A list of puns related to "Polysaccharide"
Cordyceps sinensis (the new species name is Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is a precious Chinese medicinal material. The polysaccharides are one of the important biologically active components of C. sinensis and have attracted more and more attention from scholars.
The purpose of the review is to systematically review relevant studies on the extraction, structure, and pharmacological effects of C. sinensis polysaccharides to support their further application as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
The results show that these C. sinensis polysaccharides have different structure, which may be closely related to their pharmacological activities. C. sinensis polysaccharides have various pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and prebiotics effect.
Moreover, C. sinensis polysaccharides can produce anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and anti-atherosclerosis effects, and have protective effects on the liver, intestine and kidney.
In short, C. sinensis polysaccharides show potential medicinal value, and are expected to be used in the treatment of many diseases.
Full text :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464621005582
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has continued to increase worldwide, and a caspase-in-dependent, proinflammatory form of programmed cell death termed necroptosis has been observed to actively play an important role in its pathogenesis.
Recent studies have indicated that polysaccharides from edible mushrooms suppress colitis. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of mushroom polysaccharides on colitis-associated necroptosis.
In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and their impact on colitis-associated necroptosis was investigated using both in vivo and in vitro models. Polysaccharides extracted from L. edodes were administered to mice with dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis prior to and during colitis induction. The Caco-2 cell model of necroptosis was used to investigate the antinecroptotic activity of the polysaccharide sample in an in vitro system.
We found that polysaccharides from L. edodes suppressed colitis in mice in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited necroptotic cell death in Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, the polysaccharide extract exerted a remarkable inhibitory effect on the receptor-interacting protein kinase RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase) necroptosis signaling cascade, which resulted in a decreased level of phosphorylated MLKL in the colon of mice with colitis.
Notably, the anti-inflammatory and antinecroptotic activities of the polysaccharide sample were found to be dependent on the carbohydrate-rich fraction of the polysaccharides. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of the polysaccharides from L. edodes on necroptotic cell death in the colon may be partly responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity against ulcerative colitis.
Therefore, this study provides evidence for the antinecroptotic and anti-inflammatory activity of L. edodes polysaccharide extract to support its use as an alternative source of therapeutic agent against ulcerative colitis.
From :
- https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/708ae68d64b17c52,433ce6e41ae07a4d,0ea38366780d82e8.html
This work describes the preparation of sulfated Hericium erinaceus residue polysaccharides (SHRPs) and investigates their antioxidant and antiaging effects on D-galactoseβinduced aging mice.
The results indicated that the degree of SO42- substitution was 0.47 Β± 0.22 for SHRPs.
In vitro analysis and in vivo animal experiments manifested that SHRPs could alleviate aging properties by scavenging radicals, elevating enzyme activities, and reducing malondialde-hyde content, thus improving serum biochemical indices and enhancing immunological activity.
Liver and brain injuries of mice could be remitted by SHRP interventions. Structural characteristics of SHRPs in this work were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the results suggest that SHRPs could be used as an effective dietary supplement and functional food for prevention of aging and age-related diseases.
From :
- https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/708ae68d64b17c52,3555641a660b0b45,60257c280f664e0a.html
Objective
To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of Inonotus obliquuspolysaccharides (IOP) on the alleviation of physical fatigue in mice.
Methods
Sixty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 16 per group). Mice were orally administered IOP for a period of 14 days at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/d, and were assigned to the control, IOP-100, IOP-200, and IOP-300 groups, respectively by the random number table method. Mice in the control group received an oral administration of sterile distilled water. A forced swimming test was performed for 8 mice per group at one hour after the last treatment. The other 8 mice in each group swam for 30 min. Blood, liver and muscle samples were taken after resting for 30 min. Levels of blood urea nitrogen and lactate, as well as glycogen contents of the liver and muscle were measured. Morphology of liver was observed by light microscopy.
Results
IOP extended the swimming time of mice, and increased the glycogen content of liver and muscle, but decreased blood lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen levels. IOP had no toxic effects on major organs such as the liver as assessed by histopathological examinations.
Conclusion
IOP might be a potential anti-fatigue pharmacological agent.
Full text :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254627215301266?dgcid=raven_sd_recommender_email
The aim of this study was to detect the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) combined with Vitamin C (VC) on Heps-bearing Mice. The tumor inhibition rate of GFP/VC intragastric administration or intraperitoneal injection were 57.92% and 69.58% respectively.
Immunohistochemical and Western Blot results showed the expression of apoptosis-related and autophagy-related proteins (PARP, Caspase3, Beclin-1 and LC-3) all increased. FCM results indicated that the percentages of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B lymphocytes, and Treg cells in the GFP/VC treatment group all increased. And the secretion of GM-CSF, IL-4,IL-10 and MIP-3a/CCL20 in peripheral blood significantly reduced.
On the contrary, the secretion of IFN-Ξ³, TNF-Ξ±, IL-2 and IL-12p70 increased after GFP/VC treatment. And in the above indicators, the differences between the experimental group and the negative control group were statistically significant (P all < 0.05). So GFP combined with VC have obvious anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effect in mouse liver cancer models.
Full text :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464621004461
In this study, we reported a thermal stable and non-toxic heteropolysaccharide F31 from Ganoderma Lucidum , which decreased the blood glucose of diabetic mice (21.75 mmol/L) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to 12.56 and 15.18 mmol/L (P < 0.01) at 180 and 60 mg/kg, depicting remarkable hypoglycemic effects of 42.25 and 30.21%.
Moreover, F31 repaired islet cells and increased insulin secretion, promoted the synthesis and storage of glycogen in liver and improved activities of antioxidant enzymes and insulin resistances, declining HOMA-IR (43.77 mmol/mU) of diabetic mice (P < 0.01) to 17.32 and 20.96 mmol/mU at both doses. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that F31 significantly decreased Firmicutes (44.92%, P < 0.01) and enhanced Bacteroidetes (33.73%, P < 0.01) and then increased B/F ratio of diabetic mice to 0.6969 (P < 0.01), even being close to normal control (P = 0.9579).
F31 enriched Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae, which may relieve glucose, insulin resistance and inflammation through decreasing the release of endotoxins into the circulation from intestine, carbohydrate fermentation in gut and activation of the intestine-brain axis. Functionally, F31 improved metabolism of gut microbiota to a normal state.
These results may provide novel insights into the beneficial effect of F31 against hyperglycemia .
From :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813021026507
I see this as an ingredient sometimes on Japanese foods, and I can't tell if it's vegan or not. Most of these foods also contain agar agar which is vegan. I just don't know if they're saying the polysccharides are the gelling agent or if they're an additive in the gelling agent.
If anyone has any experience regarding this, I'd love an answer.
The purified polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus fermented mycelium entitled with PHEB was analyzed and it was mainly composed of six glycosidic bonds.
It has been confirmed to show the relieving activity against Alzheimer's Disease (AD)- just as behaviors of B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1d E9)/Nju double transgenic [Genotype: (Appswe)T, (Psen1) T] (APP/PS1) mice. Six-week PHEB administration significantly improved the cognitive behavior of mice. Brain injury, amyloid beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation were alleviated in PHEB-treated AD mice without changes in other tissues.
PHEB alleviated the oxidative stress in brains of AD mice via regulation the Nrf2 and its downstream kinase, which further improved the cholinergic system function. Proteomics and bioinformatics analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of PHEB is achieved by regulating calcium homeostasis mediated by oxidative stress.
Furthermore, PHEB regulated the CaMK II/IV to achieve the calcium homeostasis in brains; and ultimately to show the anti-AD property.
From :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813021022753
Abstract
Objective
To investigate whether the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was involved in the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Methods
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model was constructed in C57/BL6J mice. Mice were randomly divided into LPS + GLP + EX-527, LPS + EX-527, LPS + GLP, LPS or control group). The levels of serum inflammatory factor markers were examined by ELISA. H&E staining was performed to assess the inflammation. TUNEL staining and bromodeoxyuridine staining were used to observe cell apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. Expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related proteins was detected by western blot.
Key findings
GLP treatment could significantly increase the expression of SIRT1, reduce levels of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-Ξ±, IL-1Ξ± and IL-6) and inflammatory cells in mice heart tissue of sepsis models (all Ps < 0.01). Compared with LPS group, GLP treatment inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation of myocardial tissues (all Ps < 0.01). Besides, EX-527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) treatment could partially reverse the protective effects of GLP against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (all Ps < 0.01).
Conclusions
GLP might play a protective role in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through regulating inflammatory response, apoptosis and proliferation via activating SIRT1. Therefore, GLP is expected to be a probable novel strategy for treatment of sepsis.
From :
- https://academic.oup.com/jpp/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jpp/rgab142/6375068
G. lucidum has a long history of thousands of years in China and is closely related with the lives of the Chinese people. It is reported to cure various diseases due to its high nutritional value and wide range of uses.
The fascinating effects of G. lucidum have tethered a multitude of efforts to explore its effective ingredients and supplement functions. At present, many cancer research studies have reported the G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and G. lucidum triterpenes (GLTs) as the main active ingredients in G. lucidum, which have shown positive effects on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. GLPs or GLTs treatment synergizes with radiotherapy and chemotherapy through multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune microenvironment, etc.
Therefore, this review aims to analyze and summarize these complex molecules from G. lucidum in order to create more treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
Full text :
Coriolus versicolor (L.) QuΓ©l. is a higher fungi or mushroom which is now known by its accepted scientific name as Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (family Polyporaceae).
The polysaccharides, primarily two commercial products from China and Japan as PSP and PSK, respectively, have been claimed to serve as adjuvant therapy for cancer. In this paper, research advances in this field, including direct cytotoxicity in cancer cells and immunostimulatory effects, are scrutinised at three levels: in vitro, in vivo and clinical outcomes.
The level of activity in the various cancers, key targets (both in cancer and immune cells) and pharmacological efficacies are discussed.
Full text :
The polysaccharides from edible fungus showed many kinds of biological activities, including anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, improving functional constipation activities.
In particular, the immunomodulatory effects have been paid more and more attention by scholars, but there was no systematic introduction of their immunomodulatory mechanism.
So, this review introduced the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in recent years, and then the relationships between structure and immunomodulatory effect were also discussed.
Full text :
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453021000483
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