From the Statutes of Kilkenny (1366), an attempt by the English crown to reign in the Norman lords of Ireland who had been adopting Gaelic customs and enforce English law (it was a failure and the Normans became even more Gaelicised over time):
>XVII. Also it is agreed and assented that no man, of what estate or condition he be, upon forfeiture of life or of members, shall keep kerns, hoblers nor idlemen in land at peace, to aggrive the loyal people of our lord the king; but that he who will have such shall keep them in the march at his own expense, without taking anything from any person against his will: and if it happen that any man, whether a kern or any other, shall take any manner of victuals or other goods of any other against his will, hue and cry shall be raised against him, and he shall be taken and committed to gaol if he will surrender himself; and if not, but he rise to make resistance by force, so that he will not suffer the attachment, it shall be done to him as to open robbers; and such manner of taking shall be considered a robbery; and in case such malefactors fly from the attachment, so that no man can take them, then his lord or leader shall answer for him, and shall make satisfaction to the party who has been damaged; and if he shall have made satisfaction to the party, the king shall end the flight against him as well for himself as for the party; and those who do not rise at such hue and cry shall be holden and punished as maintainors of felons; and if any man keep or maintain kerns, hoblers, or idlemen, otherwise than is abovesaid, he shall be in judgment of life and members, and his lands und tenements shall be forfeited.
A Kern was a type of soldier in medieval Ireland who, as the Gaelic lords were dispossesed by the Normans and English, often operated as bandits and mercenaries launching ambushes from the forests. They continued to trouble the English settlers for centuries afterwards and are even mentioned by Shakespeare (Henry IV, part 2):
>CARDINAL.
My Lord of York, try what your fortune is.
The uncivil kerns of Ireland are in arms,
And temper clay with blood of Englishmen.
To Ireland will you lead a band of men,
Collected choicely, from each county some,
And try your hap against the Irishmen?
I am posting on behalf of my girlfriend (student). She lives in a house of 6 people, 5 of which, including her have cars.
There are no permit requirement zones on the entire road they live on, at all.
Some of the neighbors, mostly old people, have been complaining about not being able to swing out of their drive in one motion. For this reason they are demanding spaces next to their drive (public road) are left empty. Loads of other cars park on the road. This has been going on for a month or so now.
The students have received a few letters through the door and noticed neighbors blatantly spying on them.
yesterday morning, it became apparent that 2 of the student cars have been damaged - they appear to have been 'keyed'. It's frustrating because the cars were parked infront of the student house at the time. There were no witnesses.
Please, what can be done in this situation? police? council? landlord does not seem to care that much.
Thanks
Wibble (@PCWibble) Tweeted: So my cousin walks into a shop to buy hand sanitiser. The shopkeeper says it Β£20. Cousins says 'that's profiteering!' and the shopkeeper shrugs. Cousin poured it all over the counter says 'keep it then' #COVID19 https://twitter.com/PCWibble/status/1243849920274186240?s=20
Edit: I asked this not out of my own curiosity (I know what I'd lock up/report for), but more due to the disparity in comments on the original tweet
I got a list of Czech law firms and did some google reviews on them but there's not enough information on their services.
I am from America and I was scammed by a Czech business. I am looking to take legal action against the merchant. The problems started 2 years ago and I lost a lot of money to the merchant. I gave them a lot of chances to redeem themselves but they just played me.
Please help me out on this one. I want to put them in their place for lying and dishonest business.
Hello, I am a professional translator based in El Salvador and I translate texts mostly in the social sciences (for which I have a degree); they tend to be fairly academic. I've come across a book that is mostly psychology-based but it includes legal terminology in Criminal Law that I am really struggling with. The rule of thumb I have found on may forums is to find legal equivalents across languages AND bodies of law. The task becomes overwhelming considering that different states in the US have different terminologies AND different countries in Latin America do too. For instance, the term murder is often translated as asesinato, however this is not a term that appears in the Salvadoran Penal Code, where the term that is utilised is homicidio. Add to this other terms like manslaughter, non-negligent manslaughter, reckless manslaughter and things get more complicated. Any tips on how I can navigate this?
Good afternoon Reddit! My name is Brian Leifert and I am a Florida criminal defense attorney (https://www.leifertlaw.com/our-firm/brian-leifert/) at the Law Offices of Leifert & Leifert. I am a former prosecutor and have vast experience in Floridaβs criminal justice system. Access to public records laws in Florida make it easier for journalists to obtain information about arrests. With easier access to information, we see a large number of βFlorida manβ news articles.
Here is my proof (https://www.facebook.com/LeifertLaw/photos/a.10152599142731559/10158691307401559/), my website (https://www.leifertlaw.com/), and information on the topic (https://www.oxygen.com/florida-man-murders/crime-news/why-are-there-florida-man-stories-sunshine-laws-explained)
The purpose of this Ask Me Anything is to discuss freedom of information laws and the rights of the accused in Florida. My responses should not be taken as legal advice.
Mr. Leifert will be answering questions from 2 PM - 3 PM EST today, Friday, September 24.
According to manuals of Islamic Law, women are effectively completely banned from giving witness testimony regarding any serious crime (I guess they are too busy being βdeficientβ).
The Mukhtasar al-Quduri (Hanafi fiqh manual) states the following:
βTestimony is of [various] levels, of which there is testimony concerning unlawful sexual intercourse. For this four men are a condition and the testimony of women is not accepted for it.β
And,
βTestimony for the other infringements of the limits (αΈ₯udΕ«d) and retaliation (qiαΉ£ΔαΉ£); for them, the testimony of two men is accepted and the testimony of women is not accepted.β
So according to the above, women cannot give eyewitness testimony for the following crimes:
Hadd punishment
- Adultery / fornication
- Theft
- Brigandry / highway robbery
- Apostasy
- Drinking alcohol
Qisas (retaliation)
- Murder
- Injury
The same nonsensical ruling is given in the Shafβi fiqh manual, The Reliance of the Traveller (section o.24.8 - o.24.9, p.637-638).
The question naturally arises as to how it is a supposedly perfected legal system would vary the level of justice a person could get depending on whether men or women witnessed the crime? I note that variability in justice = injustice.
Even though the above rules are obviously ridiculous, I have even had one Muslim seriously try to argue with me that Allah is very smart here, because they account for womenβs known lower cognitive ability βas shown by scienceβ (!!). Yet, here is a short list of studies in forensic psychology that show that women are either just as good eyewitness of crime as men and in some areas, outperform them.
- Female advantage vs men (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10683169808401763)
- Females more accurate on personal details (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886920302828)
- No significant difference between male and female eyewitnesses (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-002-1017-8)
- No significant difference between male and female eyewitnesses (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1068316021000058379)
- Females more accurate for personal characteristics (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01073.x)
Looks like anoth
... keep reading on reddit β‘