I think this is critical and honestly, it would be worth reading the entirety of the research article as it's all very illuminating, but I'm going to try to provide and highlight the most relevant sections as it contains what I see as several "smoking guns" both for my specific case and anyone similarly afflicted.
It says point blank what activation or stimulation of the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem does. They project directly to the thalamic reticular nucleus, the thalamus' pacemaker core, and hyperpolarize GABAergic interneurons there. This reduces the amount of firing from GABAergic interneurons.
Someone may ask "But isn't that bad? Don't we want GABAergic interneurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus to fire more?" No. It's counterintuitive, but that is not the case. GABAergic interneurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus are (as you can ascertain from being GABAergic and being interneurons) are inhibitory. But they are, when not constrained by brainstem cholinergic projections driven by acetylcholine, inhibiting the thalamocortical relay cells from firing properly. Visual noise over signal is increased and faithful relay of finely tuned visual information to the V1 (visual cortex of the cerebral cortex) is then disturbed.
Cholinergic neurons of the brainstem have to modulate, constrain or inhibit GABAergic interneurons of the TRN so the end result will be disinhibition of thalamocortical relay cells, including ones of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (visual portion of the thalamus).
(From the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology)
> Structure and Function of Cholinergic Pathways in the Cerebral Cortex, Limbic System, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus of the Human Brain
> **The cerebral cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia of the human brain provide neural templates for the transformation of simple movements and sensations into exceedingly complex psychological acts and experiences. These transformations occur through the orderly transfer of information along parallel and serial pathways that lead to the formation of large-scale distributed networks. The thousands of neural pathways that contribute to the formation of these networks can be divided into two major groups. One group contains point-to-point (discrete) projections such as those that interconnect individual thalamic nuclei with their cortical targets. The second group contains equally important regulatory (diffuse) neural projections which (a) innervate
... keep reading on reddit ➡Before cure (brilliant):
https://youtu.be/Fb3yp4uJhq0
After cure (brilliant):
https://jenbrea.medium.com/pathology-part-i-a-walk-around-my-brainstem-abc515fb0be6
"TL:DR? Here’s a brief summary: If you squish the brainstem from the front or the back, it could plausibly cause symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, sound sensitivity, GI dysfunction, immune dysfunction, POTS, sleep disturbance, facial numbness, chronic inflammation and a bunch of other symptoms. If you can relieve that pressure, it is plausible that it can help improve or resolve those symptoms." - Brea
I'm kind of mad that it took me a full year of having long covid to find this. What the actual hell? Somebody navigated their way out of post viral hell. I mean all the way out. Sure, she had her supplement stacks and her anti virals and they all gave her a little more ability from bedridden to moderate.... But this cured her.
It fits. It all fits. I don't know if I can get out of post viral hell, like she did. But she said that when she finally had full (but temporary) relief from her post viral symptoms, prior to her surgery, she was so happy just to finally know the cause of her post viral illness... even if she wasn't a candidate for surgery.
I feel similarly. My opponent no longer seems invisible. Now I can see the outline of his body or at least what corner of the room he's in... Before I felt like I was punching in the air at the invisible opponent. Now I feel like I see him.. and maybe one day, I can uppercut him.
Am I sure? Of course not.. but it's extremely plausible.
Im going to post different parts of her website from time to time because I think people need to know this. Or maybe I'm the only one interested but I think it's a deal... You're pretty big deal.
Unfortunately I've only located the full version of this available in a PDF. I will again note and just include a few crucial sections here.
Note: Remember that "oscillations" in this context are brainwaves.
Note especially the section at the end.
> The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1990
> M. Steriade, S. Datta, D. Pare, G. Oakson, and R. Curro Dossi
> Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
> This study was performed to examine the hypothesis that thalamic-projecting neurons of mesopontine cholinergic nuclei display activity patterns that are compatible with their role in inducing and maintaining activation processes in thalamocortical systems during the states of waking (W) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep associated with desynchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG). A sample of 780 neurons located in the peribrachial (PB) area of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and in the laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nucleus were recorded extracellularly in unanesthetized, chronically implanted cats. Of those neurons, 82 were antidromically invaded from medial, intralaminar, and lateral thalamic nuclei; 570 were orthodromically driven at short latencies from various thalamic sites; and 45 of the latter elements are also part of the 82 cell group, as they were activated both antidromically and synaptically from the thalamus.
> The desynchronization of EEG activity, also termed EEG activation because of the simultaneous increase in thalamic and cortical responsiveness (see Steriade et al., 1990a) consists of at least 2 major components: the disruption of spindle oscillations that takes place in the thalamus and the blockade of high amplitude slow (0.5 - 4 Hz) or delta waves. As yet, the precise origin of the latter waves is not elucidated. The cortical origin is most often suggested. In the cerebral cortex, delta waves probably originate from synaptic inhibitory processes, but especially from the exceedingly long-lasting calcium-dependent potassium currents (see Steriade and Buzsaki, 1990). Their disruption can be realized by a series of transmitters used by neuronal systems with direct access to the cerebral cortex: basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, ventrolateral posterior hypothalamic histaminergic neurons, and locus coeruleus noradrenegic neurons. The suppressing action of these transmitters upon calcium-dependent potassium currents are now established (Reiner and
... keep reading on reddit ➡Joe [ArchAngel Token]: One of Guardian’s components is a marketing and influencer portal that is designed to bring those worlds together and into the crypto user and crypto project space. Within this component, marketers and influencers can create a profile of their services and work, and that profile is added to a library for everyone to see and search through.
The component will allow projects to quickly find marketers and influencers who meet their needs, and they can communicate directly with them. Search parameters will help them peel through hundreds of profiles to find and contact those who may meet their needs.
Marketers and influencers will also be featured within various components of Guardian, and their videos will be directly linked to tokens and coins on Guardian’s Token Data page. So if you are looking at ARCHA’s token data page, you will also see videos made by the ARCHA team and also those videos made by marketers and influencers. All of these come from Guardian’s BrainStem component which is fully integrated throughout all components of Guardian.
We are going to start to build that library of Marketers and Influencers now. We are not waiting to release Guardian to start the process of populating these various components with data.
In the next few days, you will see a number of messages and posts going out to the marketing community with an invitation to build their profile BEFORE Guardian is released. They fill out a simple online form and their profile will be added to that component. When it launches, the Marketing and Influencer component of Guardian will already contain a library of profiles, and the process of profile building and submission will continue directly from within that component of Guardian.
And speaking of the integration between this component and BrainStem...
The BrainStem Phase 1 Production Team is nearing the completion of their work, likely over the next week or two. They knocked it out of the park! Once that work is complete, we will be sharing more information about BrainStem so you can learn more about the project. Don’t take it personally if they cannot answer some of your questions too early!
We are still keeping a close eye on gas fees and @ed17kkw is patiently waiting to launch our staking pool.
We want as many holders as possible to join the pool and know that high gas fees may prevent that.
Finally, tonight the hosts of the Archa Café will announce the dates for Guardian’s presale registra
... keep reading on reddit ➡
do all the tract signs in a brain stem lesion present contralaterally and all the CN lesions present ipsilaterally?
Also is there a video or short pdf/notes/whatever from where i can study these brain stem cross-sections and the lesions, this topic is costing me points on every NBME..
Hi everyone. We have a 5 year old Cavalier king Charles spaniel male, neutered. He has no other medical conditions (he had gastric issues 2 years ago but it resolved after introducing raw diet). 1 year ago he fell off the bed and at first we thought that he had a concussion as he had nystagmus. He was given medication and it cleared up by the end of the day.
Fast forward to today, I wake up and see that he is in our bed and is just staring at me. I take a closer look and his head is tilted and eyes are moving like crazy. Try to slowly put him down on the ground, he can't sit/stand or anything, head tilting to the side. We drive him to the emergency vet, she confirms that it is (most likely) brianstem compression and the nystagmus is uneven, the right eye moves upwards while the left moves sideways. He is given painkillers, vitamin combo and an anti-inflammatory. Fast forward 12 hours and he is back to normal, no signs of it ever happening.
So basically my question is, has anyone had any similar experience? What is the outcome if the symptoms get more frequent or they get worse? Is it manageable with medication?
In neonates with nerve damage around the carotid body area, it was found that they had no rousing response if CO2 concentrations in the air reached dangerous levels. The study concluded that damage to the area of the carotid bodies in the neck caused them to both have severe trouble breathing and almost no response to hypoxia.
But you also have CO2/hypoxia sensing cells in your brain, in your brainstem. These contribute to 80% of respiratory drive.
Sorry for my bad English, just want to learn more and discuss.
He used to have mild vertigo and sudden stop of breathing in night throughout the lockdown. We never suspected a thing because the symptoms were very very mild. But still we used to take him to local doctors in the mean time. An ENT doctor thought he probably has dirty ears so his ears were cleaned. But the vertigo did not go away. Later on we took him to a city and visited a popular ENT doctor. They decided to take MRI, but he could not lie down there because he couldn't maintain his balance. The doctor thought he has psychiatric problems or may be something else. We did a MRI with anaesthesia one week later to find out the brainstem glioma.
All the allopathic doctors have refused to help saying any treatment can not cure it and he has only 6 months to live. Radiation therapy will not cure it, surgeries may work but can cause paralysis. We later took him to a homeopathic doctor who assured us that he will live.
Sorry for any grammatical mistakes, English is not my native language.
I am a 27 year old woman from Missouri trying to get treatment for a rare condition called Craniocervical Instability, which is causing cervical medullary syndrome i.e. brainstem compression. I live with intense chronic pain and head pressure, bobble head feeling because my connective tissue is too weak to hold up my head properly, severe fatigue that immobolizes me, muscle twitches and spasms, neurological caused vision issues/persistent visual flashing, tinnitus, digestion issues, jaw pain, nervous system dysfunction that effects my blood flow and heart, and burning nerve pain in my spine and legs. This is all directly caused by my brainstem being compressed.
There are 3 specialists in all of America that can properly diagnose and treat this. I saw one for initial diagnosis via telehealth and it took 6 months to wait for consult, but I will have to fly to New York in person to see him for further procedures. We will need money for travel, lodging, and down payments for medical procedures. It is my choice whether or not to proceed with fusion surgery where my skull to c-2 would be fused in place. He also mentioned an alternative of trying stem cell treatments in Colorado to buff up my faulty connective tissue and help heal the capsule ligaments in my craniocervical junction/neck in a much less invasive way. I would prefer to try this first, but it is a $7k dollar treatment all paid up front and insurance does not cover it.
I have amassed over 15k in medical debt in just 2 years seeing over 30 doctors ruling out other issues and getting diagnostic testing. I have other conditions/comorbidities that go with craniocervial instability as well I see specialists for. Sharing this or donating would mean the absolute world to me. What I want most in my life is to hold my head up without excruciating pain, to be able to get out of bed and live life like other people my age, to see clearly again, to eat without hurting, to marry my partner some day and travel together. I would be happy just getting any improvement in my quality of life at all. My gofundme link is below with many more details about my conditions and with my medical assessment and imaging/proof of a recent bill. Thank you for reading my story ❤
This may be a dumb question but I cant find an answer anywhere. How can you tell right vs left with brainstem cross sections like the rostral/caudal medulla, pons, midbrain?
After being admitted to the hospital earlier this week for a second episode of what looked like a TIA, my neurologist deduced that I have migraines with brainstem aura. Does anyone else have these? Is there anything that works for you to help with symptoms like vertigo, nausea, loss of balance, dysphasia, dizziness, numbness?
Is anyone else taking Topamax? Or doing vestibular therapy?
I’m new to all of this. The first episode with the stroke-like symptoms was in February and then again this week. I’ve had migraines the last couple years maybe once every couple months. Ocular. With aura, rainbows or zig zags. Mostly followed by pain, sometimes not.
EDIT: They ran MRI with contrast, CT with contrast, Echo with bubble test, EKG, 24-Holtering, EEG. Everything and bloodwork was clean except they found (genetic) high cholesterol and ASD in my heart.
In neonates with nerve damage around the carotid body area, it was found that they had no rousing response if CO2 concentrations in the air reached dangerous levels. The study concluded that damage to the area of the carotid bodies in the neck caused them to both have severe trouble breathing and almost no response to hypoxia.
But you also have CO2/hypoxia sensing cells in your brain, in your brainstem. These contribute to 80% of respiratory drive.
Sorry for my bad English, just want to learn more and discuss.
I am a 27 year old woman from Missouri trying to get treatment for a rare condition called Craniocervical Instability, which is causing cervical medullary syndrome i.e. brainstem compression. I live with intense chronic pain and head pressure, bobble head feeling because my connective tissue is too weak to hold up my head properly, severe fatigue that immobolizes me, muscle twitches and spasms, neurological caused vision issues/persistent visual flashing, tinnitus, digestion issues, jaw pain, nervous system dysfunction that effects my blood flow and heart, and burning nerve pain in my spine and legs. This is all directly caused by my brainstem being compressed.
There are 3 specialists in all of America that can properly diagnose and treat this. I saw one for initial diagnosis via telehealth and it took 6 months to wait for consult, but I will have to fly to New York in person to see him for further procedures. We will need money for travel, lodging, and down payments for medical procedures. It is my choice whether or not to proceed with fusion surgery where my skull to c-2 would be fused in place. He also mentioned an alternative of trying stem cell treatments in Colorado to buff up my faulty connective tissue and help heal the capsule ligaments in my craniocervical junction/neck in a much less invasive way. I would prefer to try this first, but it is a $7k dollar treatment all paid up front and insurance does not cover it.
I have amassed over 15k in medical debt in just 2 years seeing over 30 doctors ruling out other issues and getting diagnostic testing. I have other conditions/comorbidities that go with craniocervial instability as well I see specialists for. Sharing this or donating would mean the absolute world to me. What I want most in my life is to hold my head up without excruciating pain, to be able to get out of bed and live life like other people my age, to see clearly again, to eat without hurting, to marry my partner some day and travel together. I would be happy just getting any improvement in my quality of life at all. My gofundme link is below with many more details about my conditions and with my medical assessment and imaging/proof of a recent bill. Thank you for reading my story ❤
