be that if a person is killed, that action is permanent, and they aren't alive again as soon as you stop killing them.

I suppose the best way I can put it is that one type of verb changes an object, while the other is keeping it a certain way.