Haploinsufficiency Puns

Here are some definitions straight from my TPR bio book. Would anyone be able to explain what the difference is between loss of heterozygosity, hemizygosity, and haploinsufficiency? Thank you!

https://preview.redd.it/58i4f7dw3fg31.png?width=773&format=png&auto=webp&s=36c115b64a0f2a5dbd0ef56adc3afd502f47d45b

Wondering about your thoughts on how to best distinguish between haploinsufficiency and dominant negative mechanisms through laboratory experiments. Haploinsufficiency would mean that there is less protein product so less protein complexes are formed but they are still functional. Dominant negative would either mean that the complexes don't form or there is less catalytic activity because the mutant protein is interfering with wild-type function. So would measuring the amount of protein complexes and activity differentiate between the two mechanisms? Thanks for the help!

Is it that dominant negative mutated allele impacts the wild-type allele, and renders it inactive? Thus no wild-type function from the protein?

And is haploinsufficiency just that you have one wild-type allele, with the other one lost, but that one functional allele is not sufficient to promote the wild-type activity?

I have to a write report on a paper, and one of the experiments the authors are using is drug induced Haploinsufficiency in yeast to identify drug targets. If a yeast strain heterzygous for a target of the drug and is grown in the presence of the drug, apparently it doesn't grow as well at the WT yeast grown in the same concentration of drug.

Could anyone explain to me the biochemistry occurring here? Why are the heterozygous strains more sensitive to the drug, and why is the drug killing these more sensitive yeast strains? I understand that the heterozygous yeast strains have less of the drug target proteins, but what does that have to do with the yeast surviving or not?

Can someone give me a definition of what exactly haploinsufficiency means?

From What I understand it means that one good copy of a particular gene is not enough to produce a wild type phenotype in an organism. Could it also apply to deleterious alleles? For instance, could having one bad copy of the allele not be enough to develop the disease or would you have a moderately affected phenotype?

Wondering about your thoughts on how to best distinguish between haploinsufficiency and dominant negative mechanisms through laboratory experiments. Haploinsufficiency would mean that there is less protein product so less protein complexes are formed but they are still functional. Dominant negative would either mean that the complexes don't form or there is less catalytic activity because the mutant protein is interfering with wild-type function. So would measuring the amount of protein complexes and activity differentiate between the two mechanisms?

Thanks for the help!