A list of puns related to "Signaling Protein"
>Major depressive disorder has become an increasingly serious disease in the world. However, convenient antidepressants have low efficacy and slow onset defects, which is dangerous for suicidal tendency patients. Nowadays, rapid antidepressant research has become the focus. Merazin hydrate (MH), a component of the natural herb Fructus Aurantii, has been shown to produce rapid antidepressant-like effects in animal models. However, the mechanism of its rapid antidepressant-like effects was still elusive like that of ketamine. The study aimed to reveal the relationship between the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH and mTOR signaling, which is closely related to rapid antidepressants. The results showed that a single administration of MH was capable of reversing the behavioral defects at 2 h in two classic depressive models including learned helplessness (LH) and chronic mild stress (CMS). Moreover, the phosphorylated expression of mTOR, reduced by LH or CMS, was upregulated after a single administration of MH, and the expressions of BDNF and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus were also reversed 2 h later, similar to ketamine. Moreover, LH increased the expressions of eNOS, IL-10, and TNF-Ξ± in serum, which were all reversed by a single dose of MH at 2 h, similar to ketamine. Furthermore, we used rapamycin, an antagonist of mTOR, to confirm whether the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH depend on mTOR or not. We found that inhibiting the activation of mTOR blocked the rapid antidepressant-like effects of MH, which also inhibited the upregulation of expressions of BDNF and PSD95. To sum up, the rapid antidepressant effect of MH depended on the activation of mTOR to regulate downstream BNDF and synaptic protein expressions.
apparently researchers are learning more about how remyelination works, which hopefully will lead to some great meds.
by Marisa Wexler MS | July 28, 2021
A signaling protein called fractalkine helps to regulate the development of oligodendrocytes, cells of the nervous system responsible for making myelin β the protecting coating of nerve cell fibers that is damaged and lost inΒ multiple sclerosis (MS).
This finding wasΒ in the study βFractalkine signaling regulates oligodendroglial cell genesis from SVZ precursor cells,β published inΒ Stem Cell Reports.
Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds neurons (nerve cells) like a sheath, helping them to efficiently send electrical signals. In MS, the immune system erroneously attacks the myelin sheath, damaging and killing neurons.
Neural precursor cells, or NPCs, are a type of stem cell that is able to grow and differentiate into several different types of the cells of the nervous system, including oligodendrocytes β the cells that make myelin. When NPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes, a process called oligodendrogenesis, they first become an intermediary cell type, called an oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC), before growing into a mature oligodendrocyte.
The biological mechanisms governing how NPCs grow into OPCs, and then into oligodendrocytes, are still being worked out. AΒ team led by researchers in Canada conducted a series of experiments in cell models and mice to evaluate the role of fractalkine (FKN), a signaling protein, in oligodendrogenesis.
They first confirmed that both NPCs and OPCs express the receptor for FKN (called CX3CR1), which is in line with prior data.
**Researchers then tested the effect of treating NPCs in vitro (in laboratory settings) with varying amounts of fractalkine. After a few days in culture, they found substantially more oligodendrocytes present in cells treated with FKN. Fractalkineβs use, however, did not affect numbers of other cell types, such as neurons, produced by the NPCs.**
FKN
... keep reading on reddit β‘https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413121000176
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04324
Amy Ryan, Jihe Liu, and Alexander Deiters
https://ift.tt/35liIKK
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