As there was a prevalent tradition of marrying girls before they hit puberty, she was married at the tender age of nine to thirteen years old Jyotiba Phule, who was determined to reform the society which held deeply entrenched conservative views regarding gender and caste. Girls were denied a formal education because of the conservative views that people held, widows' heads were shaved and they were looked down upon even after the abolition of Sati. He took the responsibility of educating Savitri Bai and accomplished this by educating her at home; the responsibility of her higher education was taken care of by Jyotiba's friends Sakharam Yeshwant Paranjpe and Keshav Shivram Bhavalkar.
After gaining education she enrolled in two teacher's training programs, first in an institution run by Cynthia Farrar in Ahmednagar and the second course at a normal school in Pune along with Fatima. As the teacher's program ended she started teaching girls at the Mahrawada in Pune alongside Sagunabai, a revolutionary feminist herself and a mentor to Jyotirao. Later, they started their own school at Bhidewada at the home of Tatya Saheb Bhide.
Their work was strongly opposed by the local conservative community. She used to carry an extra sari because she often had mud and dung hurled at her as her work was seen as an 'evil'. The opposition was from both the upper and lower castes. Jyotiba Rao's father, in the wake of opposition from the community having conservative views, asked both of them to leave his home. They then moved to one of the Jyotiba Rao's closest friends home, Usman Sheikh. Both Fatima, Usman Sheikh's sister, and Savitri graduated together and opened a school in 1849. Two educational trusts were established in the 1850s, the Native Female School, Pune and 'the Society for Promoting the Education of Mahars, Mangs' which later incorporated a number of schools led by Savitri Bai and later on by Fatima.
She opened Mahila Seva Mandal to spread awareness among women of their rights.
A total of 18 schools were established and teaching children from different castes and education of girls was furthered by their efforts. A care centre, Bal Hatya Pratibandhak Griha, for pregnant rape victims was also opened to help them deliver and save their children.
Other than being a teacher, a reformer and a strong opposer of the caste system, she was also a prolific poet and writer. At the age of 23, in 1854, she published Kavya Phule and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar in 1892, a
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How did the rollout of the restored one true church go in the press? Here are a few early reactions. The BoM went to press in Aug. 1829 and was published in March 1830. The first two posts are from VT, four months after publication. Many newspapers ignored the story and later explained that they thought the story/claims were ridiculous and not worth putting in their newspaper-that for sure, it would fade away. By that time, they would explain, there were now hundreds, or thousands of Mormons and..... who could have believed there were going to be so many people falling for that? It is a common theme in the early press coverage of the new movement...we just didn't think it could possibly survive. Another common theme to notice in the early reports are the rock in the hat to create the BoM.
This one is particularly great in that it is from Poultney, VT...where Ethan Smith lived and worked when he published View of the Hebrews, where the Cowdery family went to church. Here we see that the news of the restored one true church prompted this editor to cover the story as a PSA--to warn those in the public who had not yet heard about the scam where the smooth-talking sales guys are coming to sell you a lifetime blacktop sealant for your driveway. "We understand it has found its way into this region"...says the editor from the land of proto-Mormonism.
Northern Spectator, Poultney, VT June 2, 1830 p.3
A different version of events, written from Ohio, the first Zion.
Huron Reflector (Norwalk, Ohio) Β· 16 May 1831, Mon Β· Page 1
Early reports of the Mormons in Ohio described spiritual events and "displays of Deity", including the story of young men who received written messages from heaven...floated down, were written in gold, ornate "Italian" script--that faded away. A few months later, the story of Warner Doty came out. Doty was 29, and a devout, true believer in Joseph Smith. Doty believed it when Joseph Smith sa
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President Adams has easily won re-election and the national-Republicans having become the dominant party in American politics Adams has continued his internal improvements projects and foreign policy missions.
The Economy:
with a uptick in the American economy and wages going up Adams popularity increases as does Americans manufacturing and industrial base. Adams passed the 1830 tariff which increased tariffs by 7 percent and this outages the south and especially South Carolina. But Adams persisted with the tariff and it passed both chambers of congress. Adams also passed the 1829 tax act which lowered taxis by a small amount but was enough to boost Adams popularity in the west where it was split. Adams also continued his crackdown on corruption of the national bank and ended it in 1831 with having reappointed bank members and arrested some with Nicholas biddle being Adams main partner in the crackdown. Adams has also appointed many state bank leaders with the crackdown and his opponents call it political corruption and Adams abusing federal power. Adam then lowered taxis again in 1830 however only for business which benefitted Northern industrialist greatly. Adams also begun to take in the national debit paying It off with a 20 year economy program to not add more debt and to slowly repay it. Adams has also continued internal improvements although they have slowed down in recent years. Adams raised federal tolls on highways and on internal shipping lanes like along the Mississippi. But Adams has also given land grants to settlers in the west promoting migration and development.
Foreign affairs:
Adams has continued his foreign policy success and expand the missions to foreign nations and it has according to Adams brought international prestige to the nation. Adams has also continued his policy of foreign trade and trans Atlantic trade which has help the southern cotton trade but with the increased tariff the trans Atlantic cotton trade whatβs slowed down and Adams is now promoting internal trade and trade with only American nations like Canada and Mexico. American exports have increased especially and Adams has expanded resigns to the east and sending American trade ships to China and Siam. The isolationist movement has been growing and has also influenced policy decisions by Adams with Adams taking a carful approach to Anglo-American relations but Adams has continued his policy of good Russo American relations and the czar in St.Petersburg has a
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Will inv first 10
The prelude will mention and summarize the Spanish-American War, fought between 1828 to 1830. For more information on the Spanish-American War, go here.
Prelude
Slavery has long been an issue for the young American Republic. Northerners have always wanted slavery restricted and southerners have always been supportive of its continued existence. During George Washington's presidency, slavery was seen as a controversial issue, so the president, who owned slaves but wanted it gone in the long term, sought mostly to avoid the issue. Despite that, Washington signed the Fugitive Slave Act, which allowed agents to move across state lines to capture escaped slaves, mostly with the goal of appeasing the south.
In the last year of Washington's presidency, (then Senator) Thomas Jefferson proposed a bill limiting slavery to the area east of the Mississippi and south of the Ohio Rivers. Washington didn't take a stance on the bill, leaving the issue to his successor, John Jay. The Federalists, mostly supportive of the bill, maintained a majority in Congress in the elections of 1788, and so, much to the south's disappointment, Jay was able to pass Jefferson's Ordinance in early 1789.
Founding Father and Senator Thomas Jefferson, author of Jefferson's Ordinance
Slavery would next become an issue during Alexander Hamilton's tenure, when he outlawed US' citizens involvement in the slave trade with the Slave Act of 1797. Under Madison, slavery would become a bigger issue as the US forcefully acquired the Louisiana Territory from France. According to Jefferson's Ordinance, much of the land should be without slavery. Despite Federalist pushes to give those territories statehood, Madison didn't want to cause conflict with the south, and so, those territories were denied statehood.
This was solved by Aaron Burr during his first term, when he came up with the Compromise of 1809. According to the Compromise of 1809, Jefferson's Ordinance would remain in place, but states would have to be accepted in pairs of one free state and one slave state. This lead to the US accepting the free state Ohio, along with the slave state of Alabama.
The Compromise of 1809 seemingly solved the issue of slavery, with it not coming up for a decade. H
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