That is all.

I was following a course on an online course until I found this image,

Is there a type of cell that is directly connected to the bloodstream so they can send their nutrient right away in the blood or should they secrete in the interstitial fluid first in order to reach the blood?

https://preview.redd.it/jhtd7zswm9b51.png?width=740&format=png&auto=webp&s=d65d18b3bdf1ee233ff130dbac8b2105f2f531c4

I miss you so much. I physically ache to be near you. You fill every moment between my thoughts of not thinking about you. I miss waking up in the middle of the night to see your name on my phone with music to keep me going. I miss seeing your texts. I feel you disengaging and I'm unwilling to let you go. I try to keep it light and friendly but now it's turning into a deep deep burning desire that is getting harder to keep hidden. I can't bring myself to play the game it takes to keep you. It feels so put on. Let me love you! I LOVE YOU!

Trying to get some definitions down. Wikipedia has two different pages – one for extracellular matrix and one for extracellular fluid. In the page for extracellular matrix it mentions also interstitial matrix however there is no page for linked to IM. There is however a page for interstitial fluid, which I gather is a major component of ECM along with plasma. I found a source saying they are the same but why is there two separate pages for each then?

Can someone explain interstitial fluid and how it relates to the nervous system? What would be the effects of changing compositions of components of the interstitial fluid?

I understand the pressure differences and how it is made and returned to circulation.

body water volume =45 liter

plasma volume =4.5 liter

hematocrit of 45% an extra cellular fluid volume of 14 liters

plasma osmolarity of 300mOsm/liter

it is asking for interstitial fluid voluime. am i just subtracting extracellular fluid volume -plasma volume = 14L-4.5L = 9.5L thats about it right??

Hi Guys,

I don't understand what the numbers are saying here. Here is the link to the Guyton image: How can Capillary pressure of 7mmHg, osmotic pressure of -14mmHg and negative interstitial fluid pressure of 8mmHg equal to outward force of 29 mmHg? What I don't get is that there is Negative pressures there so how can it all add up to 29mmHg? So confused! Thank you for your help!

https://www.google.com.au/search?q=guyton+pressures+causing+fluid+movement&rlz=1C1WPZA_enAU627AU629&espv=2&biw=1122&bih=807&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=wH0WVZrtFejJmAW2vYHoBg&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&dpr=1.5#tbm=isch&q=capillary+exchange+of+fluid+in+the+lungs+and+pulmonary+interstitial+fluid+dynamics&imgdii=_&imgrc=qWLnjEgxsBa3yM%253A%3BoWpWR9nQ2Rr25M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%252Fchap38-140430105703-phpapp02%252F95%252Fchap-38-34-638.jpg%253Fcb%253D1398873491%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.slideshare.net%252Fomar1k1%252Fchap-38%3B638%3B479

I need to describe what is happening in the three fluid compartments in my patient. Patient has local edema due to a sprained ankle. I know that increased capillary permeability would cause fluid and solutes to flow from vascular tissue to the interstitial fluid, so I've got two compartments covered.

I can't for the life of me find any information on fluid shifts between tissue cells and interstitial space when there is edema in a situation like this patient.

Okay so. Dawn effect occurs when hormones (including cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine) are released by the body, causing the liver to release glucose. I get the process.

I wear a Freestyle Libre and every morning I get a large mismatch between my glucometer and the libre which disappears after a few hours.

What I'm trying to understand is why. I get a feeling that it's to do with the difference between digested glucose and released stores of glucose and how they are being released to blood/interstitial fluid. Digested hits both, with a slight delay for interstitial fluid. Released stores from the liver only seem to hit blood.

Interestingly when I have periods of brief activity I get the biggest difference between blood and interstitial fluid also. Blood glucose is much lower than interstitial fluid, I suspect this is due to muscle glycogen release impacting interstitial fluid, but not blood glucose.

Can anyone with a better understanding of the mechanisms give a clearer explanation or confirm this theory.

Thanks in advance, p.s. I've read the book Diabetic Athaltetes Handbook and it doesn't fully explain the above in enough clarity I feel.

I'm a type 1 diabetic with questions about Blood glucose and glycogen storage usage during exercise and I'm trying to understand the mechanism of glycogen release/ingested glucose, and its effect on blood sugar and interstitial sugar level.

This question is drifting into sports science, so I'm trying to find a sub with the right kind of knowledge. I'm happy to be more specific with my question if I'm in the right territory.

EDIT: Okay, I'm likely to crosspost but any help is greatly appreciated. Simply put, I'm 70kg type 1 diabetic (3 years) who is trying to maintain his exercise levels and avoid low blood sugars.

Now here comes the confusion, and I'm probably a little guilty of trying to do as much reading as I could without some of the background understanding. I've recently taken the choice to support my traditional blood glucose monitor, with a Freestyle Libre CGM which alternatively reads Interstitial fluid to deliver it's reading. This allows me to see a trend graph as it captures multiple readings as opposed to traditional 'snapshots' of blood glucose monitor, I now use both during exercise to try and keep my blood suagrs within a specified range.

I have problems with sustaining blood glucose during exercise, and the issues seem to be forming a pattern that I am now beginning to appreciate since I now have trend data to see, the pattern is as follow.

My exercise pattern is 45mins of high intensity cycling (160bmp), before I start exercising I consume 60g of Dextrose and ensure that I have zero insulin in my system, so I'm a blank canvas almost starting my exercise. My levels rise slowly and then settle within my range for about 35mins, then spike sharply over the next 5 mins and then crash me into low blood sugar over the next 5 mins.

As a 70kg male athlete my stored liver glycogen 90g and muscle glycogen 400g. From my understanding during hard exercise, carbohydrate glycogen can be depleted at a rate of 3-4 grams per minute. But that consumed carbohydrates are the primary source of energy before glycogen stores are utilised.

Going with that understanding, I should have plenty of carbohydrates/Glycogen onboard to avoid going low over 45 mins. I can see that my initial ingestion of dextrose is fueling my body initially, but then at some point that stops being enough to keep me in range. The next thing I see is that my blood sugars spike quite a lot, so my first question is whether or not glycogen is released into the intersitial flui

**[FOUND THE SOLN:

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b19gt/how_does_blood_get_to_every_cell/cj1i9bz/

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b19gt/how_does_blood_get_to_every_cell/cj11o8q/ ]**

I was reading up on blood and lymph consituents and read about interstitial fluids being mainly plasma and other stuff.

Also this comment talks about the chances of cross reactivity between Hg and other constituents around.

> Hb also does react with components in the blood, and it's a good idea to keep it apart from the rest of the plasma

I understand that ATP is involved. I'm just trying to understand how this works. My guess is that the oxygen in RBC is converted to ATP after it is delivered to the tissue cells. So what holds the oxygen when it is in the interstitial fluids ?

**[FOUND THE SOLN:

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b19gt/how_does_blood_get_to_every_cell/cj1i9bz/

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b19gt/how_does_blood_get_to_every_cell/cj11o8q/ ]**

Hello,

I squeeze my finger when I prick it. However, if I don't squeeze, I get almost no blood out after wiping off the initial drop. I have tried running my hand under warm water for a minute, shaking it, etc and they don't work. I may just have poor circulation.

Anyway, how bad does squeezing out blood affect my numbers? I think I've been doing not too bad, but hopefully its just not me squeezing my fingers giving me false hope that my meds, diet and workouts are actually working.

Hi! Using Dexcom for a year now. Its usually pretty spot on. Earlier, I was 247 on Dexcom and was 209 on AccuChek. I just compared the results again. Dexcom read 123, glucose meter read 92. Which one is probably closer to my real glucose?

What are the reasons you can think of?

I spent a night in the hospital last weekend because they thought I might have appendicitis (luckily I didn’t). I spent the night getting morphine and nausea meds and they released me to go home the next morning. I went to the bathroom and when I looked in the mirror I noticed around my neck and jawline were really swollen but not really painful. I showed my MIL who is a nurse and she said it was my lymph nodes that were swollen, meaning there might be an infection. We called the hospital but they said not to worry about it but if it hadn’t gone down by Monday to get it checked out. Luckily the swelling went down and I’m fine but I still don’t really understand what a lymph node is to begin with.

Humans are Weird – Just Shy, Just a Little Shy

Original Post: http://www.authorbettyadams.com/bettys-blog/humans-are-weird-just-shy-just-a-little-shy

" Have you heard the news Eight Sister," Fourth cousin Demanded as she came skittering aroudn the abrupt ninety degree corner of the base.

Eighth Sister flared her frill in warning a moment too late as Fourth Cousin smacked her joint against the wooden beams with a sickening cracking sound. Fourth Cousin’s long, luxurious frill clamped down around her neck and shoulders, the pretty turquoise colors of joyful excitement on her membrane fading to dull gray as the pain reached her primary processing nodes. Eighth Sister didn’t bother scolding her hivemate for her carelessness, the cousin was barely old enough to have molted her legs more than once. It wasn’t the place of an Eighth Sister to question the wisdom of three mothers and two Grandmothers but for the life of her she couldn’t see why they had sent this pretty little bud out for her required civil service at all, let alone so early in her life. With dozens of elder sisters and cousins, and even more than one brother, out doing their duty for the community at large a cousin who might have been a second sister in her own right was really better suited to playing with the petals in her father’s garden than braving the dangers of the galaxy at large.

“It does hurt,” Fourth Cousin managed to click out in Mother as Eighth Sister examined the damaged joint.

“It know it does my green one,” Eighth Sister clicked softly back. “Just stay still.”

“I think I can walk to the medical ward,” Fourth Cousin said, as she tried to stand from where she had slid down against the wall.

“Do not bother,” Eighth Sister said, letting her antenna curl in amusement. “You would not want to make the humans feel useless would you? I’ve already radioed for one.”

“Why would my walking to the medical ward make a human feel useless?” Fourth Cousin asked.

Her pain tight antenna relaxed a bit at the curious statement, and Eighth Sister took that as a good sign. It helped distract them both from the fact that interstitial fluid was leaking out of her damaged joint.

“What is the point of having the base crawling with giant mammals who love nothing better than carrying people around if you don’t let them carry you around when it is useful?” Eighth Sister asked, quirking her mandibles in

Perhaps my searching skills are shity but I haven't found a single sketch of how exactly are our organs and cells (skin,liver, and the like... (except for the brain, at least that one I can imagine)) are connected to the circulatory system.

I understand that my arm muscle cells need to constantly get new blood so to expel waste and receive new proteins\oxygen and etc, but how on earth is it connected to my capillaries? There are billions\trillions of sedentary cells in the human body (as opposed to cells which floats in our nutrition soup(blood)\lymph\ and etc), I doubt that each of them has its own feeding tube (blood vessel).

I could imagine how in CERTAIN organs there could be like a membrane, a sack of cells with one tube to wash all of those cells with blood so the fluid still stays within the closed circulatory system, but : a)is it true? b) how does it work with other cells (like the skin or the muscles)?

This is my mom's CT scan results. We thought it was emphysema or COPD, but it looks like it's lung cancer. I know this doesn't look good. I'm scared. She is 74 & has been not doing well. She was fine her entire life, healthy as a horse, then started coughing & needed an inhaler a few weeks ago. And now here we are. Wanted to know if anyone would be up for explaining it to me like I'm a toddler before her biopsy. Thank u so much.

CT SCAN:

​There is extensive bulky adenopathy along the lower cervical region and mediastinum. A large mass along the subcarinal region is seen occluding the bronchus intermedius and extending into the medial aspect of the right lower lobe. Partial encasement of the right lower lobe pulmonary artery is noted. Measures approximately 5.6 cm in AP dimension by 8.3 cm in transve​​rse dimension by 8.4 cm in craniocaudal dimension. The mass compresses the esophagus posteriorly. Large left lower cervical lymph node measures 3.7 x 4.1 cm. Large right paratracheal and left paratracheal adenopathy is seen descending into the prevascular space. Mild tendinopathy also seen along the right anterior mediastinum and along the right internal mammary region.

Complete right middle lobe atelectasis is noted. There is patchy nodular subpleural airspace consolidation along the right lower lobe with a trace amount of pleural fluid, likely neoplastic etiology.

Mild subpleural airspace opacity posteriorly in the right upper lobe is seen. There is diffuse fine reticular interstitial opacity bilaterally, possibly early fibrosis.

Diffuse liver metastases are seen with extensive bulky periportal adenopathy.

No bony destructive lesions are seen.

IMPRESSION:

1. Mass or nodal conglomerate in the subcarinal space extending towards the right side, occluding the bronchus intermedius and extending into the medial aspect of the right lower lobe, suspicious for bronchogenic carcinoma. Extensive bulky central and lower cervical adenopathy. Diffuse liver metastases. Nodular subpleural opacities in the right lower lobe inferiorly compatible with metastases. Bulky periportal adenopathy.

2. Nonspecific reticular interstitial densities diffusely, suggesting mild, early interstitial fibrosis. More confluent airspace consolidation posteriorly in the right upper lobe which may be infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic.

3. Complete atelectasis of the right middle lobe related to obstruction of th

A comprehensive guide to the scientific understanding of the Void.

Understanding the Void

>"That's right, it doesn't make sense. It's the void. " — Quantis Rhee

Of all the many concepts the Destiny universe has introduced to us, perhaps none evoke as much confusion and mystery as the Void. Many definitions abound. Some believe the Void to be gravity or dark matter. Some believe it is nothingness or the absence. Still others believe it is the line between Light and Dark or that it is neither.

As we will see, all of these definitions hint at a greater truth and my hopes in this post is to help make the Void a little easier to understand and grasp. Now I have spoken about the Void a few times (see here, here and here) but I wanted to dedicate this post specifically to the Void and it's understanding.

Throughout this post, water and by extension the ocean will be a common theme in order to help make the Void easier to visualize and understand. As we will see the parallels between the two are quite apt.

Full disclosure, this post is long, my longest by far. But stick with it and I guarantee by the time you finish reading it you will feel one step closer to understanding the true nature of the Void.

What exactly is the Void?

>"We do not ask this question. Well, Ikora might. But I do not." —Saint-14

The concept of the Void is well known to philosophy as "the concept of nothingness manifested". It is also closely related to the concept of Chaos in Western cosmogony referring to the void state preceding the creation of the universe or cosmos. Thus we understand the Void to relate to both a place and a power associated with Creation.

But like many things in the Destiny universe there is both a philosophical or spiritual element as well as a scientific element to it's understanding. Often Destiny is adept at blending the two. The Void is no exception. This post will primarily be focusing on the latt

Hello All - This is my first time posting anywhere on Reddit. Am back at home recovering in bed and wanted to share my story in case it helps anyone in a similar position.

My partner and I had been trying to conceive since October. We have one daughter – 3.5 years old – who is amazing, and thought it would be best to try for a second before I turned 39 this summer. In early May, I tested positive with a couple of home pregnancy tests the week I was expecting my period. I then set an appointment with the OB/GYN for what I assumed would be at the 7-week mark to date the pregnancy and assess viability. The transvaginal ultrasound, however, showed very little – just a tiny bubble that looked a lot smaller than what the gestational sac should have looked like, with a thick uterine lining. My HCG levels that day were 1500. A follow up appointment was set for 10 days later (at my urging, because the office wanted to do it 14 days later). That weekend, however, I had what I assumed was a typical miscarriage – I had a lot of cramping and passed a lot of blood, including a large empty sac-looking thing (approx. 2 inches by 1.5 inches). I informed my OB/GYN and then four days later went in for a follow up.

At this follow up a regular abdominal sonogram was done, which showed a thin uterine lining and empty uterus. There was a cyst on my ovary that they thought was normal due to recent ovulation, but nothing else was seen that raised cause for suspicion. The next day, I found out my HCG levels were even higher – 1800 – but my follow up appointment was set for a week later to monitor (Thursday morning).

Tuesday night, however – around 11:30 pm – I started experiencing a lot of pain in the abdomen. At first it felt more like horrible gas/cramps, and I thought it was in reaction to something I ate. It reminded me of bad pain I had when I had gone to central America years prior and drank unpasteurized milk…so I decided to stay home for while to see if it would go away. My husband was working out of state and I had no one to watch my daughter, which also added to my hesitancy to going to the ER unnecessarily. The pain then subsided a bit and I was able to rest for a while…but a few hours later it worsened and started to spread into my chest and shoulders when I would breathe. I called my primary care physician to leave a message with the 24 hour emergency line – when they called me back a few moments later, they urged me to call the OB/GYN when that office opened at

I recently got a trial of the new freestyle libre from my dr and it keeps saying that it’s LO but I checked it with the libre 2 and it was 152. Why doesn’t it recalibrate or anything it’s driving me nuts anyone have any advice to help with this? It’s a trial run so I only have this one sensor but is been pretty decent all day until now.

I was always taught that since albumin is a large molecule, when given to patients who are edematous/third spacing it “pulls” fluid from the extra vascular space into the blood vessels where it can be filtered out by the kidneys. Basically every patient in my career getting diuresed for CHF gets albumin and when I run dialysis they always have PRN albumin orders.

One of our docs is from France and basically told me that’s an American thing and that they don’t believe it works that way in Europe and that it has poor evidentiary support to back it up. I was surprised to hear that because it’s use is so ubiquitous in the US.

So, smart doctor peeps of Reddit: Does albumin actually work the way I was taught it does back in nursing school, or is it one of those things we do that doesn’t really have the evidence to back it up?

Also why are albumin levels always low in the ICU? I’ve been told it’s used as a part of the inflammatory response by our RDs but I would love a more in depth answer!

Phil

A comprehensive guide to the scientific understanding of the Void.

Understanding the Void

>"That's right, it doesn't make sense. It's the void. " — Quantis Rhee

Of all the many concepts the Destiny universe has introduced to us, perhaps none evoke as much confusion and mystery as the Void. Many definitions abound. Some believe the Void to be gravity or dark matter. Some believe it is nothingness or the absence. Still others believe it is the line between Light and Dark or that it is neither.

As we will see, all of these definitions hint at a greater truth and my hopes in this post is to help make the Void a little easier to understand and grasp. Now I have spoken about the Void a few times (see here, here and here) but I wanted to dedicate this post specifically to the Void and it's understanding.

Throughout this post, water and by extension the ocean will be a common theme in order to help make the Void easier to visualize and understand. As we will see the parallels between the two are quite apt.

Full disclosure, this post is long, my longest by far. But stick with it and I guarantee by the time you finish reading it you will feel one step closer to understanding the true nature of the Void.

What exactly is the Void?

>"We do not ask this question. Well, Ikora might. But I do not." —Saint-14

The concept of the Void is well known to philosophy as "the concept of nothingness manifested". It is also closely related to the concept of Chaos in Western cosmogony referring to the void state preceding the creation of the universe or cosmos. Thus we understand the Void to relate to both a place and a power associated with Creation.

But like many things in the Destiny universe there is both a philosophical or spiritual element as well as a scientific element to it's understanding. Often Destiny is adept at blending the two. The Void is no exception. This post will primarily be focusing on the latt

Hello All - This is my first time posting anywhere on Reddit. Am back at home recovering in bed and wanted to share my story in case it helps anyone in a similar position.

My partner and I had been trying to conceive since October. We have one daughter – 3.5 years old – who is amazing, and thought it would be best to try for a second before I turned 39 this summer. In early May, I tested positive with a couple of home pregnancy tests the week I was expecting my period. I then set an appointment with the OB/GYN for what I assumed would be at the 7-week mark to date the pregnancy and assess viability. The transvaginal ultrasound, however, showed very little – just a tiny bubble that looked a lot smaller than what the gestational sac should have looked like, with a thick uterine lining. My HCG levels that day were 1500. A follow up appointment was set for 10 days later (at my urging, because the office wanted to do it 14 days later). That weekend, however, I had what I assumed was a typical miscarriage – I had a lot of cramping and passed a lot of blood, including a large empty sac-looking thing (approx. 2 inches by 1.5 inches). I informed my OB/GYN and then four days later went in for a follow up.

At this follow up a regular abdominal sonogram was done, which showed a thin uterine lining and empty uterus. There was a cyst on my ovary that they thought was normal due to recent ovulation, but nothing else was seen that raised cause for suspicion. The next day, I found out my HCG levels were even higher – 1800 – but my follow up appointment was set for a week later to monitor (Thursday morning).

Tuesday night, however – around 11:30 pm – I started experiencing a lot of pain in the abdomen. At first it felt more like horrible gas/cramps, and I thought it was in reaction to something I ate. It reminded me of bad pain I had when I had gone to central America years prior and drank unpasteurized milk…so I decided to stay home for while to see if it would go away. My husband was working out of state and I had no one to watch my daughter, which also added to my hesitancy to going to the ER unnecessarily. The pain then subsided a bit and I was able to rest for a while…but a few hours later it worsened and started to spread into my chest and shoulders when I would breathe. I called my primary care physician to leave a message with the 24 hour emergency line – when they called me back a few moments later, they urged me to call the OB/GYN when that office opened at 8