Can someone explain the differences/ how to distinguish between Treisman's Attenuation Theory, Broadbent Early Selection Model, and Deutsch & Deutsch late selection theory?

Every time I see these Miledown Cards my brain just takes a gamble that its one of these 3 but tbh I don't even really understand their underlying concepts.

Thanks :)

Does this acronym make sense to anyone?

https://preview.redd.it/7a59xur7ozl61.png?width=997&format=png&auto=webp&s=650a5ec164e3468b644efff20cf4596af96d24e8

I am probing the same signal but I get a different shape when I change the attenuation on my probe,

Here is what it looks like with 1:1 attenuation (Same as simulation)

http://i.imgur.com/aiey7.png

(Yellow)

With 1:10 attenuation

http://i.imgur.com/PGsKW.png

(Cyan)

Here is a close up of this weird high freqeuncy ripple http://i.imgur.com/ZTTjz.png

(Cyan) with 1:10 attenuation (They are not there at all with 1:10)

PS: this is the wave form over a capacitor.

Recap of Part 1

FVC means "field-vectored craft," i.e., UFO(s).

We learned in Part 1:

• While landed on the ground, even smaller FVC are massive, i.e., have considerable mass around 30 tons (27,000 kgs).
• FVC are about as dense as a submarine and several times denser than aircraft, having around 96 percent the density of water.
• FVC are hard, solid, physical objects similar to metal.
• We have observed FVC at velocities of 5,000 to 9,000 mph (8,000 to 14,500 kph), with straight line and angular accelerations in the region of 100 times the acceleration of gravity. Although the accelerations are large for the size of the craft, human technology from the 1950s packaged electronics into smaller projectiles capable of withstanding 7,000 to 9,000 gs.
• The reason some craft appear as orbs of different colors is because the craft's propulsion system creates ionized and excited air molecules, namely a "plasma." Larger craft that use the most energy have a blue or ultraviolet plasma, while smaller craft that use less energy appear as red, orange, yellow, or green. The luminosity of a craft will increase as it puts out more power for high acceleration maneouvers. The plasma surrounding a craft often obscures an observer's ability to see the craft itself behind the plasma.
• The observed accelerations and velocities can be achieved with a high thrust-to-mass ratio. There is no need to presume FVC use exotic technology to reduce the mass of the craft while in flight. In general, all of the observables can be explained by established physics without resorting to speculative hypotheses. Finally, acceleration is not instantaneous but rather takes a non-zero amount of time, although the craft's swiftness may appear instantaneous to the naked eye.

Section IV: Radiation from FVC in the X-ray or Gamma Range

Date: January 30, 1973

Location: Lexington, Alabama

Witnesses: Bill Rogers, APRO Field investigator, and two other unnamed individuals.

Description: Rogers went to Lexington to investigate reports of FVC in the area, which began a month prior on December 27, 1972. Rogers, along with two other members of the investigation team, observed a yellowish-orange-white light moving slowly above tree-top level.

>After about a minute, the object moved up about 40 feet, and they could see that it had a shape between a sphere and an egg (ellipsoidal). It then descended

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

In a September 2021 article published in multibillionaire Michael Bloomberg's news agency, ultraliberal economist Tyler Cowen effusively praised the "wokeist" movement and defined it as America's next great cultural export.

Coined as part of the Black Lives Matter movement protests organized after the 2014 assassination of Michael Brown, the term "Wokeism" (from the English "woke", or "awakened") was originally used to describe a trend about awareness regarding racism. Since then, the concept of the term has broadened to include, in addition to racial awareness, topics such as fighting social injustice, feminism, and LGBT activism, but with an increasingly market-oriented bias and strong influence from the cultural industry. It is related, in this way, to the so-called "identity agendas", which in the United States are traditionally linked to progressive liberalism.

At first glance, the praise for "Wokeism" coming from a right-wing economist who has Friedrich Hayek as his intellectual reference could seem contradictory. A closer analysis, however, shows that Cowen's ultraliberal thought and the compatible progressivism of the "Wokeist" movement have more similarities than differences. Liberal identitarianism focuses on denying the centrality of class struggle. It rejects an understanding of the relations of exploitation and subordination and the structural character of social problems in favor of a tribalistic, club-based, individualistic approach. It is, therefore, a useful tool for adapting social conflicts to the logic of the market economy, allowing not only the attenuation and control of tensions and the disarticulation of collective struggles, but also the creation of new market niches.

The strategy is not new. In the book Who Paid the Piper? The CIA in the Culture Cold War", British historian Frances Stonor Saunders details how the tactic of demobilizing social movements and co-opting the left in favor of a "controlled radicalism" works. For decades, the United States government funded academics, intellectuals, artists, and social and cultural movements to counter Marxist influence and reinforce its interests. The idea was to create an anti-revolutionary progressivism, curbing the adherence of intellectuals to socialism and anti-capitalist ideologies. This created a series of movements that were sufficiently contesting to create the illusion of opposition, while being structurally harmless, manipulable, and compatible with the interests of capita

TL;DR – Ramirez is justified, Harry is still a warden, and Langtry wins big here. Prove me wrong. This is probably the longest post I’ve ever made on reddit, complete with a brief sample dialogue I wrote between Luccio and Harry to prove my point. Please don’t feel like you have to trudge through this in support of the community; I’m just bored today. 😅

Ramirez is correct in that Harry has cavorted with a wide variety of nightmares. By the end, he’s literally a member of two different evil Courts. Harry’s had his reasons (and literally attempted to die rather than be used by the Winter Court). They’re good reasons, really – but he didn’t share them. From summoning demons to cavorting with vampires to joining the Winter Court, Ramirez did his damnedest to stand by Harry… and Harry repaid that loyalty by stonewalling him. A lot of people have argued that Ramirez isn’t on Harry’s level, hasn’t dealt with what Harry’s dealt with, etcetera. All of that is objectively true, and it’s certainly true from Harry’s perspective. None of it is true from Ramirez’s perspective because despite calling Ramirez when he needs him, Harry almost never talks to Ramirez. Ramirez – like most of Harry’s allies – is left in the dark. Sure, there are good reasons and yes, it may be the reason that Ramirez is only maimed, not dead like many of Harry's friends and allies… but reality is subjective, and Ramirez’s reality is that he tried his best to be Harry’s friend, and Harry didn’t return the favor.

Further, Harry is still just as much of a Warden as he was before he donned the robe. The major differences between now and then are power, wisdom, skill, allies, assets, and experience. As I’ve said before, there are things that go Bump in the night… but then they bump into Dresden, say excuse me, pay for his dinner, apologize again for good measure, and run like Hell. Harry’s mere presence is Wardening, and in fact, if I was him, as soon as the events of Cold Days ended and I was free to wander the mortal world, I would’ve put a huge ass magical sign in the sky that said “Dresden is back, and grumpy, and significantly more powerful. GTFO.” Ok, that's enough TL;DR - here's my point in-depth.

Ramirez is right, but for the wrong reasons

Much ado has been made about Ramirez’s actions recently. I’ve spoken about them before, but I wanted to briefly reiterate that the Dresden Files are written from Harry’s perspective, and a lot of people don’t seem to be consider

Not sure if this is the right sub but I don't know where else to ask this question. I realize this is probably more about bioelectroethics(which I went to school for), but I tried the sub for that and nobody there could help me with working towards practical, machined upsolutions. The reason I ask here is because even if my title question isn't feasible or even possible, I still believe a localized VXnet correctly calibrated could create an r half-referential quotient loop capable of informing a free-standing permeability simulation. The ramifications of this should be obvious.

Anyway, ever since my grandfather explained Bendrozemann's Paradox to me I've been kind of obsessed with it, but I was never satisfied with the usual responses that range anywhere from "let's delay solving this until academia has reached consensus re: threaded neurokinetics" to some vague reference to organic calculus. I find it so baffling that people just brush it off without consideration! I can't be the only one who has been able to prove nondestructive measurements are possible when using thermoformative wiring, right?

Again, sorry if this isn't the right sub or it sounds like I'm just ranting, I've just been stuck on this damned impasse with the discrete yield syntax and I'm eager to figure it out so I can get back to gate-compiling a deterministic coil state instead of wasting any more time. Any help is much appreciated.

edit: I meant "repotentiate" in the title. Surprised nobody called me on it yet. :P

First, I want to state for the record that I have been working with high power R.F. transmitters and countermeasures sets, radar, communications, deception repeaters and jammers since 1973, and am quite experienced with in-flight dynamics of VHF signal propagation from both low altitude and high altitude aircraft, both civilian and military. Now, the average person is not too familiar with voltage standing wave ratios, or effective radiated power, insertion or line losses, reflected power, antenna gain factors or for that matter antenna radiation patterns on aircraft, as I am. I have extensive experience in these matters and have the actual aviation experience in a wide variety of aircraft, with regard to everything from H.F. long haul communications to millimeter wave jamming or ECM systems, radar, and navigation equipment. For this discussion we are going to talk strictly about 130 MHz, not 2 MHz, not 17 GHz, and the beam pattern and directionality and effective ranges of these systems on both commercial and military aircraft, both below and above the 12,500 pound weight category.

For those of you who are unfamiliar with path loss nomographs for 130 MHz, I would like you to make it a point to study the diagram below. Notice that no assumption is made for effective radiated power, or system gain factors, and there is a reason for this.

• Path Loss Nomograph

This diagram is shown to illustrate the fact that, contrary to assertions by JREF and Unexplained Mysteries bloggers, radio waves do not just "keep on propagating" outwards at their original radiated power levels, without being attenuated over distance. When the path losses and other factors exceed the transmitter power and effective radiated power, as well as minimum discernible signal sensitivity of the receiver system, on any radial from the aircraft, and any angle of incidence, there is no possible communication then. Does this mean that the signals just stop moving thru space? Absolutely not.

But what this does mean is that as the distance increases to a point whereupon the signal power level decays below any possibility of detection by even triple conversion receivers with very selective front end circuitry that have incredibly high (-148 dBm or thereabouts) minimum discernible signal capture capability (which ACARS does not, nominally have, at it’s fairly robust –107 dBm), then beyond that range, detection and demodulation by any terrestrial, high gain

Hi r/Aphantasia,

After a couple of successful posts last year (and now I've finished writing my phd thesis), I'm back to highlight Aphantasia research! I'll be posting summaries of the latest (or most interesting) aphantasia and aphantasia-adjacent articles I come across. I'm doing this on my own time (for fun and my own interest), so if I miss any articles or you have specific requests please feel free to PM me.

Great, who are you again?

Since this is a new account and it's been a while (thesis writing...) I'll re-introduce myself. I am a full Aphant and Vision Neuroscientist with total 8 years lab research experience and 5 years teaching experience. I did my undergraduate with a double major in Psychology and Neuroscience, and then Honours in Neurophysiology. I have just submitted my PhD (It is still out in peer review), which was focused on visual selective attention and I have recently started as a postdoc in a new lab, with similar research goals.

As a disclaimer, my professional research has a visual computational neuroscience focus, not on Aphantasia directly, but I am both personally and professionally interested and keep up with the latest.

The critical role of mental imagery in human emotion: insights from fear-based imagery and aphantasia

With that out of the way, today I'll be summarising [this paper](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2021.0267) by Wicken et al., Published March 2021. Here's the full citation:

Wicken, M., Keogh, R., & Pearson, J. (2021). The critical role of mental imagery in human emotion: insights from fear-based imagery and aphantasia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288(1946), 20210267.

Study Summary

Current psychological models of cognition hold that mental imagery serves to 'link' cognition (i.e., thoughts) to emotion, by allowing a person to 'predict' their emotional state by running a kind of simulation that pushes imagined sensory information into emotional brain systems, to see how they would react to that sensory information if it was live. Such a mechanism is thought to be involved in the development of depressive and anxiety disorders, where the simulations get 'too strong', become difficult to 'turn off', or the brain 'forgets' that it's a simulation at all. Broadly, this model proposes that mental imagery acts as an 'emotional amplifier.'

This article has used aphantasia as a naturally o

Do your worst!

Came across quite an interesting theory yesterday, but I had like 40 tabs open and I'm struggling to recall how exactly I came across it. Was this posted here?

Archive link( just in case )

https://archive.is/yGYuR

Golden Silkworms in Pandora's Box:

>SPOILER ALERT: SARS-CoV-2 is a circulating vaccine-derived-coronavirus (cVDCV) borne from work originally done at UNC, the only institution on earth that’s been attempting to design a live-attenuated vaccine for SARS, where they also pioneered engineering the sort of SARS-like chimeric coronaviruses that would be needed as templates for attenuation, and did their best to ignore or circumvent restrictions on gain-of-function research – obfuscation that’s still ongoing as they refuse to disclose genomic details relating to lab accidents that occurred during the above publicly-funded research.

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

Hi all,

Firstly I know its been a while and I can only apologise! If you are familiar with me then you will know why but this isn't the place for adverts, suffice to say that articles haven't been my priority.

I am back today though because I have been experimenting with the articles namesake... Tongkat Ali.

So getting into it:

What is Tongkat Ali [TA]

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is an herbal medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia and commonly called “Malaysian ginseng” because of its traditional use as a general health “tonic” for antiaging and aphrodisiac benefits. When used in modern dietary supplements, Tongkat Ali is intended to improve libido and energy, improve stress resilience, restore hormonal balance (cortisol/testosterone levels), and enhance both sports performance and weight loss. [1]

All sounds very promising... as always but those of us familiar with herbal supplements know that with incredible claims comes the inevitable disappointment.

That being said, I'm never one to shy away from a bit of research and an experiment, so lets go through some of the claims:

Increase in Testosterone:

There hasn't really been enough research done here for me to write definitively on how TA increases your Testosterone levels but I will go through the currently proposed methods.

The first claims that TA doesn't so much as "increase" our levels but restores them back to a normal functioning range by freeing up Testosterone from binding proteins such as SHBG. [1,2]

The Second claim is that TA increases your Luteinising Hormone that then in terms stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce more Testosterone [3,4]

Thirdly is that through blocking of the enzyme aromatase, less testosterone is converted to estrogen meaning more Testosterone is free to circulate [6, 12].

The final claim is that through the lowering of the stress hormone Cortisol [5], Testosterone is increased [6].

Naturally, I wanted to tes

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

Hey guys/gals,

I went through a couple of years of high dose rc benzos use about 6-7 years ago, and cold turkeyed. Mainly clonazolam, the sudden stop was beyond my control and know that's a contributing factor to the the current cognitive deficits, as well as both antero and retrograde amnesia I experience. Although I was clean from benzos for about 5 years, in 2021 I relapsed, but have kept my doses in a therapeutic range, am currently doing a sloooowwww taper. I am also sticking to prescribed benzos, namely Clonazepam, and veering away from sketchy unregulated RC's.

So I know I'll need to get off the benzos again to get my cognition and memory better. But I don't think it's ever been this bad before. I know exercise and a good diet will help, B Vitamins I need to take every day or there is very noticeable drop in my ability to recall information.

I am also taking 600-900mg of gabapentin a day to help taper, and have read gabapentinoids antagonize mechanisms of neurogenesis. Noticed it with lyrica too, but gabapentin has been personally way easy to stop taking, so that's one thing I know will help. I'm doing a rapid taper of gabapentin right now, and have only consumed 300mg 2/3 through the day. So I hope that will help.

I am even going as far as too trial a month of nootropics like Semax and Fasoracetam, seeing if these problems cognitive problems can be attenuated by them. Solving drug induced problems with more drugs, yeah, doesn't feel completely right to me. But given the situation, and the mechanism of action of these drugs seems like it's worth a shot.

So I'm really asking the community, especially those who have messed around with potent RC benzos and became dependent, how have you dealt with and improved cognitive deficits and more specifically your memory?

I feel like I am in uncharted territory, and would really appreciate some tips. I am in job where I need to absorb a lot of engineering information, and in a life long ago before benzos, I was a young adult immersed in Music theory/ performance and other endeavors. I was pretty sharp. But not wise enough to know how to healthfully deal with emerging affective disorders. So I am into a whole new ballgame of memorizing things that are more of a STEM nature.

So any tips from people that have gotten their lives back together, and gotten through tough times with memory impairment, what helped?

Hello people, I hope all of you are safe and okay. I was suffering from an autoimmune condition for two years and 7 months ago I knew that it's Guillain-Barré syndrome. I'm still on prednisone and I really not comfortable with it. I tried lots of things that could help, but I didn't get any better.

But I found a great video on Youtube, a conversation between Dr Berg and Dr. Zsófia, they were talking about treating autoimmune conditions and even cancer with only diets and few other non-chemical ways.

Dr. Zsófia and Dr. Berg were talking about the interesting relationship between intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and autoimmune disease, and more.

I will just write some of the interesting notes in that conversation, so you get an idea about it.

Summary of this conversation:

Dr Berg: First of all  i want to know exactly what is a neurologist and in addition to that how did you get involved  in what you're doing right now. Did you have a  personal health problem that led you into this or  how do you get so involved in what you're doing?

Dr. Zsófia: Originally i am a biologist, specifically I'm a neuroscientist but I  have always been working in a clinical setting, in top institutes in Hungary  for neurology epilepsy psychiatry; so  
this was my environment but I  was always get involved in doing research work in clinical settings  in patients and then got involved analyzing brain activity, brain  electrical activity in epilepsy patients, sleep and how this relates to memory processes, sleep related memory consolidation for example.
Then, I stepped forward and I became interested in nutrition as a whole and I know that there is a lot of interest around vitamins; specifically like vitamin D but I had to realize that the nutritional context  as a whole is is much more important than  single nutrients singular vitamins for example.

Dr Berg: That's one of the reasons why I brought you here; because you're in clinical practice which is a huge difference between someone just doing research in a lab and never had any experience  
they just graduated in their phd and then they've never worked with actual patients so until you do that you really have not applied these ideas.
I want to dive right into a very specific topic , intestinal permeability and  exactly what that is and maybe you can call generally speaking leaky gut. And in the relationship to autoimmune disease  since a good portion of our

They’re on standbi

Buenosdillas

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

When I got home, they were still there.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

I won't be doing that today!

[Removed]

Prev | Next

Marcus did the best he could to make the next thirty-two hours be anything other than a blur. The only thing that kept it from being so was that it was thirty-two hours, rather than his standard twenty-four.

He went to the student center and ate dinner, then forgot what he had eaten by the time he got back to his dorm.

He told Bob about his test scores before the Xylus logged out for the night. Apparently, none of his species used magic themselves. When one of them had the proficiency, which was incredibly rare, they learned just enough to keep it under control, then ignored it entirely. Bob was impressed by the incredible rarity of his level of talent, though. Though his people might not use magic themselves, they had to account for it as an aspect of their physics and mathematical calculations.

Additional points of the conversation were lost on Marcus for the night, however, and Bob soon logged out of the drone.

Marcus spent a few minutes trying to organize notes for the draft messages he was writing to go back to Earth, but soon fell into a restless sleep.

He woke up well before his classes were to start, since there were so many hours in the day. It was hard to adjust to the ‘galactic standard’ of hours, minutes, and seconds, so he set his HUD to show him the local time in relation to Earth.

He dressed.

He walked.

He ate.

He went to his first three classes.

Granted, those classes were what would have otherwise been the entirety of his day, but his focus on the new fourth monopolized his attention. As it turned out, they were all along the lines of the Math class of the previous day: not learning new material, just learning the new standards. For physics, that meant symbology of the atoms, atomic bonds, and reaction types. For astronomy, it meant accounting for the star positions when you weren’t located on a set reference anymore. For computer science, it meant learning the very basics of a new programming method: one that couldn’t be translated into English, calculated, and retranslated back into the other language, as its own syntax was entirely unlike math or physics.

He was entirely immune to the death-stares of the two wendele from the day before, which might have increased their ire.

Marcus relied on his HUD to take notes on the things that he was mi

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

You take away their little brooms

There hasn't been a post all year!

TL; DR: The Endless were imprisoned not just because they could've spread and exposed the fact that the Forerunners killed a whole galaxy to stave off a parasite they didn't even fully purge for analysis' sake, but also for existence's safety; the Flood learning of their time-bending abilities would make them invincible even to the Halos.

BTW, the entire relevant transcript of the video:

>The Endless are a new faction in Halo Infinite. They are mysterious and very little is actually known about the particulars of this species. What is known is that in spite of the Halo Array being fired, the Endless appeared to still be around immediately following the firing of the Array when all sentient life in the galaxy should have been killed. But what is it specifically about the Endless that worried the Forerunners to such a degree they chose to imprison their entire species on Zeta Halo?

>
>
>

>Well…the very reason that they survived the firing of the Array could be the exact reason that the Forerunners are so worried by the Endless and how this may relate at least in part to the Flood.

>
>
>

>…the Halo effect kills pretty much everything, although the specifics of how the Halo actually fires is how it can tune or attenuate its pulse to the cerebral network of various different sentient species to ensure that species of certain biomass and neural sophistication are destroyed, rendering them useless to the Flood and meaning that their bodies are not a potential vector for Flood infestation. What is known is that the Halo effect is devastatingly effective when the Halos fired. All sentient life in the galaxy was extinguished. The pulse travels superluminally, which means it travels faster than the speed of light. This means some very interesting temporal anomalies happened as a consequence of the firing of the Array.

>
>
>

>When a photon of light travels at the speed of light in a vacuum, its frame of reference for time stands still. This is a basic principle of physics that we actually have to adjust for with systems as simple as our global GPS systems. We know that velocity adversely affects the passage of time, we know that objects at rest experience time faster than objects that are moving, or rather inversely, time moves slower for objects in motion. This ultimately means that the closer that you approach the actual speed of light, the slower time moves, to the point that a photon

Nothing, he was gladiator.

First, I want to state for the record that I have been working with high power R.F. transmitters and countermeasures sets, radar, communications, deception repeaters and jammers since 1973, and am quite experienced with in-flight dynamics of VHF signal propagation from both low altitude and high altitude aircraft, both civilian and military. Now, the average person is not too familiar with voltage standing wave ratios, or effective radiated power, insertion or line losses, reflected power, antenna gain factors or for that matter antenna radiation patterns on aircraft, as I am. I have extensive experience in these matters and have the actual aviation experience in a wide variety of aircraft, with regard to everything from H.F. long haul communications to millimeter wave jamming or ECM systems, radar, and navigation equipment. For this discussion we are going to talk strictly about 130 MHz, not 2 MHz, not 17 GHz, and the beam pattern and directionality and effective ranges of these systems on both commercial and military aircraft, both below and above the 12,500 pound weight category.

For those of you who are unfamiliar with path loss nomographs for 130 MHz, I would like you to make it a point to study the diagram below. Notice that no assumption is made for effective radiated power, or system gain factors, and there is a reason for this.

• Path Loss Nomograph

This diagram is shown to illustrate the fact that, contrary to assertions by JREF and Unexplained Mysteries bloggers, radio waves do not just "keep on propagating" outwards at their original radiated power levels, without being attenuated over distance. When the path losses and other factors exceed the transmitter power and effective radiated power, as well as minimum discernible signal sensitivity of the receiver system, on any radial from the aircraft, and any angle of incidence, there is no possible communication then. Does this mean that the signals just stop moving thru space? Absolutely not.

But what this does mean is that as the distance increases to a point whereupon the signal power level decays below any possibility of detection by even triple conversion receivers with very selective front end circuitry that have incredibly high (-148 dBm or thereabouts) minimum discernible signal capture capability (which ACARS does not, nominally have, at it’s fairly robust –107 dBm), then beyond that range, detection and demodulation by any terrestrial, high gain

Hi all,

Firstly I know its been a while and I can only apologise! If you are familiar with me then you will know why but this isn't the place for adverts, suffice to say that articles haven't been my priority.

I am back today though because I have been experimenting with the articles namesake... Tongkat Ali.

So getting into it:

What is Tongkat Ali [TA]

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is an herbal medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia and commonly called “Malaysian ginseng” because of its traditional use as a general health “tonic” for antiaging and aphrodisiac benefits. When used in modern dietary supplements, Tongkat Ali is intended to improve libido and energy, improve stress resilience, restore hormonal balance (cortisol/testosterone levels), and enhance both sports performance and weight loss. [1]

All sounds very promising... as always but those of us familiar with herbal supplements know that with incredible claims comes the inevitable disappointment.

That being said, I'm never one to shy away from a bit of research and an experiment, so lets go through some of the claims:

Increase in Testosterone:

There hasn't really been enough research done here for me to write definitively on how TA increases your Testosterone levels but I will go through the currently proposed methods.

The first claims that TA doesn't so much as "increase" our levels but restores them back to a normal functioning range by freeing up Testosterone from binding proteins such as SHBG. [1,2]

The Second claim is that TA increases your Luteinising Hormone that then in terms stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce more Testosterone [3,4]

Thirdly is that through blocking of the enzyme aromatase, less testosterone is converted to estrogen meaning more Testosterone is free to circulate [6, 12].

The final claim is that through the lowering of the stress hormone Cortisol [5], Testosterone is increased [6].

Naturally, I wanted t

Pilot on me!!