Lemma (morphology) Puns

As the title suggests.

I'm looking for a website or a program which does the above. Preferably for Swedish but if it does multiple languages so much the better for everyone here.

If you're not sure what I mean by this - a "lemma" is the root word from which conjugations come. So, to give an English example - ring, rang, ringing would all be considered as 1 word under "ring".

I have a list of words from which I'm working with, as I read content via Foreign Language Text Reader and add definitions as I encounter new words. The problem is, it saves each word as an individual entry, rather than as groups of words which are related via being different conjugations - therefore the list is much bigger because of individual entries.

Does anything like this exist out there? I've searched to no avail.

Finally getting around to trying to understand a bit of this field and it’s pretty disheartening to be spinning my wheels on what’s supposed to be an elementary lemma, especially since I usually don’t have trouble with “abstract nonsense” topics and find them pretty natural (heh).

I feel like I’ve got an ok handle on what it’s trying to get at but honestly haven’t been able to find a proof that doesn’t just feel like obscure diagram chasing followed by one or two lines saying “and of course trivially this is a bijection”

I have:

Lemma all_inheritance: forall {X: Type} (test: X->bool) (b:bool) (x: X) (l: list X),

(forall x0:X, In x0 (x::l) -> test x0 = b)

-> (forall x1:X, In x1 l -> test x1 = b).

And a premise:

all : forall x0 : X,

In x0 (x :: l1) -> test x0 = true

But if I go

apply all_inheritance in all.

I get message:

Unable to find an instance for the variable x1.

Why I can't apply my lemma? How should I use it to restrict "all"?

That's 40 students I could assign elsewhere. If the lemmas don't provide any bonuses I'm not likely to keep them unlocked unless I specifically feel like messing about with them.

Also, I beat the lemmas! Not too bad once you realize that dot over variable notation means variable per second.

Hi guys, I need your help. I can't pass Lemma 4. I have tried it over a dozen times now and the best I could get was 9.91e10. What was your tactic? Thanks for your help.

On page 554 of Hull (equation 24.4) it is stated that Ito's lemma can be used to deduce that

s_E E_0 = dE/dV s_V V_0

Where s_E is the volatility of a company's equity, s_V is the volatility of a company's assets, E_0 is the current value of the company's equity, and V_0 is the current value of the company's assets.

Can anyone help me to see where this has come from? To what do you apply Ito's lemma to get this result?

I've been studying p-adic numbers and got to Hensel's lemma, which seems pretty powerful, to the point that I can't imagine the theorem it relates to. I imagine that there are instances where the lemma is very strong and the corresponding theorem doesn't improve it that much.

Three months ago, I made a thread here asking for assistance on how to increase my husband’s motility and morphology. His first sperm analysis results were as follows:

Total Motile Count: 56 million

Motility: 17%

Morphology: 0%

We took the advice here to get him on a vitamin regime (NAC, CoQ10, Fish Oil, Zinc, L-Carnitine, Vitamin D, Men’s Multivitamin) and daily 30 minute icings for three months. Yesterday, we got the results of his second SA:

Total Motile Count: 254 million

Motility: 70%

Progressive Motility: 68%

Morphology: 1%

It’s such a huge improvement!! But his morphology is still below average. My RE seems to think his results are okay for now, but should we be concerned regardless? Are there any vitamins specifically for increasing morphology?

I'm 27, my husband is 29. TTC for about 18 months. We're both overall healthy. My tests have all come back normal, my husbands morphology came back at 1%. He doesnt smoke or drink, doesnt even drink coffee. We eat pretty healthy and walk a lot. He's been taking a mens multivitamin , coq-10 , l-carnitine & alpha liporic acid since the 1st SA results. He retested after a few months on the supplements and was still 1% Has anyone had a similar situation?? Were you able to concieve naturally? How long did it take ? Or did you need iui or ivf? Any info is really appreciated 💕

Just wrote all this up for the Conlang Mailing List; figured I might as well post it here as well.

Templatic morphology, of a sort best known from Semitic, is minorly relevant in my conlang Mirja. Mirja mostly has normal concatenative morphology (alongside a host of phonological processes that screw with the resulting sequence of phonemes), but it has one template-based morphological process (or possibly two if I decide to go along with my idea for another one): plurality is indicated by making sure the last two syllables of a word follow a (C)VVCV pattern:

nali 'person' > naali 'people (in general)'
rhakama 'leader' > rhakaama 'leaders (in general)'

(This is usually a kind of collective plural rather than a true more-than-one plural, except with pronouns.)

This pattern doesn't get realised until after the addition of any other morphology:

naliri 'person-OBL' > naliiri 'person\PL-OBL'
rhakamara 'leader-OBL' > rhakamaara 'leader\PL-OBL'

It will end up overriding skeletal positions that are incompatible with the pattern, even if they're part of the root; and roots that already fit the pattern remain unchanged:

anna 'friend' > aana 'friends'
maali 'cat'~'cats'

So what happens to words that are only one syllable, and don't have enough material to fill the template in the first place? It seems like you just copy and paste:

ma '2sg' > maama '2pl'
no '1sg' > noono '1pl'

However, it turns out there's no copying involved whatsoever: you've just replaced the shape of the word, but not the underlying segments. From an autosegmental perspective, you still only have the segments /ma/ or /no/, they're just associated to a CVVCV skeleton - with the result that e.g. one /m/ is multiply associated to two C positions. In a lot of languages, there's no non-theoretical motivation for this analysis versus the copy-paste analysis, but in Mirja there is - because there's a morpheme that's just a floating feature bundle* that docks to the last consonant of a word and turns it into a voiceless fricative:

ma '2sg' > mha [ɸa] '2sg\TOP'
no '1sg' > nho [θɔ] '1sg\TOP'

When this attaches to a one-syllable root word that's been extended to fit the CVVCV plural template, both of the 'copies' of the consonant are altered:

maama '2pl' > mhaamha [ɸaaɸa] '2pl\TOP'
noono '1pl' > nhoonho [θɔɔθɔ] '1pl\TOP'

From a theoretical perspective, there's only one cons

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780750/

The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor is the most abundant serotonin receptor subtype in the cortex and is predominantly expressed in pyramidal neurons. The 5-HT2A receptor is a target of several hallucinogens, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants, and it has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, conditions that are also associated with aberrations in dendritic spine morphogenesis. However, the role of 5-HT2A receptors in regulating dendritic spine morphogenesis in cortical neurons is unknown.

Here we show that the 5-HT2A receptor is present in a subset of spines, in addition to dendritic shafts. It colocalizes with PSD-95 and with multiple PDZ protein-1 (MUPP1) in a subset of dendritic spines of rat cortical pyramidal neurons.

MUPP1 is enriched in postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions, is targeted to spines in pyramidal neurons, and enhances the localization of 5-HT2A receptors to the cell periphery. 5-HT2A receptor activation by the 5-HT2 receptor agonist DOI induced a transient increase in dendritic spine size, as well as phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase (PAK) in cultured cortical neurons. PAK is a downstream target of the neuronal Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RacGEF) kalirin-7 that is important for spine remodeling.

Kalirin-7 regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis in neurons but its role in neuromodulator signaling has not been investigated. We show that peptide interference that prevents the localization of kalirin-7 to the postsynaptic density disrupts DOI-induced PAK phosphorylation and spine morphogenesis.

These results suggest a potential role for serotonin signaling in modulating spine morphology and kalirin-7's function at cortical synapses.

I'm a beginner at conlanging and I decided to try to work out the morphology of my conlang. Essentially, I'm looking to see if this is "good."

-

-

-

Morphology

• Verbs
  • Tense
    • Not distinguished in present-tense verb usage
    • Distinguished by suffixes and are “attached” by a hyphen (written after the verb with a hyphen between)
    • Tenses: General past, distant past, recent past, present, near future, distant future, general future
    • Tense-distinguishing suffixes only have meaning when connected to verbs
  • Mood
    • Distinguished in verb conjugations
    • Moods: Imperative, indicative
    • Other moods are distinguished by modal auxiliary verbs that preface the main verb. These include; Subjunctive, conditional, hortative
  • Aspect is not distinguished
  • Voice
    • Voice is distinguished by word order
    • Only really uses one voice
  • Person and Number
    • Person and number are distinguished by verb conjugation
    • Agrees with the subject of the sentence
  • Evidentiality is not distinguished
• Nouns
  • Case
    • Same as English; mostly gone, but still evident in pronouns
    • Cases primarily used: Nominative, accusative/oblique, genitive/possessive
  • “Gender”
    • Originally used 3 classifications: human, non-human, inanimate
    • Exposed to different cultures, forced concepts of male and female
    • Eventually added a neutral classification
    • Modern-usage of “gender” classification: masculine human, neutral human, feminine human, non-human, inanimate
  • Number is only distinguished in pronouns (+ verb conjugation)
  • Person
    • Only distinguished in pronouns (+ verb conjugation)
    • Uses 3 types of “person”: 1st, 2nd, 3rd

Syntax

• SVO word order
• Modifiers
  • Auxiliary words tend to come before the word they modify
  • Adjectives / adverbs come after the word they modify
• Ex. “If I had known, I could have easily helped you yesterday.”
  • If it were written in my conlang, it would have a sentence structure that would read similar to;
    • Yesterday + I + hypothetical past-tense + know, 1st person singular + I + factual implication + help, 1st person singular + -recent past + easy + you