Sign language
The two nonsibilant dental fricatives Γ° and ΞΈ are very rare among the world's languages - only 40 languages in the world have them.
But among these 40 languages are English, Arabic, and Spanish (in most of their dialects), some of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
Why is this sound so rare among languages when it's not at all rare among speakers?
EDIT: I definitely should have clarified, that while most Spanish dialects use Γ°, it's an allophone of d, they're not phonemically contrasted.
Everyone can speak it perfectly, no other language can be invented or learned (except stuff like body language, sign language, programming languages).
If you think about it, math is the language that helps humans understand the universe. Different aspects of math originated from different places around the globe. How come math has been able to stay globally consistent, but spoken languages are all different depending on where you live?
I hope my question makes sense. Thanks in advance!
So why do so many people believe in a religion that says, essentially, yes, these things actually happened? Sometimes I think the best evidence against the Christian religion is simply to accept the 'miracle-less' reality of our world.
As a DM who speaks my native language, English, German and can improvise a little bit of Italian, using these languages as common, elvish, gnomish/dwarvish and Halfling respectively has made playing more fun. Especially considering the fact that a lot of my players can speak these languages. I came up with the idea when I played a gnome and my friend played his brother. We both spoke german, as did our DM, and that made the table dynamics very funny and fun at times.
edit: A cool idea for people who don't speak many languages is to use just 1 that you know for everything except common.
Awards :o
Tagamian is a etnics is located in the north-east of African continent and the meaning of "Tagam" in the Tagam language is the hunter.Origin of Tagamian language is Proto-Tagam.They lived in Tagamistan.
Phonology
Consonant
| O | labial | alveolar | postalveolar/palatal | velar | glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m | n | Ε | ||
| plosive | p b | t d | k Ι‘ | (Κ) | |
| fricative | f | s z | Κ Κ | (x)(Ι£) | h |
| affricative | tΚ dΚ | ||||
| approximant | l | j | w | ||
| trill | rΜ₯ r |
Vowel
| O | front | back |
|---|---|---|
| close | iΛ | uΛ |
| mid | e | o |
| open | aΛ | Κ |
Spelling rules
| pronunciation | spelling |
|---|---|
| Ε | ng |
| Κ | '(Arabic loanwords) |
| Κ | ch(in ends of a words),sh(Arabic loanwords) |
| Κ | j(in ends of a words),zh(rare and don't use)>/Κ/ |
| x | k(only in dialect) |
| Ι£ | g(only in dialect) |
| tΚ | ch |
| dΚ | j |
| j | y |
| rΜ₯ | rh |
| Κ | a |
| a | Δ |
Pronoun
| O | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| first | refa | hefij |
| second | kapir | Δdor |
| third | eluy/olaw | atΔg |
eluy - pronoun "eluy" is use to animate like human,animals and plant including knowledge,god and deities,part of a body and language olaw - pronoun "olaw" is use to inanimate in place,non-living object(book,shirt,ball),idea,feeling and concept
Is you use pronoun determiner you add prefix -tu in pronoun word. Example Turefa ketΔb - my book
Number 1 - wigorh 2 - kidΔ 3 - jedang 4 - sabe 5 - tedan 6 - ngekif 7 - yoro 8 - sarha 9 - ukΔ 10 - hichi
Some word Human - mapor Man - yasa Woman - kebΔf Knife - resa Book - ketΔb Good morning - gihΔ wapi
Introduction
It is popular for people to complain that they learned nothing in their four years of high school language classes because the teaching methods were low quality. I would argue that the low rate of success in language learning is due more to limitations of high school language classes imposed from outside the classroom than from low-quality teaching. This is not to say that bad teachers do not exist because they obviously do, but I learned next to nothing from even my good Spanish teachers in high school (and two out of three of my high school Spanish teachers were excellent).
For the purposes of estimating realistic learning expectations, I have used Autolingualβs study time calculator, available here. For the limitations below, I have based the information on my own district in California. Limitations vary in different parts of the United States, no doubt, but I hardly think what I have described is outside the norm. My observations are based on over two decades of teaching, but I am not in the World Languages department. I have not included AP classes when discussing motivation or homework completion among students.
Limitations in the Public High School World Language Classroom
- Low motivation of students: In any given class, particularly in year one and year two classes, three quarters or more of the students actually have no interest in learning the language and are taking the course to satisfy graduation or A-G requirements. Many stop after completing their second year.
- Underfunded classes: In my high school, the world language department has gotten no funding for resources since 1996, and the only reason they got money in 1996 was because that was when the school was built. The teachers have had to supplement with their own money and beg for donations. They are sometimes able to get some resources through lottery funds, but those funds are sparse and quickly snatched up by equally underfunded departments like performing and visual arts.
- Disrespected classes: The classes are not considered a βcoreβ subject and are often not prioritized during scheduling discussions with students. Often students are βdumpedβ into whichever language class has room, and if there are scheduling issues after a student has taken one year, no effort is made to resolve those conflicts; instead, the student is advised to βtake a year offβ from the language. It is not uncommon for a st
Fantasy fictional languages run the gamut. There are complete/semi complete conlangs like Dothraki or Sindarin/Quenya (I forget the "correct" terminology, Tolkein's elvish) which are mostly original but with some syntax and morphology borrowed from real life languages for inspiration. Somewhere in the middle we have languages like Paolini's elvish in the Inheritance cycle where its clear some effort went into originality but you can tell most of the vocabulary was borrowed. Then we have things like Harry Potter where it's just fake latin.
As a discussion point what do you think is the best path? When your characters speak or read a fantasy language do you think it's best to use a real-life language as a base, or go complete gibberish?
The way I see it going to complete conlang is the most authentic, because a language clearly based on Anglo-saxon, latin, or whatever can be immersion breaking in a world in which those languages never existed. On the other hand unless you know a thing or two about language and the science behind it your gibberish will be just that, gibberish. Adapting a real language or group of languages into your fantasy tongue adds some degree of realism, you language will actually sound like a language.
So it seems to me then if your fantasy language will only be used in a very limited context you could probably go full gibberish and get away with it. But if you plan on creating any sort of corpus in that language you either need to study the science of conlangs (a TON of work) or just fantasticate a real life language for convenience.
But these are my layman's opinions. What do y'all have to say on the topic of creating fantasy languages?
1 year ago, in the frightening start of Covid, after becoming a new father and woefully in need of a project to regain my identity, I started Tour of Rust to try to solve a desire in my life of wishing there was some simple documentation that I wish I had when starting Rust. Even as a developer it took me some 3 years to gain my "crab legs" and feel confident with coding Rust. I'd admired Tour of Go for so long I felt something like this should exist.
Through the serendipitous of Rust Playground's existance, github pages, and some free time on my hand while holding a baby Tour of Rust started to come into existance. Many nights were spent trying to dream up what would be the right order to describe the most fundamental topics of Rust.
What I did not expect when starting this project is how deep the generosity of the internet truly is. One by one, many folks appears in my github with issues, pull requests, and suggestions for how to make working with the project easier. I did my best to embrace folks in with as much autonomy as I could offer.
What evolved was a project I feel endlessly proud of. It's not perfect, but it is good and it is useful I believe to a Rustacean at a certain point in their exploration.
I had the honor of working with Dhghomon who was a major contributor and went on to create his own Rust in Easy English ( https://github.com/Dhghomon/easy_rust ) which I deeply admire and serves the world in a way I could never imagine.
The whole experience left me with a sense of connectedness in the world in my efforts. That my place in this long dance of creation is neither the start or the end. I send my thanks out to everyone who participates in this project and hope this message inspires you a bit as well in your own journey.
I'm a computer science student, and, even if I'm interested in these topics, it's hard to see the applications.
I read on the Lojban website that a group of people came together to make Lojban, and I read that they also observe the community in an experimental way in order to see how the language is working and if there are any suggestions or any improvements for the language.
Is it true that Lojban was made by a group of scientists, and that engineers and scientists are interested in it? What is being done to promote the language to others and to get people interested in the language? Also, why are words so difficult to pronounce? Some words are even difficult for an English speaker to pronounce even though the English language has many phonemes (sounds) and consonant clusters. If the top 5 languages were chosen to create words for Lojban, then why were the most common phonemes and common consonant clusters in the top 5 (or top ten) languages not chosen to make it more easy to pronounce for the world, instead of including more rare combinations and less common sounds?
It's funny. It turns out that we are surrounded by ghosts that nothing can hurt. They can't even find us, but they are still angry that we are laughing at them here. We meet demons living according to the laws of their own dimensions. We can enter any of them, if, of course, are smart enough. Or stupid enough, depending on the circumstances.
A person belonging to an imminent reality is in an unenviable position. Silver bullets of violence are too expensive and rarely hit the mark. And for the silver language of demagoguery, you will have to pay with your own flesh and blood. Of course, there are ways and means to escape reality. There was always a tempting solution. Those who have walked this path will never return. And yet this is the only way out. Otherworldly beings can be dealt with through rituals that speak to them in their own language.
This is the supreme language. The language of all demons and ghosts. It resonates with the universe dissolving into eternity. Magical interaction rejects the factual and the mechanical in favor of the experienced and the symbolic. Rituals create a system that allows any creature, from the most naive to the most sophisticated, to plunge into a world of limitless imagination. However, immersed in witchcraft, a person begins to associate with previously invisible forces. To be a wizard means not to believe in anything. This means fully committing yourself to art, no matter how irrational or contradictory it may seem. Mages do not become otherworldly beings. They just understand magic the moment they finally start to see themselves as one of them.
In the digital age, controversy resembles the occult, and therefore there is no longer a need to hide personal beliefs, much less protect them. Personal experience is my personal experience, whether others share it or not. You can argue with ghosts and demons, but only with the help of complex rituals and subtle manipulations. Talking to them already violates the laws of nature. To challenge them is madness. Challenging them is freedom. Challenging them is fun.
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