Stomate Puns

I've took a quiz and it says that the stomates of bryophytes are located on their gametophyte. However, I learnt that hornworts has stomates on their sporophyte, right? I've also done some googling and most of the websites also state that bryophytes have stomates in sporophyte generation. Which generation of bryophyte exactly are stomates present?

So I know that in order for the stomate to open potassium needs to be pumped into the guard cells, however if the plant has a potassium deficiency, will this process still happen?

Apparently my cat’s immune system is rejecting his teeth. He has to have them all removed soon. Has anyone else gone through this?

My cat developed severe stomatitis and we had the full mouth extraction (all back teeth on both sides). That helped tremendously for about 10 days- my cat was happy, eating, playing, etc- then things started to slide backwards and one side became very, very inflamed again.

Don’t get me wrong, I would definitely recommend the surgery or the cat would have perished so for me that was a no brainer even at the cost as most cats do very well for a long time afterwards!! But two vet opinions later and both are perplexed by our situation as it is so rare. We’re on the waitlist for a specialist next but I can’t stand the pain he’s dealing with and am desperate for help or ideas while we continue to wait for the next appointment.

I have him on 1/2 ml of prednisolone and 1 ml of gabapentin both morning and night but nothing is under control. He cannot eat or drink on his own (tube fed now), lots of slime and bleeding, and just really withdrawn from life- it’s sad considering stomatitis shouldn’t be life threatening. So it is trial and error with medicine combinations as our best course of action. None of the antibiotics we’ve tried have helped (atopica, clavamox, orbax).

Open to any ideas from anyone with first hand experience of a severe flare up post extraction. I noticed one Reddit user suggested grain free food and I’ll be switching to that tomorrow.

Appreciate any advice and pls understand that vet visits are very much part of the go forward plan too!

(Additional context- biopsies came back negative for cancer, even as severe as we have it things could be worse)

Hi sorry this is long but I really need help. I made a post yesterday about how I took my cat to the vet and was told she's showing signs of stomatitis. She's seven months old and I took her to vetco because I only thought she needed a booster shot. I was told we should aim for a dental cleaning in January and I'm wondering if I should look into finding a different vet for the actual cleaning since I don't know if vetco is reliable. I'm overwhelmed because this is my first cat and I'm a teenager, I just want to do what's best for her but I've never been in this situation before. Since I'm a full time student I'm also trying to take cost into consideration. I'm honestly so overwhelmed and don't know how long I should wait to get a second opinion/ if I should get a second opinion. I just want her to be okay. Please help!!!

My poor Jack is 13 and started out with a dental issue that I scheduled an appointment for, but it was over a month out due to it being an affordable dental program that a lot of people go to.

At some point between when we noticed his dental issue and when the appointment date was, Jack got really sick and developed an ingrown nail and by the time the vet saw him, they said he had developed a URI, so they gave him Convenia to deal with the nail infection and the URI, then they’d set up a dental to take care of his stomatitis.

Through the first week after his Convenia injection, he only got worse and his paw didn’t reduce in size where his ingrown nail was. I took him back exactly 7 days after there was no improvement and the vet then said he had cryptococcus but that he had to take a test to confirm. He said I could bypass the test and give him Itrafungol asap to start him on meds and one week later to test him and also see if he shows improvement.

This week of treating him with Itrafungol, it looks like he is showing the tiniest signs of improvement, but now he’s not eating at all and I can see that his gums are inflamed so maybe it hurts him to eat. I think the Itrafungol is also killing his appetite. I’ve tried three different foods, liquified versions of them, even trying to syringe feed him with more liquid than food to hopefully prevent him inhaling it, but nothing is working. It’s been over 2 days, today is day 3 that he won’t eat and I’ve had to try to force feed him and have gotten only about a tablespoon total of food in him each day.

Please let me know if you guys have any methods to help him eat. I’m so scared that it’s going to get worse from here if he doesn’t have proper nutrition.

Species: Cat (rescued from street).

Age: Between 6-9 (we think)

Sex: Male, neutered

Body weight: 5.1 kg (without a back leg so I don’t know how much he’d weigh with 4 legs)

History: Rescued from streets 3 months ago. We were told that he had a car accident a few years ago, his leg got paralysed and he’s been dragging it for a year until a lady rescued him and got the leg removed. We knew he is FIV+ and we wanted to give him a happy loving home for the rest of his life (because we were told he wouldn’t live very long) since he can’t live outside.

Clinical signs: Bad breath, dribbling, red spots under his teeth (see picture)

Duration: Since we’ve got him 3 months ago but we can’t confirm when it started.

General location: Cambridge UK

https://postimg.cc/gallery/p2KhJ9m

Hi.

We adopted our boy 3 months ago knowing he’s FIV+ and missing a leg. We wanted to give him a good life because his life expectancy is not that long (unfortunately). And me and my partner agreed on not putting him a lot of stress and pain if/when he gets sick.

He is the most loving and affectionate cat I’ve ever seen and we love him so much. He always had a bad breath and dribbling problem, and we recently noticed that he might have stomatitis (see pictures).

He hasn’t got any issues with eating or showing any signs of pain/uncomfortable mouth. He’s grooming fine as well.

At this point we can’t decide how to move forward with the situation because we don’t want to put him through an unnecessary operation and risk an infection because he might not be able to fight back.

Is his stomatitis bad? Shall we get his teeth removed? Or wait until he stops eating?

Like I said we don’t want to put him at risk unnecessarily, also we don’t want him to get very sick very quickly if we turn a blind eye on this issue. What would vets recommend?

Thanks a lot.

Hi, I took my cat to the vet today and was told she is showing signs of stomatitis. I feel horrible because I hate to imagine her in pain. Does anyone have any tips for what I can do to make her feel more comfortable? Also is brushing a cat's teeth beneficial and if so how often should I do it? Overall it's a really overwhelming situation and I just wanna make sure she's okay. Please let me know if you have any advice

By any chance, is anyone here a vet who has had experience with cats with stomatitis, or anyone who has a cat with this condition? I'm looking for any information, advice, anything we can try that's different than what we've already done. We're pretty desperate. Our cat Alice has a pretty severe case, and we've tried every single thing we can think of. Full mouth extraction, antibiotics, steroids, immune suppressants, CBD. Nothing is working. It's breaking my heart that she's in pain every single day. Now we're thinking maybe we should take a holistic approach. We're pretty desperate at this point and willing to try just about anything.

For anyone who isn't aware, stomatitis is basically severe inflammation of the gums and mouth caused by an autoimmune disorder, and the FIRST step is usually removing all of their teeth, which seems to help a majority of cats with this issue, but poor Alice has not been so lucky. It's notoriously difficult to treat but we're not done yet with our search.

One thing I should note - we're definitely not at an end of life evaluation situation here. She still eats sufficiently, she gets the zoomies multiple times a day (which seems pretty amazing for a cat who's going on 14!), and generally is pretty affectionate and happy.

Species: Cat
Breed: Domestic Shorthair
Body weight: 10 lbs
History: Healthy at time of adoption at 4 months old
Clinical signs: Before taking him to the vet, he wasn't eating much food. Sleeping under blankets and inside closet.
Duration: Showed early symptoms of Bartonella around 10 months ago, early signs of stomatitis appearing a couple months ago
Your general location: San Diego

I brought my 1 year and 4 month old cat to the vet because he wasn't eating his food. Turns out he's positive for Bartonella and has been treated with antibiotics for about 3 weeks now. While the redness in his gums has drastically improved and he has resumed eating normally, some inflammation remains surrounding his molars. I brought him to the vet again and was informed that he's showing early signs of stomatitis. Now that he's off the antibiotics, they suggested to bring him back in two weeks to re-check his gums. I'm worried that he may need his teeth extracted especially since he's still very young. If anyone is able to answer some questions I have, it would be greatly appreciated.

1. Can stomatitis be cured without teeth extraction? If so, what are the odds? Since his stomatitis is still in the early stages, how high of a risk is it to wait and see if he can be treated using alternate methods?
2. Can stomatitis be cured WITH teeth extraction?
3. Is full extraction of all teeth inevitable?
4. Will extracting teeth negatively affect quality of life?
5. How quickly does stomatitis progress?
6. Are there any less obvious signs I can pick up on that indicate his inflammation is progressing? I would ideally like to know before it gets to the point where he refuses to eat food