ELI5: Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

I am doing a research project for my physics class on proton therapy. In the project, we must identify an unanswered question of the topic and explain it. I have discovered that an unanswered question regarding PT is its RBE. It is somewhere in between .7-1.6 and the general accepted value is 1.1 but no one knows the actual value. Can anyone explain to me like I am a five year old what RBE is?

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Jackanooga
๐Ÿ“…︎ Sep 05 2015
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NRXP - NRx Pharmaceuticals Notes New Data on BriLife COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Delta Variant Posted by Israel Institute for Biological Research crweworld.com/article/newโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/HotMomentumStocks
๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 26 2021
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5 years ago on this date I walked out on my biological relatives.

Today I CELEBRATE 5 years of freedom. It feels like yesterday, and almost like a movie scene. The living room was covered in a lot of red, which felt a poetic color to describe the anger and hate that was in that room. I don't know why I chose that date; maybe it was symbolic of being a day that was supposed to be spent with loved ones and I never felt that way about it.

Whatever the reason, I remember being in slow motion. My bio father would always say I moved too fast, and I think that's because I was anxious and knew I didn't want to be there. But that night I was slower than a slug, fully taking in the choice that I had internally made.

I looked at them one by one, hoping for a ribbon of Hope for someone to love or maybe to keep me there. Yet there was nothing. My psychotic and bipolar sister, my emotionally abusive narcissistic bio father, my psycho Hitler level angry grandmother and many others. My uncle was the only one who was kind of normal, and I do miss him. And the dog was awesome. Yet it was not enough to make me change my mind.

I said goodbye to all of them, waived and walked outside. I can still feel the cool winter air and how nice it was to see my car outside that I had bought and was mine. Driving down away from that street was like being in a spaceship taking me to a different planet.

It was only five years ago but it seems like twenty lifetimes ago. My life has improved so much and there's so many beautiful things that I have now in this year to celebrate, and Christmas Is Almost formulating into something I look forward to. Thank you for being here for me all these community members and helping me get to this point. Change is difficult, painful, yet possible and beautiful

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/PattyIce32
๐Ÿ“…︎ Dec 25 2021
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Adopted people or their biological family, how long did it take (after receiving your results) to discover the existence of a close relative ? Did it happen immediately, did it take months, or even years ?
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/RoyalAsianFlush
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jan 05 2022
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NRXP | NRx Pharmaceuticals Notes New Data on BriLifeยฎ COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Delta Variant Posted by Israel Institute for Biological Research stocktitan.net/news/NRXP/โ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Stock_Titan
๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 26 2021
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[WP] Being adopted as a baby you've always wondered who your biological parents are. Now as an adult you took a DNA test, however the most peculiar outcome is you have no DNA relative matches.
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/tobesteve
๐Ÿ“…︎ Dec 24 2021
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[Satire & Misinformation] How Bad How Bad Is Your Vaccine Batch? Find Out Nowโ€ฆ The Numbers On โ€œVaccineโ€ Passport Are Coded For Biological Activity; (Placebo And Relative Toxicity)โ€ฆ This Is Proof Of Experimentation And Intent To Exterminate!! ยฆ Our New Earth News ournewearthnews.com/2022/โ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Bonus1Fact
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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Looking for feedback on a letter I am writing to a potential biological relative from an adoption.

For background, I discovered someone who is likely my mom's biological relative based on cross-referencing family trees with DNA matches. I have a 303cM match to a woman whose grandmother had 5 sisters. And I have a 267cM match to a man whose grandfather had 4 siblings. One of the aunts from the 303cM match married one of the uncles from the 267cM match. This leads me to believe one of that couple's children is my biological grandparent - this would make the two DNA matches first cousins to one of my grandparents.

I found the names of the children from the couple in an obituary, and found one of them is (apparently) still alive. I also found an address for this individual. For what it's worth, this person is about 82 years old.

Below is a letter I am composing to this person. Please offer any feedback you might have. Since the individual is still living, the bold italics indicate where potentially identifying information has been masked.

>Dear Person
>
>My name is Me. I am writing to you because I have discovered we may be related while doing family history research.
>
>My mother was adopted at birth from Mason City Iowa. She was born on birthdate. Unfortunately, she never knew anything about her biological parents before she passed away. My goal has been to see if I could uncover who her biological are, and possibly connect with family I never knew I had.
>
>Using the DNA features from Ancestry.com, and several similar services, I was able to establish that one of my motherโ€™s parents was related to one of the children of grandfather and grandmother, and grandfather and grandmother. The common connection was father and mother, who I believe were your parents.
>
>I found the name of you and your siblings when I found an obituary for father in the Sacramento Bee. Your address came up when I searched for your name.
>
>My mom was raised as a โ€˜military bratโ€™. My grandfather was a Colonel in the Air Force and they moved around the country quite a bit before eventually settling in city after he retired. My sister and I were born and raised in city.
>
>I am hopeful you will have some information which will help me solve this family mystery. If it does turn out we are related, I would love to learn more about you and your family to get a better sense of where I come from.
>
>Thank you for your time and I look fo

... keep reading on reddit โžก

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/movieguy95453
๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 17 2021
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Has the Covid-19 Pandemic unintentionally shown the effectiveness and practicality of Biological Warfare and perhaps created a renewed interest internationally for the development of such weapons?

Covid-19 despite having a low mortality rate and primarily affecting persons who are no longer drivers of national economies nor of military importance was still able to bring international economies to a halt and impacted National Defense on a massive scale. This demonstrated the massive practicality that biological weapons can have. Think about the effects this virus had now imagine a virus with similar attributes except with a 10% - 15% mortality rate across the general population if not higher. Such a weapon could absolutely devastate a nation's ability to wage war effectively or even at all. Additionally such weapons have the potential to have much cheaper R&D costs and procurement costs in comparison to a Nuclear Weapon thus making them perhaps more procurable to smaller nations and economies. On a second note an untraceable biological weapon attack has the potential to halt or delay a conflict before it even occurs. For example Russia's buildup on Ukraine's border, if a deadly untraceable virus were to have an outbreak in Moscow causing massive panic, supplies shortages, and troop refocusing would Russia even be able to launch and maintain a campaign against Ukraine?
Thoughts and discussion on the topic is appreciated.

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Arnhem_Warhammer
๐Ÿ“…︎ Apr 28 2021
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Relative risk is more informative than effectiveness. argmin.net/2021/08/13/relโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/NotDoingResearch2
๐Ÿ“…︎ Aug 14 2021
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Ancestry results. Interesting surprise is that I didn't match with any relatives on my dads side. I have first cousins and an aunt and we don't come up as a match, yet they all matched with each other. This would suggest dad is not biological? Did match with cousins on mom's side. Signed, Confused.
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/smokeymidnight
๐Ÿ“…︎ Sep 07 2021
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Why do we think that there are few vampires who transform their biological relatives?

The literal only example I can think of, off the top of my head, is Aro and Didyme. Alec and Jane don't count as they were both transformed by someone else.

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/1-800-wandsthetic
๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 03 2021
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Researchers develop novel therapy that could be effective in many cancers - Mount Sinai researchers have developed a therapeutic agent that shows high effectiveness in vitro at disrupting a biological pathway that helps cancer survive medicalxpress.com/news/20โ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/QuantumThinkology
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 23 2021
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How does having a broken family or having your relatives take cares of you instead of your biological parents affects you?
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๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 15 2021
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Are distant relatives still related to me, in the sense that can I try to find my biological dadโ€™s side of the family through a 1st cousin once removed who share 6.18% of dna with me, or is distant relatives just the equivalent of meeting a stranger out and about?
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/stay-curious21
๐Ÿ“…︎ Oct 07 2021
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Getting 'Brushed Aside' by Biological Relatives

Last year, I found my cousins from both of my biological parents' sides through 23ANDME and ANCESTRYDNA tests.

Right away, they seemed happy and wanted to see me as soon as COVID was done. However, the enthusiasm seemed to die down once they realized I was being very proactive in my reunification, even getting my bio mom's death certificate and visiting the addresses where she lived when I was born and when she died. (I didn't approach the homes. I stayed on the sidewalks.)

Now, that COVID levels have gone down and many are vaccinated here in CA, I have asked the cousins who live closest to me to meet them. But, they say they're "too busy" now. I've offered a central location to meet. I'm open to work around their schedules. But, I keep getting excuses. Yet, on their Facebook and other social media accounts, I see them doing lots of leisurely stuff, incl. going to places further away than where I am or have agreed to meet them.

Should I just give up and let them be? I feel like they're now wishing they had never done the DNA tests themselves. If they hadn't, I would've never found them.

(Based on info from my cousins, I will not try to reach out to my bio dad at all.)

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/carmitch
๐Ÿ“…︎ Oct 17 2021
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Getting 'Brushed Aside' by Biological Relatives /r/Adoptees/comments/q9tyโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/carmitch
๐Ÿ“…︎ Oct 17 2021
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The effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive plants besjournals.onlinelibraryโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/TheWonderfulWoody
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jun 29 2021
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My results as a white, adopted American with no back story on any biological relatives. Always assumed Irish from my looks, wasnโ€™t too far off at all!
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Fuhgedaboutit1
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 20 2021
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The effectiveness of classical biological control of invasive plants besjournals.onlinelibraryโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/TheWonderfulWoody
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jun 29 2021
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Effectiveness of X Totem Supports and Relative Multi-totem Support Strength

This information is extremely simplified. It doesn't account for how difficult it may be to reach Ancestral Bond or class ascendancies, such as +1 totem or % More per totem from Heiro. Nor does it account for how the totem playstyle feels to some players. Also note that some supports simply do not work with totems.

The following is assuming level 20 supports, numbers included for reference. The last column is the number of totems you need to have in order for the totem support to be at least a generic 35% more.

Totem Support name % speed % damage % of player damage per count Total # to hit 35 % More
Spell 60 76 45.6 4 182.4 2.96
Ballista(+2 totems) 50 76 38 6 228 3.55
Earthbreaker 70 100 70 2 140 1.93

A takeaway from here is that Earthbreaker looks good as a primary skill and it might be worth going 1h with a +1 totem shield as the per totem strength is good.

Multiple Totem Support relative strength

Base totems % More
1 137.0
2 58.0
3 31.7
4 18.5
5 10.6
6 5.3
7 1.6
8 -1.3

An important caveat here is that if you use Multiple Support Totem on your slam link, you lose non-Vaal Ancestral Totems. As a personal preference I'd clear with Multiple Totems in the main link for Earthbreaker and then swap it out for Melee Phys(or suchlike) on bosses to enable 3 and 3 link Ancestral Totems, 20% more attack speed + 2 Ancestral Protectors should be better for bursting bosses.

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/xanthics
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 22 2021
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Biological FIL allowed his relatives to use my Fiancee's property for bragging rights

I'm posting this here because I did post it on a different sub and lots of Redditors were confused by my writing ( mobile, autotype).

I was adviced to break it down and post on different subs. So here I go. Background: My Fiancee grew up with her mother and stepfather. Her bio dad "went out for cigarettes" when my SOs mom was six months pregnant. He ghosted her, so she had to move back to her own city because of her bad pregnancy symptoms and he left her to fend for herself. She went back and moved in with her parents.

Bio FIL is a user. He married my soon to be MIL because he was on an MBA program and she was paying for all living expenses so that he could focus on his post graduate. She says she found out he was getting an allowance from his father. Then, he dumped her for his mistress who sounded fancy at the moment because she was on a PhD program, and that turned out to be a lie. The mistress bore him kids, and he basically erased his relationship with first wife by telling his parents that it didn't work out and they had a quick divorce. For clarity, my MIL says she didn't have a relationship with his parents because they eloped and his parents were pissed.

For years, my SOs grandma thought her only grandkids were his kids with the mistress. When FILs mom found out, she immediately asked to meet her eldest Grandkid. My Fiancee says he would suddenly pop into her life and then disappear for years in a row. The grandmother worked to offer her a place as a family member and wanted to pay child support but my MIL refused because she got embarrassed and didn't want problems with my bio FIL. So she basically worked to give my SO the best she could as a single mother until she remarried ( SO was still a kid). Grandma in law was very present and involved and did pay for things (eventually). She also did her best to protect SO when she noticed he was emotionally abusive.

FIL always claimed to be broke, but I don't know how this is even possible for a man who had a good career, and that part is true. I'm not saying he was a star in his industry but he did have a good career because his bragging stories are verifiable. So in his old age (now) he brags about his success but forgets that he was a deadbeat father.

SO was very present when her grandmothers health was declining. She showed up every weekend and also during the week. So, when she died, SO offered a very touching eulogy and people reacted with a standing ovation to honor her grandmother's c

... keep reading on reddit โžก

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Ok-Application4584
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 02 2021
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Been trying to find living relatives of my grandma's biological father for ten years. Does anyone know an Albert Leslie Dobson?

This man served in the RAF on a barrage balloon unit during WWII. He was born and raised in Wakefield, Yorkshire in 1915. After the war he moved to London. He died in Chippenham, Wiltshire in 2000. He went by his middle name Leslie. I know it's a huge longshot but if someone knew him or knows any living relatives of his it would make my whole year. Thanks!

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/knife_guy_alt
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 20 2021
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My mom lied about my biological father. My extended family also kept her secret for 30 years. Should I be just as upset at my mom and at my relatives for lying to me for all these years?

Important note: My step dad was abusive and my relatives used to tell me to "get over his behavior" growing up because he was my "father" and "my blood". I was told the cliche line "blood is thicker than water" multiple times from my mom and extended family as a reminder that I shouldn't cut my abusive step father out of my life because of our "blood relations", despite the fact they all knew we weren't related.

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/StraightMedia1398
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jun 03 2021
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People really do vary in how fast they age, and the divergence starts in young adulthood. By the age of 45, people with a faster pace of "biological aging" were more likely to feel, function and look far older than they actually were. And that relative sprint toward old age began in their 20s. nature.com/articles/s4358โ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Wagamaga
๐Ÿ“…︎ Mar 19 2021
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If a monarch's signifigant other outlives them, and they don't have any biological children, will there be a royal reboot to find a living relative to the monarch or will the signifigant other get the crown?
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/GalaxyOpal56
๐Ÿ“…︎ Apr 19 2021
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Island gigantism is a biological phenomenon in which the size of an animal species isolated on an island increases dramatically in comparison to its mainland relatives. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/Twidlard
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 16 2020
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Effectiveness of home made mask relative to N95 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artiโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/waynefa2
๐Ÿ“…︎ Mar 20 2020
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Casting Adult Adoptees 18-40 who are looking for their biological parents for Season 9 of Relative Race. Must be born in the U.S. relativeracenowcastingseaโ€ฆ
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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/ItsThatGuyAgainYep
๐Ÿ“…︎ Jul 15 2021
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My grandma is adopted, how can I find our biological relatives?

(sorry if i tagged it wrong, iโ€™m new to adoption things) So my grandma was adopted back in 1968, in a completely different state than where she lived for a majority of her life. I was wondering if there was any way to find out who her parents, or possible siblings/cousins are?

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๐Ÿ‘ค︎ u/TurtleBeatch
๐Ÿ“…︎ Mar 21 2021
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How does having a broken family or having your relatives take cares of you instead of your biological parents affects you?
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๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 15 2021
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How does having a broken family or having your relatives take cares of you instead of your biological parents affects you?
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๐Ÿ“…︎ Nov 15 2021
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