Reasons for the evolution of the amniote egg

Before the amniote egg could evolve, three things needed to be at place first; internal fertilization, laying eggs on land and the whole larval stage had to be completed inside the egg (or at least most of the larval stage, but it helps to hatch as a fully developed juvenile if the adults are specialized for a terrestrial lifestyle).

And they obviously had to be relatively small so they could lay their eggs inside hollow trunks and other small cavities in the environment that protected the eggs from dangers such as hostile conditions and animals that likes to eat eggs.

But nothing of this is unique. Modern amphibians have several times and independently from one another evolved eggs with internal fertilization which are laid in a terrestrial environment and where the offspring hatch as juveniles, having completed the larval stage inside the egg. But they have never evolved eggs with several internal membranes like the amniotes have.

The amniotic egg has at least two benefits; it egg can be bigger and the gas exchange is easier.

Most amphibian eggs are surrounded by an outer layer of jelly which makes gas exchange less efficient (some who lay their eggs on land have developed a more rubbery layer). The ancestors of the amniotes evolved eggs where the outer layer of jelly disappeared, and the water required for the fetus to grow was located on the inside instead. Instead of a jelly layer, these eggs had a primitive shell to protect its content. To this day many snakes and lizards lay eggs in moist places so they can absorb water from the environment. So it was not an adaptation to drier habitats.

And because these animals were already small, it was not an adaptation to larger eggs. That was an opportunity that was taken advantage of later. After all the dinosaur ancestors of birds did not become bipedal so that their descendants could use the front limbs as wings somewhere in the future. The loss of the gelatinous outer layer would also have happened before the evolution of the inner membranes.

So if it was not to lay larger eggs, or protect them against drought, the most likely explanation that remains is gas exchange. Present day reptiles have a higher metabolism and oxygen requirement than amphibians. We don't know if the first proto-amniotes were the same, but it wouldn't be surprising if it was.

Amphibians that breed in water can laid huge amounts of eggs. They can focus on quantity rather than quality. Tiny larvae emerges from the blobs of jel

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Tidemand
πŸ“…︎ Jan 07 2022
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SERIOUS: This subreddit needs to understand what a "dad joke" really means.

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/anywhereiroa
πŸ“…︎ Jan 15 2022
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Blind Girl Here. Give Me Your Best Blind Jokes!

Do your worst!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Leckzsluthor
πŸ“…︎ Jan 02 2022
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This subreddit is 10 years old now.

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/frexyincdude
πŸ“…︎ Jan 14 2022
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Dropped my best ever dad joke & no one was around to hear it

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies πŸ˜‚

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Vegetable-Acadia
πŸ“…︎ Jan 11 2022
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What starts with a W and ends with a T

It really does, I swear!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/PsychedeIic_Sheep
πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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What is a a bisexual person doing when they’re not dating anybody?

They’re on standbi

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Toby-the-Cactus
πŸ“…︎ Jan 12 2022
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What do you call quesadillas you eat in the morning?

Buenosdillas

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πŸ‘€︎ u/FarronKeepSucks
πŸ“…︎ Jan 14 2022
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Geddit? No? Only me?
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πŸ‘€︎ u/shampy311
πŸ“…︎ Dec 28 2021
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I wanna hear your best airplane puns.

Pilot on me!!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Paulie_Felice
πŸ“…︎ Jan 07 2022
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E or ß?
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Amazekam
πŸ“…︎ Jan 03 2022
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No spoilers
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Onfour
πŸ“…︎ Jan 06 2022
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Covid problems
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πŸ‘€︎ u/theincrediblebou
πŸ“…︎ Jan 12 2022
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These aren't dad jokes...

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Lance986
πŸ“…︎ Dec 15 2021
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Pun intended.
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Sharmaji1301
πŸ“…︎ Jan 15 2022
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I had a vasectomy because I didn’t want any kids.

When I got home, they were still there.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/demotrek
πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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What did 0 say to 8 ?

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

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πŸ‘€︎ u/designjeevan
πŸ“…︎ Jan 03 2022
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Spi__
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Fast_Echidna_8520
πŸ“…︎ Jan 11 2022
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I dislike karma whores who make posts that imply it's their cake day, simply for upvotes.

I won't be doing that today!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/djcarves
πŸ“…︎ Dec 27 2021
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What did Spartacus say when the lion ate his wife?

Nothing, he was gladiator.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/rj104
πŸ“…︎ Jan 15 2022
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The Ancient Romans II
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πŸ‘€︎ u/mordrathe
πŸ“…︎ Dec 29 2021
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I'd like to dedicate this joke to my wisdom teeth.

[Removed]

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πŸ‘€︎ u/ThoughtPumP
πŸ“…︎ Jan 14 2022
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How do you stop Canadian bacon from curling in your frying pan?

You take away their little brooms

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Majorpain2006
πŸ“…︎ Jan 09 2022
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I did it, I finally did it. After 4 years and 92 days I went from being a father, to a dad.

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Sk2ec
πŸ“…︎ Jan 01 2022
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It this sub dead?

There hasn't been a post all year!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/TheTreelo
πŸ“…︎ Jan 01 2022
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School Was Clothed
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Kennydoe
πŸ“…︎ Jan 08 2022
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Letting loose with these puns
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πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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Couch potato
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πŸ“…︎ Dec 31 2021
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Baka!
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πŸ‘€︎ u/ridi86
πŸ“…︎ Jan 09 2022
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All dad jokes are bad and here’s why

Why

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πŸ‘€︎ u/LordCinko
πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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concrete πŸ—Ώ
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Fast_Echidna_8520
πŸ“…︎ Jan 07 2022
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My name is ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

It’s pronounced β€œNoel.”

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πŸ‘€︎ u/beef_fried_rice
πŸ“…︎ Dec 25 2021
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Why are people so surprised and angry about Djokovic being an anti-vaxxer?

After all his first name is No-vac

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πŸ‘€︎ u/hangryman23
πŸ“…︎ Jan 06 2022
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If Korean pop is shortened to Kpop and Korean Drama is Kdrama...

What, then, is Chinese rap?

Edit:

Notable mentions from the comments:

  • Spanish/Swedish/Swiss/Serbian hits

  • French/Finnish art

  • Country/Canadian rap

  • Chinese/Country/Canadian rock

  • Turkish/Tunisian/Taiwanese rap

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πŸ‘€︎ u/hootanahalf
πŸ“…︎ Jan 09 2022
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That’s Michelle
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πŸ‘€︎ u/FLEXSEALBREAKER
πŸ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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Is this sub still active?

There hasn't been a single post this year!

(Happy 2022 from New Zealand)

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πŸ‘€︎ u/DonStimpo
πŸ“…︎ Dec 31 2021
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What did the ocean say to the beach?

Nothing, it just waved

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πŸ‘€︎ u/hackerboi1198
πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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is Isn't
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πŸ‘€︎ u/mordrathe
πŸ“…︎ Jan 11 2022
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My 9 year old son just asked me to pretend I was a police officer arresting him for downloading the entire Wikipedia. Me: Young man, you're under arrest for downloading the entire Wikipedia!

Him: I can explain everything!

(It's his best joke yet I think)

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πŸ‘€︎ u/MrPJ2020
πŸ“…︎ Jan 14 2022
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@u/mordrathe - remix
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πŸ‘€︎ u/SpydrRydr
πŸ“…︎ Jan 12 2022
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[PI] Aurelian

Original Post

The man stood upon the podium, and his voice would change the galaxy.

As the Solar Empire collapsed, torn apart from within by political scheming and corruption, and assaulted from beyond by alien warlords and piratical clans, the fate of House Camoran was cast in shadow. House Camoran was the ruling house of the Solar Empire, the origin of all nobility and aristocracy that grew in the ages following the dark days of humanity's discovery that life lay beyond their orb of green and blue. Little of House Camoran survived the chaos that immediately followed the collapse of the empire. The patriarch and matriarch were both assassinated, beheaded in a military coup led by a deranged but opportunistic general, who the king had once called friend. While the coup had been short-lived, quickly snuffed out by the royal guard of House Camoran, the damage had been done, and would never be mended. The son and heir to House Camoran was far too young to claim the throne, and the Council refused to even consider appointing a temporary regent, as each sought to advance their own ends, making consensus impossible. Ultimately, the son of House Camoran, alongside those who still claimed loyalty to the throne, disappeared, fading from history as Terra was engulfed in nuclear hellfire, as Terra became a battleground between the warring factions desperate for ultimate power over the remnants of humanity.

For centuries, the fate of House Camoran became both a mystery, and finally a footnote in what few history books survived the cataclysm. Few knew the name Camoran, and fewer still knew the power it once carried, the glory it once held. None living remembered the golden days, when humanity traveled between the planets of its cradle in peace and security, when technology was not arcane and esoteric but mastered and controlled, with new advancements made every day. But there were those who had preserved the memory of those times and the knowledge of those distant days. Little would be known about this secretive warband, save that they called the Himalayan Mountains their domain. None could challenge their dominion, though many had tried. The corpses of the foolish and the wreckage of war machines littered the mountainside, torn apart by bizarre weaponry most had forgotten even existed. Only their name had only ever been discovered, which prompted more myster

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ‘€︎ u/LeFilthyHeretic
πŸ“…︎ Nov 08 2021
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What do you call a guy with no arms and no legs in a hot tub?

Bob

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πŸ‘€︎ u/4fuchssake
πŸ“…︎ Jan 05 2022
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I named my dog "5 miles."

So that I could frequently say, "I am going to walk 5 miles now."

Edit: My most popular post on Reddit! πŸ˜€ Thank you for the awards.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/javacafe
πŸ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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My WIFI password is 2444666668888888

Just to clarify, 12345678

πŸ‘︎ 6k
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πŸ‘€︎ u/az1m_
πŸ“…︎ Jan 03 2022
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Possibly the greatest Snap Reaction dad joke I've ever told (it even got me a POWERFUL groan and vehement FU from my wife)

Me grabbing a soda from my (what I thought was) half full 12pk...

Notices there's only 2;

Me: "Awe man... This is a damn bird box!" Her: "What the hell does that mean?!" Me: (Pulls both cans out & shows them to her) "It's only got Toucans."

I'm not ashamed to admit the look on her face was glorious.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/AKhakiNerfHerder
πŸ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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I can't believe I was arrested for impersonating a politician...

I was just sitting there doing nothing.

πŸ‘︎ 9k
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πŸ‘€︎ u/ENJOYblet
πŸ“…︎ Jan 05 2022
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The two genders
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πŸ‘€︎ u/ShrimpRex
πŸ“…︎ Dec 27 2021
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Guns
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πŸ‘€︎ u/PlayYo-KaiWatch21
πŸ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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