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Hi, I am a first-year biology teacher beginning my unit on Mendelian genetics. I have no questions about the concepts, they are pretty straightforward. However, I am having difficulty finding easy-to-understand examples of codominance and incomplete dominance relevant to urban students (majority black and Hispanic). When I investigate common ones that I know from high school, such as wavy hair, I cannot find any trustworthy, scientific sources that actually confirm that wavy hair is caused by incomplete dominance. In fact, many classic human examples (e.g. ear lobes) have not shown up in any trustworthy sources. The reliable lists of codominance and incomplete dominance in humans are very small.

I want to use real examples with my students, rather than made-up genes, when possible. So I have a couple of questions:

• What gene, if any, causes wavy hair in heterozygotes (vs straight or curly hair)?
• Is the above specific to people of European descent, or is it applicable to people of African descent too? Natural black hair seems to be classified separately from curly hair.
• Are there any other examples of incomplete dominance or codominance in physical human traits? Blood type and sickle cell anemia aren't as tangible as I would like...
• Am I crazy??? Or are those classic "dinner table genetics" examples like hair texture or ear lobes not scientifically supported?

Thank you!

So half of my family is highly myopic (grandfather had -14, mother -7, her siblings also mostly from -9 to and I'm -6). I've noticed that as myopic members of my family / extended family marry people with 20/20 vision, their offspring have better eyesight than they do. And our family's myopia gets diluted as we 4-eyed geeks are fortunate enough to find a 20/20 spouse.

According to the NIH high myopia may have a clear pattern of inheritance when associated with a single gene. The link says it could be either dominant or recessive, but this is not the case as observed in my family. Would this be incomplete dominance?

Where can I find more information about this?

So I was taught in class that codominance was when both traits are expressed. An example of this would be a black-feathered chicken (BB) and a white-feathered chicken (bb) that have a heterozygous chick (Bb) that grows up to be black and white speckled. Incomplete dominance is when there is a homogenous blend of both traits. For example, a tall human person (TT) and a small human person (tt) have a heterozygous child (Tt) with average height (I'm just assuming only one gene controls height for the sake of simplicity).

The problem arose when my teacher gave an example of incomplete dominance. It stated a red-petalled flower (RR) and a white-petalled (rr) cross-pollinate and make a heterozygous pink-flowered flower (Rr). Whenever I ask anyone, they say this is incomplete dominance. They explain it is because the color is a blend of both red and white.

However, let's assume there is a species of plant with flowers that have pigment cells. These cells can either be red cells or white cells. The color of the flower is given by different proportions of these cells. So a white flower has 100% white cells, a red flower has 100% red cells, and a pink flower has 50% red cells and 50% white cells.

So I say that this is codominance because both traits are being expressed and not a blend (it only appears to be a blend, but after looking under a microscope one can see the individual cells). But people just repeat the definitions and don't really answer my question.

So I ask fancy science side of Reddit, why is it not codominance?

Hi! So when flowers breed, especially if they have two different dominant sets of genes, they blend colors. I know that in the tulip community, many people breed darker reds to get “black” tulips. I don’t know too much about genetics, but I’m wondering how far incomplete dominance goes when it comes to flower petals, what the mutations can do, or how harmful they are for the plants.

Wanted to ask now instead of waiting tomorrow morning to ask my prof.

For my assignment I'm doing a fly breeding simulator, I'm supposed to identify which body colour (ebony or yellow) is dominant/recessive but heterozygous is incomplete dominance (sable). What type of cross am I supposed to do to determine this because I can't figure it out :( Thank you!

I have several questions related to genetics, especially the inheritance of co-dominant/incompletely dominant genes.

1.) I know that human blood is a good example of incomplete dominance in genes. A and B are both dominant and will result in AB type blood if one parent is A and one parent is B. However, I don't know of any real-world example where more than 3 alleles exist and more than 2 are dominant.

2.) What if there was a third dominant blood type: type C? This might result in AC or BC type blood, but what if an AB parent has a baby with a C parent? Would it result in ABC blood? If an ABC parent had a child with an AB parent, would the child be ABC, but more AB than C?

2a.) If ABC blood type is possible, how would one convey that using a Punnett square? (Or have I gone beyond the limits of what Punnett square technology can provide?)

3.) Also, let's say that there's an additional recessive blood type: Type P. If a Type O and a Type P parent have a baby, would the baby exhibit "incomplete recessiveness" with OP blood...?

4.) If you have 2 AB parents and fill out a Punnett square to determine what their offspring may be like, it implies that their offspring would have a 50% chance of inheriting the AB blood type, a 25% chance of inheriting the A-blood type, and a 25% chance of inheriting the B blood-type. Is this true? My understanding was that two AB parents would have a 100% chance of having a child with the AB blood type (unlikely inheritance quirks notwithstanding.)

Any real-world examples would be much appreciated!

Note: I have a roughly high-school level understanding of heredity and genetics.

Or does it not matter?

Hey everybody,

I've run into a bit of an issue on my problem set.

Essentially, the question is, what happens if you perform a theoretical experiment in which an allele that displays incomplete dominance (when paired with another dominant allele) is inserted into a reporter assay with a recessive loss of function allele for the same phenotype.

I assume this would result in the dominant allele showing complete dominance over its recessive counterpart despite the fact that it's incompletely dominant when with another dominant allele, but I'm not certain.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Context 1: We know very few about the DaOT anyways, but the few we do know only paint a very scary picture on what the DaOT can be about

From my previous post, here, that aimed to clarify what the Men of Gold and Stone were, as well as describing a potential Man of Stone, we now have an idea on what the populations of man were like in the original empire of the DaOT. However, the reality was that it was actually a pretty shitty time for a lot of people involved.

As a reminder, the DaOT's population consisted of 3 separate transhuman races of man, these races consist of the Men of Gold, a genetically engineered master race that arose due to certain levels of selective breedinng, the Men of Stone, a race of cybog intelligences specifically called "organic intelligence, created artificially", and the Men of Iron referred to the Abominable Intelligence so infamously known in the setting. But among these 3 baseline humans are assumed to still exist, and they weren't placed at the top of the totem pole. Instead, they were likely at the bottom, alongside the Men of Gold and Men of Iron, with the Men of Stone at the top. This was because of the fact that during the course of human history, the Men of Stone played the most important role in helping man spread across the galaxy and forming the Interstellar empire of the DaOT:

>JOURNAL OF KEEPER CRIPIAS
>
>Dated in the year of our Emperor 993.M41
>
>For seventy long years I have laboured as Master Finnias laboured before me, and Master Shadiel before him, through eight hundred and thirty six generations of Keepers of the Library Sanctus of Terra. It has been our endeavour, our life-long aim, to compile a history of the majesty of the Human Race from the archives which are our worship*. In his benevolent wisdom, the Emperor has granted me the singular and great honour and pleasure of completing this sacred task in my own lifespan.*
>
>Through copious notes and periods of cogitation I have pieced together the history and pre-history of Mankind into the greatest antiquities of time. *Here I have revealed my findings for the first time, for as it was in the time of the First Keeper, Solomon, our knowledge has passed by oratory and not written word. However, in thes

After the national championship game this past week, I heard a lot of pundits telling me how much faster UGA and Bama's players looked. I'm a Big Ten fan, and I'll begrudgingly admit that these two were far and away the best teams in CFB this year. However, this quip about the two teams looking faster made the data analyst in me interested in seeing if the fabled SEC Speed was a real thing.

Data Collection

I scraped each year's combine results dating back to the 2010 NFL Combine from Pro Football Reference and, after some cleaning, managed to produce a csv file containing combine results from every players dating back to 2010. I picked 2010 because it felt like a good clean cutoff and this isn't a serious-enough study to worry about it.

Then, I grouped each conference's results to get a picture of how they compare to one another. We grouped non-power 5 conferences together as there were too many schools and I didn't want to make a list of schools for each non-Power 5 conference by hand.

Missing Data

It should be noted that some players didn't have data for every combine event, so I worked with what was posted on Pro-Football Reference. Because of this, one could argue my dataset is incomplete, and they would probably be right, but this is how I spent my Friday night and I'm sticking with it. To be honest I don't have the time or wherewithal to chase down some App State Lineman's 3-cone drill. If that's your thing, more power to ya.

Results

Below are the average 40-yard times for each conference at the combine:

40 yard dash average times by conference -- All Players

Out of the 6 conference groupings, the SEC ranked 5th in terms of average 40-yard dash times. histograms here show the distribution of 40-yard times for each conference. No conference has

#Part 5 – Mists of Pandaria

This is the fifth part of my write-up about World of Warcraft. You can read the first four by clicking the links below.

• Part 1 - Beta and Vanilla

• Part 2 - Burning Crusade

• Part 3 - Wrath of the Lich King

• Part 4 - Cataclysm

An Unexpected Trademark

It was mid-2011. The final patch of Cataclysm was on its way, and Blizzcon was just around the corner. The subject of World of Warcraft’s next expansion had begun to gain traction once again, and as was tradition, the internet became awash with leaks. Some promised Old Gods, some foresaw Kul’Tiras or Zandalar or Nazjatar, Tel’Abim or Suramar or Sargeras – in short, players made every possible prediction in the vain hope that one of them might be proven right.

But none of them were.

No one could have predicted Pandaria.

It wasn’t until the user ‘Mynsc’ went wading through the US Patent and Trademark Office website in search of info about Titan – Blizzard’s ‘open-secret’ new game in development – that they stumbled upon a recently-filed trademark by the name of ‘Mists of Pandaria’. Among all the theory-crafting and scavenging for information, it had been there a week, out in the open where anyone could find it, and yet completely overlooked.

It was immediately dismissed by many users as a book, a figurine, an in-game microtransaction perhaps. They cast it aside and turned to the more realistic leaks. But upon further inspection, the trademark was for a game, distributed on CD-ROMs with instruction manuals and guides. It had to be WoW content.

Okay, the community said. Then it was a patch.

>”they don't trademark patches. If they never did before, why now?”

Then it had to be some kind of trading-card game spin off. Definitely not an expansion.

>”The international class used in the trademark is the same as they used for previous expansions. The timing and information for the Mists of Pandaria trademark matches that of The Burning Crusade, Wrath of the Lich King, and Cataclysm. If this i

A Necessary Introduction

Grim Dawn is categorizable as a dark fantasy, apocalyptic narrative built around elements of the supernatural, the sinister, the horror-cosmic and, perhaps less evidently in comparison, the stark facets of man and men. While the game is filled enough with mentions of ancient cults, cataclysmic wars between gods and terrifying forces from unknown beyonds, the truth is there is a substantial amount of lore information about the way Cairn grew to be before being thrown into chaos, complete with its own set of social issues, political abuses, cultural struggles and economic turmoil.

It's clear the game will owes its presentation to unholy apocalyptic Cairn, and that there is consequently not much interpretation of other events possible without seeing them through this particular lens. In this sense, there is no Korvan without Korvaak, no Malmouth without Marcell and the Fleshworks, no Erulan penitentiary system without Warden Krieg, and no Arkovia without Mogdrogen. There is no Cairn without the Aether, Ch'thon, the Witch Gods or what have you — but there is a part of it that, within all of this, is also worth exploring.

As someone who is a lore buff wherever he goes, I've enjoyed Grim Dawn's discrete and environmental storytelling for a while now. After a few talks with some friends as of late, and seeing how it's rather often that (mostly) non-mythological lore questions are asked, I think there is space for a post about Cairn's social organization and political history.

What is, at all, Cairn?

The game contains only a portion of the vast territory the game consistently points to as Cairn. At times, there has been speculation regarding whether Cairn is the world itself at whole (as Earth to humans) or rather a large region that would carry its name. We do know, for a fact, that the Erulan Empire does not have its capital particularly close to any of the game's locations, considering living spaces such as Darkvale, Homestead or New Harbor are essentially town-like, whereas Port Valbury seems to be an urban settlement with strategic value (maritime commerce and logistics, undoubtedly) and Malmouth is cited as an "industrial capital", but not a political one, and various texts from the dissolution of that very city's council point to the fact the Imperial authority did not reside there.

If one looks at the game's map image, there is no other urban-looking surface that could indicate a city surely equal or greater to Malm

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[Hello! Today I'm happy to bring you another installment in this tale of love and intrigue. As always, if you'd like to support me, you can do so over on Patreon and SubscribeStar. If you'd like to be updated when I post, please be sure to subscribe.

My higher dollar patrons can now also find the alpha version of my newest novella over on my support pages, for anyone interested in checking that out a new update for that should be released this week.

As always, you can join our community on Discord and I look forward to hearing your thoughts and feedback in the comments below.]

Lisril lounged on Eli’s couch, watching Alex, who was at that moment bent at the waist digging through the box of his things, which had been delivered that evening, and, more importantly, giving her a fantastic view to admire.

She had enjoyed less time with him since welcoming other women into their fold. They weren’t alone even at that moment. Which was only natural, of course, and though it had been nice to have him all to herself, she had missed feminine camaraderie too.

“Alex,” she called.

He looked over his shoulders at her, looking up at her with wide, bright, green eyes. “Yes.” she said, drinking in the tableau, “stay just like that for a while.”

He laughed and turned back to his digging nonetheless. Then, standing, he joined her, pushing the long, sleek, blue-grey frame of a gauss rifle into her hands.

Not just any gauss rifle, hers, custom made to fit her hand, the rail and optic, a 1-16x long relief illuminated scope, just slightly higher to accommodate the shape of her face.

“There,” he said, “tell me you don’t feel better with that in your hands.”

She cradled the weapon’s weight against her body, stroked its shrouded barrel; she did feel better, and not just because a nine hundred round per second care package was the perfect way to see off any ruffian with designs on her Angel.

It ha

Hello all! I'm a senior EM reg imminently about to become a consultant and I noticed a fair few threads about people stressing and worrying about their performance after recently rotating in to A+E Jobs.

I've therefore created a list of little tips and hints that new docs might find useful. Its not an exhaustive list and its specifically for (mainly adult) EM so any constructive feedback or additional tips would be welcome! I've tried to aim it at foundation docs and/or those who have never done an EM job before and may be doing one now or will be rotating into one.

The Golden Rule

1. Do not worry! Seriously do not worry. There should ALWAYS be some one more senior around to give advice from the EM Team. If they aren't there physically, they should be just a phone call away. You are here to learn, and you are here to gain experience and you should have you hands metaphorically held for both! You won’t be fully fledged EM doctors in 4 months, and no one expects you to be and you shouldn’t be hard on yourselves if you aren’t performing the same as CT doctor or registrar.

Clinical

1. If faced with a sick patient call for senior help early. It maybe you just need someone to ensure you aren’t missing something and are perfectly happy to crack on, it maybe you need someone to literally take over. Either way as seniors we like to know about sick patients in our department as soon as possible. Whilst awaiting senior help (Or indeed when they are there and you are “running” the case) work through ABCDE and start getting the basic but vitally important things done. You can’t go wrong with any patient by working through A-E. Always remember that.

2. Use Socrates for working through pain with the A of associated features useful for working your way through the red flag features of that problem. For example, headache the “A” would be "trauma, lOC, neurology, thunderclap, meningism, worse on change of posture, constitutional symptoms, temporal region pain"

3. With regards to a minor injury, mechanism, time it happened, tetanus status and arm dominance and any factors that may affect wound healing (diabetes for example) are usually the only history features required. A full systems history is not needed for someone who tripped up the curb.

4. Beware the drunk. Document a blood sugar, probe for recreational drugs and/or overdose and check for head injury. Have a low threshold for brain scan if not waking. There will be pressure to discharge thes

What's up, these are my top 2 tiers (6 prospects total) of WR prospects for the 2022 class. I am by no means a professional so takes these ratings with a grain of salt. If this gets enough traction I'll post tier 3 & 4 WR prospects and my QB, RB and TE rankings. I'm definitely not the smartest dude on this site but hopefully getting more quality OC on the sub can promote discussion.

Resources used in evalution:

• u / bandoot WR data charts/tables
• Player Profiler
• PFF
• FF Astronauts Film Room
• College Football Reference

Evaluation process:

I use a formula to rate prospects based on historical research on over 100 prospects I have done. This is a combination of physical measurements, college production, analytical metrics, and film review. It is by no means perfect, but I will share historic rankings (which I did not post at the time since I didn't have a chance to write them all up), but here they are. Some big misses (Denzel Mims tied for WR3 in 2020, N'Keal Harry WR in 2019) but also some big hits (Justin Jefferson WR2 in 2020, AJ Brown WR1 in 2019). 2019 Rankings, 2020 Rankings and 2021 Rankings. Please note: Comparing players in the 2022 class to previous ones will be redundant since we don't have a full set of data points yet (no combine scores, ect.) so some scores may be inflated.

Anyone, here are the rankings:

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Wide Receiver Rankings (Tiers 1 & 2)

Tier One

• Treylon Burks, WR, Arkansas
  • Strengths: The use of his superior size (6'3", 225). Burks uses superior size in a variety of ways, before the catch (shields defenders from the ball) at the catch point (outmuscles or outsizes defenders) and after the catch (bullies defenders). Hands. Burks had a very low drop rate at Arkansas (only 4 drops) and routinely made good contested grabs. Versatility. Burks can be used in a variety of ways; the slot, backfield, schemed touches in the screen game, or on the outside. Athl

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.