Regarding European integration
ok so I am currently doing a little social science and I am a bit lost on some things, so if anyone can explain any of these terms in a basic way?
- Intergovernmentalism
- Liberal intergovernmentalism
- Intergovernmentalistic negotiations
Sorry if this is the wrong subreddit for this...
I think one of the problems with our federation is that centralized taxation for provincial programs needs to be implemented by the Federal Parliament. That the House of Commons is both the House of Confidence and Supply for the federal government and the House primarily responsible for enacting such taxation creates a conflict with the division of powers. I believe this situation to be largely responsible for how the provincial governments deflect responsibility for national programs in their jurisdiction to the federal government, which, under Harper, is throwing it right back their way.
To resolve this, a possibility that has occurred to me is to hand central taxation for provincial purposes wholesale to an entity in the federation capable of exerting a centralizing force while being politically isolated from the federal government and including provincial intergovernmentalism as an integral part of its operation. I don't think the Council of the Federation as it exists today is adequate for this purpose, since handing taxation to an entity that doesn't directly represent the people is anti-democratic. On the other hand, I think the provincial legislatures are collectively too unwieldy to be up to the task of legislating national taxation together.
A structure which I imagine for this entity is instead to rename the Council of the Federation to the College of Premiers, and to create a Council of Confederation (in the sense of "together federating" used when we speak of Canadian Confederation, not in the political sense as distinct from a federation) composed of Councillors elected within their respective provinces and operating using a voting system which gives reasonable representation to each province and region as well as to the people of Canada as a whole. The consent of both the College of Premiers—operating by consensus—and the Council would be needed to enact national taxation for provincial purposes, with the legislation being formally enacted by the Governor General in the name of the Queen on the advice of the Premiers and with the consent of the Council.
I don't imagine Councillors having a full time job when the Premiers haven't proposed legislation, outside of potential committee work, and this would have to be reflected in the salary of Councillors. For the same reason, the number of Councillors would have to be limited, so some form of proportional representation for each province might be desirable to ensure that the pol
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I'm writing a paper and am looking for an overview of every point of criticism on LI, not only by Neofunctionalists, ideally with citations or just hints to literature. My library yields next to nothing and apparently i can't google. Thanks in advance!
EDIT: Done! If anyone ever needs to know again: Check out Ben Rosamond, Theories of European Integration also Daniel Wncott, whose criticism Moravcsik actually responded to and finally look up people like Dorette Corbey, Leon Lindberg and the Maastricht '92 debate in general.
Specifically in relation to the European Union.
Abstract & doi can be found here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00553.x/abstract
Additional information:
For some reason my university library which has access to Wiley, doesn't have access to this particular journal. Might be print only?
This is the best tl;dr I could make, original reduced by 39%. (I'm a bot)
> BRUSSELS, Nov 22 - A greater number of countries are sliding towards authoritarianism, while the number of established democracies under threat has never been so high, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance said on Monday.
> Populist politics, the use of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions to silence critics, a tendency of countries to mimic the anti-democratic behaviour of others, and disinformation used to divide societies are mainly to blame, the Stockholm-based intergovernmental organisation said in a report.
> "More countries than ever are suffering from 'democratic erosion'," IDEA said in its 2021 study on the state of democracy, relying on data compiled since 1975.Register now for FREE unlimited access to reuters.com"The number of countries undergoing 'democratic backsliding' has never been as high," it said, referring to the regressive turn in areas including checks on government and judicial independence, as well as media freedom and human rights.
> Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Serbia are the European countries with the greatest declines in democracy.
> Turkey has seen one of the largest declines between 2010 and 2020."In fact, 70 per cent of the global population now live either in non-democratic regimes or in democratically backsliding countries," the report said.
> "The pandemic provides additional tools and justification for repressive tactics and silencing of dissent in countries as diverse as Belarus, Cuba, Myanmar, Nicaragua and Venezuela," the report said.
Summary Source | FAQ | Feedback | Top keywords: countries^#1 Democracy^#2 pandemic^#3 report^#4 number^#5
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I am wondering how difficult it is for someone who has worked on ESG for an UN-based financial organization (e.g., IMF, World Bank) to get a job in London. I recently got a job offer in London and am wondering if it would be my partner (described above) to find a job as a foreigner. I don't want to go if she won't have professional opportunities.
For reference, she has a BA from UCLA and a master's from Johns Hopkins in international studies. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
