I’d love to share my thoughts for a more tolerant 2k22 year.
I actually see a lot of people who think that trace ancestry must be considered as statistical noise. Or telling that someone look very Iranian, not really Swedish. And so on.
While it is sometimes true, this is a misunderstanding on how DNA 🧬 works.
We usually think that the more genes you got from a specific ancestry the more typical features from this ancestry you will get.
But that’s not true. During my MSc, I’ve learned that a single polymorphism (SNP) can alter your apparence in a visible way. While 100,000 SNPs may not change anything in your physical appearance.
Moreover the reference populations that 23andme uses are not totally homogenous. Only in this specific case the machine learning metrics would be 100% for every single pop. Which is barely impossible according to genetics of populations science and ethnology.
Let’s take the example of doubles, people who can be mistaken for another one. Some of them took a test from DTC companies like AncestryDNA or 23and me. And they usually share 0% of DNA in common.
Considering that 0.1% of one specific ancestry is roughly equal to 650 SNP with the V5 chip that 23andme use, we should not consider it as noise.
Even when the noise disappear at 60% of confidence level it almost always means something in the family tree of the customer (one ancestor from another ethnicity, one ancestor from an ethnic group that no longer exists, several ancestors with a common ancestry, etc.). Especially for some ancestries like Indigenous American which get almost perfect precision and recall machine learning metrics. In other words it is difficult to mistake IA for another ancestry or to get IA instead of Spanish for instance.
That said, I personally consider that we shouldn’t discard 0.1% as noise because it is only an estimate which can become 5% or more after phasing. Moreover, we don’t inherit 50% of each ancestry from each parent. DNA is passed down randomly. For instance, 1 guy can get 0.1% Eastern European when his brother may get 10% instead. Therefore it is a genuine ancestry.
On the contrary you may self identify to an ethnicity (Italians for instance), being culturally raised in the corresponding culture… but getting 0% Italian just because you statistically got 0% from your full Italian GGP.
Please keep in mind that small traces are sometimes meaningful to someone’s life, they often means something real. And that appearance is not always c
... keep reading on reddit ➡Since punnet squares only have 4 slots for offspring, I was wondering if it still 50% even if the number is doubled
Hello!
Looking to make a trade within the US.
Always looking to bundle and negotiate. Not super keen on selling, but if you want to make an offer I'll at least consider it. Shipping from NY.
And yes, I know Final Girl is on Kickstarter, I just want to play it before going all in. :-p
Also have a link at the bottom to my Board Game Geek wishlist.
[Have]
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Genotype Collectors Edition
-
Terraforming Mars Ares Expedition Collectors Edition -
The Shores of Tripoli
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Rise to Nobility Deluxe with add on metal coins
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Fleet Kickstarter Big Box and Arctic Bounty Kickstarter with all extras
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Tiny Epic Quest with Golden Mushroom Expansion -
Wild Space -
Lux Aeterna
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Floor Plan -
Count of Nine Estates
[Want]
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Detective City of Angels -
Final Girl
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Camp Grizzly
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Caper Europe
-
A Feast for Odin
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Snowdonia
-
The Adventures of Robin Hood
-
Cthulhu Death May Die
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Great Western Trail 2nd Edition
I am about to start my egg retrieval process, so transfer won’t be in a while, but since I am in Europe visiting family, I completed a trombophylia panel (very cheap there) as my mom had three miscarriages, pre-eclampsia and both my brother and I were born in the 7th month of pregnancy. It turned out all is fine from the panel, but the PAI 1 ( Serpine 1). I read that this polymorphism causes infertility, miscarriages, implantation failures, pregnancy complications (my mom had placenta previa with my brother and bled heavily during whole pregnancy).
Anyone here has PAI 1 or Serpine 1 4G/4G ( or 5G) and what did your doctor do about therapy before or during pregnancy?
I am wondering is there any sense in ordering genetic tests or blood genotype tests,
made by more and more private, commercial genetic laboratories? Is that evidence-based medicine?
Or it is simply a scam?
For example, today i have seen advertisement:
It is a genetic test that allows the determination of a unique nutritional profile and individual DNA diet.
The test consists of analyzing 20 genes - metabolism and obesity, vitamin and antioxidant metabolism, and food intolerances.
A woman with type B blood marries a man who has type A blood, what is the total probability their child will be a boy with type AB blood? (their genotypes are unknown)"
So I already calculated each probability of one of them being homozygotes or heterozygotes and both of them being homozygotes or heterozygotes but I don't know how to sum it up
Hi guys,
Sorry if this is a basic question... (Im a noob)
I am working on a SNP Genotype data from illumina genotyping chip, I've got a VCF file (converted from PLINK file)
Now….The pipeline that I’m following goes through a step where it uses bcftools +fixref to "Fix REF allele according to GRCh37" using the example code below:
bcftools +fixref test.bcf -Ob -o output.bcf -- -f ref.fa -m top
The problem is that I don't understand what's the importance of doing this?
the bcftools manual states (regarding the above code): "If the output shows that the VCF is TOP-compatible, the following command can be used to fix the strand"
---> But what needs fixing?? considering that I have converted all my SNPs into the positive strand, I simply don't know what this code does and why is it important
Note: Technically, I can just blindly follow the pipeline without understanding what it is doing, but I'm really trying to understand what I'm doing here, so any helps are appreciated :)
Hello! I have been wondering what would a dark bay horse's genotype be. I know that bay = A_E_ , but if the phenotype is dark bay like the one on the picture, would it be something certain, or doesn't it matter? I was thinking AaEE, but I have no idea.
https://preview.redd.it/z8qr8efk95781.png?width=500&format=png&auto=webp&s=5bb3badedc6e4a34f152c561fcd1651ff32782a2
*the photo is not mine, it's from this polish site about horse genetics
I have no idea wtf any of this means…
CYP2D6 Genotype: *2 /*4 Copy number:2N Activity score:1 CYP2D6 Phenotype: intermediate metabolizer
I have been on so many different meds and nothing seems to work. Currently taking: •40mg fluoxetine, once a day •150mg bupropion •20mg XR Amphetamine salt combo in the morning and 20mg XR in the afternoon
If anyone knows what them means or has any insight that would be awesome. :)
https://sci-hub.st/10.1126/science.aan6877
Even the portion of alleles that you don't directly inherit from your parents can influence your phenotype.
I initially that when an allele is genotyped as (AA/AG/GG) I assumed that if my ancestryDNA file had a CC copy my allele would be GG. However, I see SNPs with a (CC/GC/GG) pattern like https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Rs713598 .
Why do SNPs have different (AA/AG/GG) patterns?
I am about to start my egg retrieval process, so transfer won’t be in a while, but since I am in Europe visiting family, I completed a trombophylia panel (very cheap there) as my mom had three miscarriages, pre-eclampsia and both my brother and I were born in the 7th month of pregnancy. It turned out all is fine from the panel, but the PAI 1 ( Serpine 1). I read that this polymorphism causes infertility, miscarriages, implantation failures, pregnancy complications (my mom had placenta previa with my brother and bled heavily during whole pregnancy).
Anyone here has PAI 1 or Serpine 1 4G/4G ( or 5G) and what did your RE do about therapy?
