Personal trainers attempting to create reliance on their services instead of self-efficacy?

Hi all, first-time poster here! I am just starting out as a personal trainer (as a side business) and am doing a bit of research on the problems people may have experienced with other PTs.

One area I am particularly interested in is promoting reliance vs. self-efficacy. Personally I'm passionate about giving people the tools they need (in terms of education and confidence) to eventually be able to train and eat well on their own, and I feel like that process should be as quick as possible as long as adherence and accountability needs are taken into account. On the other hand, listening to podcasts and based on a few anecdotes from friends, I got the impression that there are PTs out there who like to position themselves as the "expert" the client cannot do without, and do not place much emphasis on education in order to promote reliance and continued sales of sessions.

Am curious to hear more about this sort of problem - do you feel this is common? Do people have experiences with/horror stories of PTs placing continued business above their clients' development of self-efficacy?

By the way, I am a guy and would be very grateful for answers from both guys and gals (I would have posted in r/fitness also but I've read their rules and this seems to broad a topic).

Thank you in advance for any input, it's much appreciated!!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/SlavIvan
πŸ“…︎ Dec 14 2021
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Non-Attachment vs. Lack of Self-Efficacy (Gopal Norbert Klein) youtube.com/watch?v=ZCQwd…
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πŸ‘€︎ u/TraumaCanBeHealed
πŸ“…︎ Jan 23 2022
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[Academic] The effect of commitment a self-efficacy(. 18+, plays a musical instrument)

Hello!

I'm currently doing my research project/bachelor thesis for my bachelor study in information science at the Utrecht University. I'm researching the effect of commitment on the perceived self-efficacy of someone that plays a musical instrument.

To do so, I've created a website to work as a persuasive intervention. All you'd have to do to participate is click the link below and fill in the consent form and the first short questionnaire, practice your instrument for a week, and after that week, fill in the final questionnaire. This will be completely anonymously. Participating is of course completely done on a voluntary basis. For more info click the link below and read the information sheet.

Participants need to be 18+ and need to play a musical instrument.

Please read the information sheet carefully.

The site, information, questionnaire and consent form can be found here:

https://sites.google.com/view/presuasive-intervention/step-1-participant-information

If you choose to participate, thanks in advance :)

For questions please contact: s.w.b.vannifterik@students.uu.nl or reply to this post.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/pinkelgerrie
πŸ“…︎ Jan 24 2022
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Resources on the effect of analysts' self-disclosure on the efficacy of therapy?

I have seen this concept many times but never thoroughly explained. Is there any book or article that could help me understand more?

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πŸ‘€︎ u/TheCerry
πŸ“…︎ Dec 02 2021
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For all my MCAT takers with low CARS self-efficacy

I would like to share my experience with CARS to both gain insight or encouragement and hopefully raise awareness on how nerves and prior mindset/self-talk/self-efficacy (whatever you wanna call it) can not just influence but CONTROL the outcome of the exam (I am especially talking about CARS). I am constantly and overly conscious of the fact that I am an immigrant and a non-native English speaker. This insecurity exacerbates prior, during, and after answering CARS-related questions. Literally, while I am answering a question, my brain ( I am referring to my brain as a separate, conscious individual rather than mentioning 'I tell myself', because sometimes I feel I lose control over such self-talk or a sudden drop in self-efficacy amidst writing a CARS section) says 'Given that you are a recent English speaker, what is the central theme of the passage/ which statement is mostly supported by the passage/ what statement would the author mostly agree with....etc'.

To provide empirical evidence of what I am talking about, I have been consistently scoring 80%-100% on CARS Qpack 2. I thought the score was highly inflated given that I scored 123 on both AAMC fl 2 and 3. I then decided to do CARS Qpack 2 in sections of 9 passages under timed conditions. My overall percentage of CARS Qpack 2 is 86%. I was not one bit stressed throughout the CARS Qpack 2 as I maintained this constant knowledge that I have everything I need from the passage. With frequent and timely passage referral tendency, I can answer every question with supporting evidence. In AAMC fl1, I scored 129 in CARS. That was in September when the MCAT is still months away, so I was not stressed. I just recently finished AAMC Fls 2 and 3, scoring 512 (130/123/130/129) and 516 (132/123/130/131), respectively. Every time I am about to start all the other sections, I get to them with high self-efficacy, knowing I will score at least 128. In CARS fl3, I was aware of my problem so I wanted to test whether my CARS Qpack 2 score was inflated or not. I noticed that I panicked after every 3 or 4 questions I answered. I flagged the answers where I had self-doubt and high levels of stress, resulting in changing my original answer. I only flagged the answers where I changed my original answer with no new evidence derived from a passage, but I decided to change them solely because of overthinking and self-doubting. I did not flag questions where I changed my original answer after I found a piece of strong supportin

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ“…︎ Jan 04 2022
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What is self-efficacy?

I can't find a definitive definition anywhere. Be specific.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/throwaway6661991
πŸ“…︎ Dec 26 2021
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Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE)

Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE) https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/physical-self-efficacy-scale-pse/

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πŸ‘€︎ u/memjavad
πŸ“…︎ Dec 30 2021
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Use of Self-Talk on Enhancing Self-Efficacy in Youth Tennis Players

Successful performance in sport can be influence by psychological factors. Some athletes may have the required physical skills and capabilities to perform well, but are less confident in doing so or unable to cope with performance pressures.

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πŸ“…︎ Jan 04 2022
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[Results] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy (US, 18+)
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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ Aug 04 2021
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The Relationship Between Erectile Dysfunction and Sexual Self-Efficacy Mediated by The Dark Triad and Pornographic Use.

Hi guys,

I am conducting a study on men with and without erectile dysfunction and sexual self-efficacy mediated by the dark triad and pornographic use for my master’s in psychology and I would like to invite all men 18 and above to take part. All participants will remain anonymous throughout the process. If you would like to take part, please click on the first link below and follow the instructions that are provided in the information sheet.

Information sheet, consent form and survey: https://docs.google.com/.../1FAIpQLSeTzx13kfv.../viewform...

Generate numbers
https://www.random.org/integers/

Withdrawal form: https://docs.google.com/.../1FAIpQLSfsvH07SJH.../viewform...

πŸ‘︎ 4
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Tiara_Reid
πŸ“…︎ Nov 16 2021
🚨︎ report
[Results] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy (US, 18+)
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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ Aug 04 2021
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The most relatable meme from the ADHD Memes & Self Efficacy study
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πŸ‘€︎ u/huyishi
πŸ“…︎ Aug 12 2021
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on the efficacy of self-induced vomiting

This topic, while important, can often be inherently triggering, and regardless of the efficacy of self-induced vomitting, eating disorders are deadly. Please proceed reading this with caution.

It's a common belief that purging can only rid the body of up to 50% of the calories consumed in a binge, which was concluded from a study done in 1993 on 17 bulimic participants. I've seen this statement in ED forums and in a lot resources on bulimia.

I found an article of someone who evaluated this study and concluded that the findings from the 1993 study were both misunderstood and wildly over-generalised.

>Kaye et al. (1993)Β do notΒ conclude that their results demonstrate that purging gets rid of half of the calories in a given binge. Rather, the β€œ50%” likely results from the fact that the average number calories retained after purging (approx. 1,200) were about half of the calories ofΒ the average binge (around 2, 200 calories) among the study participants.

Even though the average number of calories retained was 50%, one ppt retained only 12.5% and another one roughly 36%.

This is why the person who wrote the article believes that the 50% statistic is harmful:

>Even research-savvy clinicians may quote the 50% statistic to all of their patients, regardless of diagnosis and symptom presentation, figuring that at the very least, it can’t hurt. However, this may not be an accurate assumption. Firstly, when the information told by cliniciansΒ conflicts with lived experience, it may be interpreted by the patient as indicative of the clinician not being knowledgeable about EDs, not believing the patient’s account of theirΒ own symptoms, trying to deceive them, or thinking that the patient is stupid. All of these have potential to contribute to difficulty in creatingΒ therapeutic alliance, which is one major factor found to be predictive ofΒ a positiveΒ outcomeΒ from therapy. Further, it can provide a rationale for reluctant or ambivalent individuals to disengage, quit, or avoid seekingΒ treatment.

What are your thoughts on the implications of this?

I personally think the study should never have been carried in the first place.

Article: https://www.scienceofeds.org/2016/05/13/on-the-efficacy-of-self-induced-vomiting/#comments

Original study: https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.150.6.969

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πŸ“…︎ Sep 16 2021
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[Image] Self-efficacy
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Reddithorn
πŸ“…︎ Aug 18 2021
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Can someone please tell me what the correlation coefficient between Self-efficacy and self-discipline is?

#psych100

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Musicnerd1400
πŸ“…︎ Oct 24 2021
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Sex Ed Curriculum Elevates Pregnancy Prevention Skills Among Native American Teens - Nine lessons delivered through a summer basketball camp significantly improved sexual health knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, and communication publichealth.jhu.edu/2021…
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πŸ‘€︎ u/News2016
πŸ“…︎ Sep 22 2021
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[Repost][Academic] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy! (US, 18+, diagnosed with ADHD)

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

TL/DR: We're trying to study if observing ADHD memes has an impact on self-report self-efficacy among individuals diagnosed with ADHD

Formal Recruitment Message:

Hello, I am Jia Jian Tin, a psychological intern at Psychological Services Department at Clovis Community College in Clovis, California. I am conducting a study on the impact of viewing ADHD-related internet memes on self-efficacy of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. This information can help provide insight into the potential benefits of engaging in social media groups or forums.

The link below will provide access to the online questionnaire created via Qualtrics. Completing the survey should take no more than 15 minutes of your time. You will be requested to consent to voluntary participation in the survey. Once you have given your consent, you will be presented with the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, 15 ADHD memes, and a demographic questionnaire.

In completing the questionnaire, please be truthful and answer to the best of your ability; there are no right or wrong answers. Identifiable personal details have deliberately been omitted to ensure the anonymity of responses. Only my research team will have access to the raw data.

This questionnaire asks about your own opinion. Completion is entirely voluntary; you may withdraw from the study at any time before you submit the survey. Please note that once you submit your survey, it becomes impossible to remove your response. This survey is purposefully anonymous, so I will be unable to tell which answer is yours.

If you have any questions about the research or would like to receive aggregate results of the study when it is completed, feel free to contact:

Jia Jian Tin, M.S. [Principal Investigator]: jiajian.tin@cloviscollege.edu

Geni Perryment, M.A. [Co-investigator]: geni.perryment@reedleycollege.edu

Samuel Montano, Ph.D. [Co-investigator]: samuel.montano@fresnocitycolleg.edu

Thank you kindly for your time!

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ Jun 05 2021
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Advice needed for developing self-efficacy

Last year i was officially diagnosed with ADHD and the subsequent guidance and medication has been truly life-changing. I have a new job where i am largely thriving and let go of a relationship which would have been toxic if we had kept it going. All in all, i’m very happy with developments so far. The only thing i still struggle with is feelings of low self-efficacy within certain situations. My family found my symptoms growing up very difficult to deal with and it resulted in a lot of heavy-handed judgemental and controlling behavior. One of my earliest memories is handing in an assignment that had been largely written and drawn by them. It received high marks but it left me feeling like such an impostor. There were many other instances of low trust and taking over tasks and decisions and being second-guessed if i had an opinion or idea ranging from thoughts on the future to how to arrange the contents of my dresser. The result is that i have developed into an adult that is far more passive, critical and self-defeating than i would like to be. I feel paralyzed during discussions, feel self-conscious when i am being observed and have developed a wide range of avoidant behaviors. Has anybody here found a way to get past a similar paralysis? Therapy has helped a lot, but my freeze response is stubborn and my mind goes blank if i am dealing with perceived overly-assertive or controlling behavior. As soon as someone snaps or deluges me with β€˜helpful’ suggestions it feels like being hit in the stomach and no amount of deep breaths make the paralysis go away. Any suggestions or guidance, or β€˜i hear ya!’ would be an enormous help.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Polistera
πŸ“…︎ Oct 03 2021
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self-esteem vs self - efficacy

Can someone please clarify the difference b/w self-esteem and self - efficacy?

Thank you.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/01raza
πŸ“…︎ Aug 30 2021
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Tolerability and efficacy of s.c. IgG self-treatment in ME/CFS patients with IgG/IgG subclass deficiency: a proof-of-concept study wames.org.uk/cms-english/…
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Thebirdman333
πŸ“…︎ Aug 24 2021
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[Results] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy (US, 18+)
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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ Aug 04 2021
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Study finds that people who are unjustly stopped, searched, or questioned by law enforcement will likely experience a range of detrimental outcomes associated with unfair police treatment, including depression, suicidal thoughts, drug use, and a loss of self-efficacy. buffalo.edu/news/releases…
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πŸ‘€︎ u/drewiepoodle
πŸ“…︎ Mar 08 2021
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Kata/Bunkai Efficacy in Self-Defense.

I have started training at a traditional Goju-Ryu Dojo. I have some experience with other martial arts such as FMA and Jiu Jutsu. How long did other members here train until they felt competent to defend against some common attacks once they had practised enough Kata and Bunkai? I understand Kata and Goju-Ryu are a lifetime of work.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Born-Total842
πŸ“…︎ Jul 08 2021
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Religious people facing life crises rely on emotion-regulation strategies that psychologists also use, a new study finds. They also tend to have confidence in their ability to cope with difficulty, a trait called β€œcoping self-efficacy.” Both have been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety & depression blogs.illinois.edu/view/6…
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πŸ‘€︎ u/rustoo
πŸ“…︎ Jan 08 2021
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Recruitment - Reading Self-Efficacy Study

Hello,

The Cognitive-Communication Rehabilitation Lab at the University of Georgia is inviting you to participate in an online survey examining beliefs and experiences about reading. The survey will ask you about your reading, reading habits, learning, and physical activity, which will take about 15 minutes to complete.

You can click on the link below or copy and paste the address into your browser.

TAKE THE SURVEY HERE: https://ugeorgia.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_73ZHbXGcGnQHqxo

There are no risks to your health with this study, although you could become bored or tired. There is no direct benefit to you for taking part in this study. Your participation is helpful for understanding sources of reading self-efficacy in college students with and without disabilities.

At the end of the survey, you can enter to win 1 of 20 $10 gift cards. You do not have to participate in the research to enter the drawing; email us at info@cogcomlab.org to receive a link to be entered into the drawing.

All research data will be collected via the internet. Feel free to contact Yalian Pei, a Ph.D. Student, at Yalian.Pei@uga.edu or Dr. Katy O’Brien, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education at the University of Georgia, at khobrien@uga.edu, or email the Cognitive-Communication Rehabilitation Lab with any questions about this study at info@cogcomlab.org.

Thank you so much for your help with this project!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/aizuathen
πŸ“…︎ Aug 27 2021
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How to stop breaking promises to yourself and build up your self-efficacy [Method]

Most people do this:

>"I'm not going to do [bad habit] ever again!"
>
>5 minutes later
>
>*Does bad habit*

If a friend kept promising to meet up with you and canceled at the last minute, eventually you'd stop making plans with them. You'd no longer trust them.

The same thing happens when we make promises to ourselves and fail to follow through. We lose self-trust which then starts to look like hopelessness and depression.

But there is a way out: make and keep much smaller promises.

If you wanted to get stronger in the gym, you wouldn't go into the gym and try to lift 1000lbs. You'd start light and build up slowly, as you grew stronger.

So if you want to quit a bad habit, make a promise that you won't do it for 1 minute.

If you can do that, try 5 minutes. Then 15, 30, an hour. If you can do an hour, try 2, then 4, then 8, then 24. And so on.

People say "just quit [bad habit] for 30 days and then you'll be free from it." But if you could just make it 30 days, you wouldn't need that advice. Start with 1 minute and build up from there.

Same thing applies to creating a new habit. Don't do a "200 pushups a day 30 day challenge!" if you aren't doing any pushups right now. Start with a "1 pushup a day challenge" as Mini Habits author Stephen Guise came up with.

You can always do more than 1 pushup if you are having fun. But make your minimum standard very low, so you can do it even if you're really tired, sick, or just don't want to do it.

Importantly, if you miss your small goal, make it even smaller next time. Most people double down. "I didn't meet my calorie goal for my diet today, so tomorrow I'm going to have to fast all day!" Don't do that. That's like saying, "I failed to lift 250lbs today, so tomorrow I'm going to try for 500lbs!"

Make the goal smaller, get a win, and then build on success. If you do it this way, your word will mean something again. You will build self-trust and self-efficacy. You'll start holding your head higher and feeling better about yourself. And pretty soon you will be able to take on a 30-day challenge, quit that bad habit, or create that new habit.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/duffstoic
πŸ“…︎ Jul 13 2021
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The Relationship Between Erectile Dysfunction and Sexual Self-Efficacy Mediated by The Dark Triad and Pornographic Use

Hi guys,

I am conducting a study on men with and without erectile dysfunction and sexual self-efficacy mediated by the dark triad and pornographic use for my master’s in psychology and I would like to invite all men 18 and above to take part. All participants will remain anonymous throughout the process. If you would like to take part, please click on the first link below and follow the instructions that are provided in the information sheet.

Information sheet, consent form and survey: https://docs.google.com/.../1FAIpQLSeTzx13kfv.../viewform...

Generate numbers
https://www.random.org/integers/

Withdrawal form: https://docs.google.com/.../1FAIpQLSfsvH07SJH.../viewform...

πŸ‘︎ 3
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Tiara_Reid
πŸ“…︎ Nov 16 2021
🚨︎ report
The relationship between erectile dysfunction and self-efficacy mediated by the dark triad and pornographic use

Hi,

I am conducting a study on men with and without erectile dysfunction and sexual self-efficacy mediated by the dark triad and pornographic use for my master’s in psychology and I would like to invite all men 18 and above to take part. All participants will remain anonymous throughout the process. If you would like to take part, please click on the first link below and follow the instructions that are provided in the information sheet.

Information sheet, consent form and survey: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeTzx13kfve9lEoIyE0II7e5RsrzDggGNj2OxOOCdT9TMjecQ/viewform?usp=sf_link

Pre-generated numbers: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1AsYNOjeCWvrDKocfeb23FBEtSybFb-zs/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116893981545568830939&rtpof=true&sd=true

Withdrawal form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfsvH07SJHLDoAmWGggHfEM2WYyj-63MPrJzlkA3WOSREK5fw/viewform?usp=sf_link

PLEASE NOTE: If you are having problems accessing the pre-generated numbers please use the link below to generate the first to digits of the code.

https://www.random.org/integers/

πŸ‘︎ 4
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Tiara_Reid
πŸ“…︎ Oct 25 2021
🚨︎ report
[Academic] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy! (US, 18+, diagnosed with ADHD)

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

TL/DR: We're trying to study if observing ADHD memes has an impact on self-report self-efficacy among individuals diagnosed with ADHD

Formal Recruitment Message:

Hello, I am Jia Jian Tin, a psychological intern at Psychological Services Department at Clovis Community College in Clovis, California. I am conducting a study on the impact of viewing ADHD-related internet memes on self-efficacy of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. This information can help provide insight into the potential benefits of engaging in social media groups or forums.

The link below will provide access to the online questionnaire created via Qualtrics. Completing the survey should take no more than 15 minutes of your time. You will be requested to consent to voluntary participation in the survey. Once you have given your consent, you will be presented with the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, 15 ADHD memes, and a demographic questionnaire.

In completing the questionnaire, please be truthful and answer to the best of your ability; there are no right or wrong answers. Identifiable personal details have deliberately been omitted to ensure the anonymity of responses. Only my research team will have access to the raw data.

This questionnaire asks about your own opinion. Completion is entirely voluntary; you may withdraw from the study at any time before you submit the survey. Please note that once you submit your survey, it becomes impossible to remove your response. This survey is purposefully anonymous, so I will be unable to tell which answer is yours.

If you have any questions about the research or would like to receive aggregate results of the study when it is completed, feel free to contact:

Jia Jian Tin, M.S. [Principal Investigator]: jiajian.tin@cloviscollege.edu

Geni Perryment, M.A. [Co-investigator]: geni.perryment@reedleycollege.edu

Samuel Montano, Ph.D. [Co-investigator]: samuel.montano@fresnocitycolleg.edu

Thank you kindly for your time!

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

πŸ‘︎ 29
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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ May 25 2021
🚨︎ report
[Academic] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy! (US, 18+, diagnosed with ADHD)

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

TL/DR: We're trying to study if observing ADHD memes has an impact on self-report self-efficacy among individuals diagnosed with ADHD

Formal Recruitment Message:

Hello, I am Jia Jian Tin, a psychological intern at Psychological Services Department at Clovis Community College in Clovis, California. I am conducting a study on the impact of viewing ADHD-related internet memes on self-efficacy of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. This information can help provide insight into the potential benefits of engaging in social media groups or forums.

The link below will provide access to the online questionnaire created via Qualtrics. Completing the survey should take no more than 15 minutes of your time. You will be requested to consent to voluntary participation in the survey. Once you have given your consent, you will be presented with the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, 15 ADHD memes, and a demographic questionnaire.

In completing the questionnaire, please be truthful and answer to the best of your ability; there are no right or wrong answers. Identifiable personal details have deliberately been omitted to ensure the anonymity of responses. Only my research team will have access to the raw data.

This questionnaire asks about your own opinion. Completion is entirely voluntary; you may withdraw from the study at any time before you submit the survey. Please note that once you submit your survey, it becomes impossible to remove your response. This survey is purposefully anonymous, so I will be unable to tell which answer is yours.

If you have any questions about the research or would like to receive aggregate results of the study when it is completed, feel free to contact:

Jia Jian Tin, M.S. [Principal Investigator]: jiajian.tin@cloviscollege.edu

Geni Perryment, M.A. [Co-investigator]: geni.perryment@reedleycollege.edu

Samuel Montano, Ph.D. [Co-investigator]: samuel.montano@fresnocitycolleg.edu

Thank you kindly for your time!

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

πŸ‘︎ 24
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πŸ‘€︎ u/BouNcYToufU
πŸ“…︎ May 21 2021
🚨︎ report
[Academic] ADHD Memes and Self Efficacy! (US, 18+, diagnosed with ADHD)

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

TL/DR: We're trying to study if observing ADHD memes has an impact on self-report self-efficacy among individuals diagnosed with ADHD

Formal Recruitment Message:

Hello, I am Jia Jian Tin, a psychological intern at Psychological Services Department at Clovis Community College in Clovis, California. I am conducting a study on the impact of viewing ADHD-related internet memes on self-efficacy of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. This information can help provide insight into the potential benefits of engaging in social media groups or forums.

The link below will provide access to the online questionnaire created via Qualtrics. Completing the survey should take no more than 15 minutes of your time. You will be requested to consent to voluntary participation in the survey. Once you have given your consent, you will be presented with the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, 15 ADHD memes, and a demographic questionnaire.

In completing the questionnaire, please be truthful and answer to the best of your ability; there are no right or wrong answers. Identifiable personal details have deliberately been omitted to ensure the anonymity of responses. Only my research team will have access to the raw data.

This questionnaire asks about your own opinion. Completion is entirely voluntary; you may withdraw from the study at any time before you submit the survey. Please note that once you submit your survey, it becomes impossible to remove your response. This survey is purposefully anonymous, so I will be unable to tell which answer is yours.

If you have any questions about the research or would like to receive aggregate results of the study when it is completed, feel free to contact:

Jia Jian Tin, M.S. [Principal Investigator]: jiajian.tin@cloviscollege.edu

Geni Perryment, M.A. [Co-investigator]: geni.perryment@reedleycollege.edu

Samuel Montano, Ph.D. [Co-investigator]: samuel.montano@fresnocitycolleg.edu

Thank you kindly for your time!

Link: https://scccd.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_37PL2yYzgOuJe8C

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