Hey, I'm tryna know if there's a text-version of the swadesh list, where all the words are put together in a cohesive and well structured text, perhaps in a story form? If such a thing exists, then is there a term for it?

It would of course be a collection of sentences relating to one another containing all examples of parts of speech on the list, linked together with all possible articles, prepositions, conjunctions etc.

My aim is to find a piece of text that contains the most basic and used terms in a language, put together in a structured narrative manner (rather than an abstract list of words). It would be much easier to remember the words and have an understanding on how different aspects of the grammar work, especially word-order, and get an idea of how nouns could decline or verbs conjugate.

Each time I have to look at a Swadesh list, I wonder why the word "louse" is so important that it's number 48 on the 207-words list. Shouldn't something more generic like "insect" be used instead, or am I missing something?

Today I was finally curious enough to look it up but I found nothing on that subject, so I hope you can enlighten me!

A swadesh list is a list of the most used words in all languages, but i took a shortened one because im too lazy to do the original 100. Note that this might not really be accurate.

I = Nekk

you (singular) = Kečč

this = waya

who = Anwa

what: wacu

one = Yiwen

two = sin

fish = aslem

dog = aydi

louse = tilkit

blood = dem

bone = ighes

egg = tamellalt

horn = acciw

tail = ajehnid

ear = ammezur

eye = tic

nose = inzer

tooth = tuymest

tongue = iles

hand = afus

know = issin

death = amat

give = efk

sun = itij

moon = ayyur

water = amane

salt = tisent

stone = azru

wind = adu

fire = tmes

year = aseggas

full = Yeccur

new = amaynu

name = isem

Hello everyone,

We know that there are more 1000 dialects, sub dialects of North Germanic languages but these dialects are not well documented. I created a google spreadsheet where you can add the dialects words. As you know these dialects are mostly phonological,you have to write them in IPA so we can know the difference.Our goal is to collect as many dialects data as possible https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17L7MR4CTLOoaEbJmHz5RBiPDeS3t69xlWgi_TXyAWKA/edit?usp=sharing

Hi everyone, the list I've prepared is based on the East Gilaki dialect, and wherever there is a Galesh or West Gilaki equivalent I'm familiar with, it's put in the list. If there is any word that you think I've missed, please let me know.

In the list, the order of words is E. Gilaki, Galesh, W. Gilaki, and a comma (,) indicates its use in a specific dialect.

A slash (/) indicates that two or more words with the same meaning are used across Gilaki.

The letter (ı) is used for the palatal approximant (j), mostly symbolized with a "y" in English.

The list this translation is based on is the 100-item basic Swadesh List published in 1971, which is a collection of basic terms that rarely change in a language, making them a good tool for linguistic comparison.

This is the conlang's Swadesh list (a list of around 207 basic words found in most languages). I would like to know your thoughts and opinions about it, especially from those who speak other Philippine languages.

Finally, some word proposals! The ones that are most international, and which in my opinion are the best candidates for root-word status, I will post as separate comments below. Where several words are proposed to translate the same English word, I mean to offer a choice.

Hey everyone!

I have toiled through almost two years of many a sleepless night, many an expensive dictionary, and even a few native speakers to get you this list. Please treat my baby with care :3

If you have any questions about this, please feel free to ask.

Enjoy!

Varieties of Arabic Swadesh lists

Edit: Who would enjoy it better if I reorganized it in terms of a continuum? As in: MSA > Najdi > Sanaani > Dhofari > Gulf > South Iraqi > North Iraqi > Cypriot > Levantine > Egyptian > Sudanese > Chadian > Tunisian > Maltese > Moroccan > Hassaniya

Basically what I'm looking for is a list of say, a few hundred sentences, such that if you have translations of them in a language you have a pretty good basic idea of how its grammar works. It would contain constructions and distinctions that are common across the world's languages like person/number, tense and aspect, direct and indirect objects, possession, nominative-accusative vs. ergative-absolutive, and so on. Does anyone know if such a thing exists?

Complete Swadesh List in Globasa:

https://globasa.fandom.com/wiki/Swadesh_list

I came across this while searching for beginner words. It seems like it would be a useful place to look words up. Could some please check and confirm? https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Cantonese_Swadesh_list

Swadesh lists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list) - They are available for most languages in wiktionary.

Do you like them?

I do... I think they really represent a very basic selection of words, that is some sort of primal core of the language. Like I feel getting in touch with ancestors when I learn these words.

I also find it interesting that even for languages that I know quite well, I can find some entries on the Swadesh list that I don't know.

However, currently I aim to learn full Swadesh lists (207-215 words, depends on the version)... for all languages that I am dealing with. In practice it often means just feeling the gaps, because I already know majority of the words.

My main motivation is because it's easy... the list is short... So when it's so easy and short, then I'm asking myself why not? No need to ask why... I ask - why not...

And it's especially easy since I already know many words... So then, why not know them all?

How about you?

👇👤 - I/Me

👆👤 - You

👇👥 - We

👇 - This

👆 - That

❔👤 - Who (❔ - Question Prefix, 👤 - Person)

❔⚙ - What (❔ - Question Prefix, ⚙ - Object)

❌ - Not

💯 - All

👐 - Many

⚀ - One

⚁ - Two

🔷️ - Big

🤥 - Long (🔀🤞 - Lie)

🔸️ - Small

♀️👩 - Woman

♂️👨 - Man

👤 - Person

🐟 - Fish

🐦 - Bird

🐕 - Dog

🐜 - Insect (👉🐜 - Ant)

🌳 - Tree

👉🌱 - Seed (🌱 - Earth/Soil)

⚓ - Root (👉⚓ - Anchor)

🌳🤚 - Bark (Botany)

🤚 - Skin (🖐 - Hand)

🍖 - Flesh

❤💦 - Blood (❤ - Red, 👉💦 - Liquid)

☠ - Bone (👉☠ - Skeleton)

🥓 - Fat (👉🥓 - Bacon)

🥚 - Egg

🐃 - Horn (👉🐃 - Bull/Ox)

🐒 - Tail (👉🐒 - Monkey)

🦃 - Feather (👉🦃 - Turkey)

🦁 - Hair (👉🦁 - Lion)

👉😶 - Head (😶 - Emoji)

👂 - Ear

👁 - Eye

👄 - Mouth (👉👄 - Lips)

😁 - Tooth

👅 - Tounge

🦅 - Claw (👉🦅 - Eagle)

👣 - Foot (👉👣 - Foot print)

⤵️ - Knee

🖐 - Hand

🍔💰 - Belly (🍔 - Mat, 👉🍔 - Hamburger, 💰 - Bag)

🦒 - Neck (👉🦒 - Giraffe)

🍒 - Breasts (👉🍒 - Cherry)

💟 - Heart Organ (👉❤ - Heart Symbol)

🥩 - Liver (👉🥩 - Meat)

🔀🥛 - Drink v. (🥛 - Drink n., 👉🥛 - Milk)

🔀🍔 - Eat

🔀😁 - Bite

🔀👀 - See

🔀👂 - Hear

🔀🧠 - Know (🧠 - Brain, 🔀💭 - Think)

🔀💤 - Sleep

⏏😵 - Die

🔀😵 - Kill

🔀🏊‍♂️ - Swim

🔀🐦 - Fly (🐦 - Bird)

🔀🚶‍♂️ - Go/Walk

🔀⬇️ - Come

🔀🛏 - Lie down (🛏 - Bed, 🔀💤 - Sleep)

🔀💺 - Sit (💺 - Chair)

🔀🕴 - Stand

🔀🎁 - Give (🎁 - Gift)

🔀🗨 - Say

☀️ - Sun

🌙 - Moon

⭐ - Star

💧 - Water (👉💧 - Water drop)

🌧 - Rain

🌚 - Stone (🌙 - Moon)

🏜 - Sand (👉🏜 - Desert)

🌱 - Earth/Soil (👉🌱 - Seed, 👉🌍 - Earth)

☁️ - Sky

👉♨️ - Smoke (♨️ - Warm)

👉🔥 - Flame (🔥 - Cool)

🔥🍚 - Ashes (🍚 - Powder, 👉🍚 - Rice)

🔀🔥 - Burn

🛣 - Road (👉🛣 - Street)

🗻 - Mountain (⛰ - Hill)

❤ - Red (👉❤ - Heart sym., 💟 - Heart org.)

💚 - Green

💛 - Yelloe

👻 - White (👉👻 - Ghost)

🖤 - Black

🌃 - Night

♨️ - Warm (👉♨️ - Smoke)

❄ - Cold (👉❄ - Snowflake)

🔝 - Full

💖 - New (🔀💖 - Glisten)

👍 - Good (👉👍 - Thumb)

⚫ - Round (🖤 - Black)

🔁💦 - Dry (💦 - Wet)

🏷 - Name

FOR PC USERS:

1. 🔷️ "big" and 🔸️ "small" appear similar in size. On mobile, the size difference is more obvious than on PC. They are different colors to help differenciate on PC.
2. 🤥 shows a face with a long nose, therefore the meaning "long". It might be difficult to spot on PC.
3. ❤ is a red heart on mobile. On PC it appears black. The meaning is still "red"
4. 🐃 "horn" displays an ox with horns. It might be difficult to spot on PC.
5. 🦁 "hai

Hi, I'm currently enrolled in a class designed to prepare students for linguistics fieldwork, and as an extra challenge agreed to help our professor with an acoustic analysis of the vowels in the language as well. My professor wanted to start off by just collecting a language sample of approximately 500 words. She asked me to try and find a reputable word list. So far the best I've got is just shy of 250 words by combining the longest version of the Swadesh list and Leipzig-Jakarta lists I could find. I was wondering if anyone was aware of a longer list, or at least other smaller lists that I could use for this purpose? Thanks for any help.

If you don't know what the The Swadesh List is.... The purpose of the Swadesh List is to use the translantions of words in the list to compare languages, in order to better visualize language changes between cultures, and over time.

I am using the "Final Swadesh List" from 1971.

I will start. My language is a priori so this is actually of no use linguistically for the purpose of comparing to natural languages.

ji - I

jo - You

jihy - we

jufi - this

tu - that

bi - who?

ko - what?

gu - not

na - all (of a number)

ne - many

hyva - one

hyna - two

ta - big

da - long (not wide)

tu - small

ka - woman

su - man (adult male human)

jy - person (individual human)

bivi - fish (noun)

bivy - bird

bisu - dog

binetu - louse

tasomi - tree (not log)

pisomi - seed (noun)

risomi - leaf (botanics)

fusomi - root (botanics)

cosomi - bark (of tree)

keco - skin

kece - flesh

kevi - blood

keva - bone

vuvo - grease

vubivy - egg

kecova - horn

keda - tail

kefavy - feather (large, not down)

kevafa - hair (on head of humans)

kefa - head (anatomic)

kesy - ear

kebe - eye

kevy - nose

kevu - mouth

kevufy - tooth (front, rather than molar)

kevuke - tongue (anatomical)

kewuke - claw

kefu - foot (not leg)

kesafu - knee

keve - hand

keny - belly (lower part of body, abdomen)

kesa - neck (not nape)

kekafa - breasts (female)

kefevi - heart

kewovi - liver

vike - drink (verb)

vuke - eat (verb)

vufyke - bite (verb)

beke - see (verb)

lisyke - hear (verb)

xi - know (facts)

xoke - sleep (verb)

guso - die (verb)

soto - kill (verb)

vifeke - swim (verb)

vyfeke - fly (verb)

feke - walk (verb)

feji - come (verb)

cydake - lie (on side, recline)

fuke - sit (verb)

fake - stand (verb)

dite - give (verb)

syke - say (verb)†

ma - sun

mu - moon

my - star

vi - water (noun)

vyvi - rain (noun)

tami - stone

tumi - sand

mi - earth (soil)

vivymi, kovyvi - cloud (not fog)

vovy - smoke (noun, of fire)

vo -

I'm implementing the swadesh list, and i was wondering how much you can express using the list alone.

https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/bitstream/handle/11222.digilib/114952/1_GraecoLatinaBrunensia_15-2010-1_3.pdf

It says there are 3 loanwords in Tsakonian (bird, person, yellow). Loanwords are underlined. But looking at the other words, they seem, more often than not, to be extremely similar to modern Greek. And the real issue is that the last column, "etymology or reconstruction", shows most Tsakonian entries with "Gr" or "NGr", the latter indicating New Standard Greek. Only a few show "Doric" in this column. And this is a Swadesh list of supposedly most conserved words!

I'm not a linguist so I don't know if I'm missing something here. Could someone knowledgeable take a glance at some terms and confirm/deny that this list shows most Tsakonian words are recent borrowings from Greek (Koine and later), and not really direct descendants of the Doric languages?

I decided to record the Siwa Swadesh list which you can find here (text) and here (recording).

I also updated the book I'm currently writing on Siwa. I changed the size of the pages (omg) and added the intro and the second chapter (on Siwa people) though parts are still missing. It's now 710 pages long! You can find it the book right here. :)

Does anyone know of something like a list of words or constructions that could be considered core to any language? Something like a Swadesh list, but motivated by usefulness rather than pre-historic importance.

It'd include words such as big, small, to be, to have, to run, hungry, happy etc., and alternative constructions where single words aren't applicable (such as when a language lacks a simple copula or expresses possession by the means of prepositions).

I'm asking because I believe that building core vocabulary is essential to learning a language, but whenever I use pre-made vocabularies, I end up having to learn words such as "tuna" and "toolshed".

Furthermore, it'd be nice if the selection of words could be founded in actual usage statistics somehow.

EDIT: I should add that I'm looking for something that, like Swadesh lists, are somewhat universal and could be composed similarly for any language.

"Að" is the word for "to" ("að-thá" is "to be"; "tá":"be") and is appended to the end of verbs to mark them in the infinitive. Occasionally, the ending will be "-iað" to preserve vowel harmony, or "-áð" if the verb stem has a word final -a.

* "to project saliva"
** "to be of his knowledge"
*** "to find death"
note: athá is a shortened form of "að-thá", or "to be"

Hi everyone, the list I've prepared is based on the East Gilaki dialect, and wherever there is a Galesh or West Gilaki equivalent I'm familiar with, it's put in the list. If there is any word that you think I've missed, please let me know.

In the list, the order of words is E. Gilaki, Galesh, W. Gilaki, and a comma (,) indicates its use in a specific dialect.

A slash (/) indicates that two or more words with the same meaning are used across Gilaki.

The letter (ı) is used for the palatal approximant (j), mostly symbolized with a "y" in English.

The list this translation is based on is the 100-item basic Swadesh List published in 1971, which is a collection of basic terms that rarely change in a language, making them a good tool for linguistic comparison.

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Italian_Swadesh_list

Sample Phrases Hello -
How are you doing? -
I am doing fine. -
What’s your name? -
My name is… -
Where are you from? -
I am from… -
Where is the (toilet)? -
Sample words: Pronouns and similar
I -
Me -
My -
Mine -
You -
Your -
He -
She -
We -
Us -
They -
Them -
Their -
It -
Our -
Thing -
Any -
Some -
Anyone -
Anything -
Anybody -
Anyone -
Something -
Somebody -
Someone -
Who -
Whom -
Whose -
What -
Which -
That -
When -
Where -
Why -
How -
Sample words: Foods
Meat -
Beef -
Pork -
Mutton -
Goat (meat of) -
Venison -
Lamb -
Veal -
Rabbit/Hare -
Chicken (meat of) -
Horse (meat of) -
Apple -
Banana -
Chip -
Pear -
Ripe -
Rot(ten) -

Does anyone have a reconstructed Swadesh list for PAA?