Efferent Nerve Puns

• DOI/PMID/ISBN: doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00426.2020

• URL

Do different nerves have varying distributions of afferent and efferent fibers in their composition? For example, the vagus nerve has about 80% afferent and 20% efferent vibers. Is this similar to other nerves? If not, what is the reason for this disparity? I understand that the vagus nerve plays a large part in the parasympathetic nervous system, but is this distribution similar in other nerves? There doesn't seem to be much information here (at least from my quick look at it).

Neuros keep their thinking/expertise pretty close to the chest, which makes it hard to understand where we were at when diagnosed. I found this recently (read with a grain of salt). He suggests one had 10 or more of these at diagnosis or first years (while initially untreated) they may be (or have been back then) in the "poor" prognostic group (most are in intermediate) that may have warranted not just heavy hitter DMTs (recommended for all), but perhaps the heaviest of heavy hitters at onset (immune reconstitution therapies/IRTs).

I had 11+ (the plus because some they never tested like neurofilaments, never did lumbar puncture); and, I don't smoke, am not male, mid-thirties when diagnosed, and don't have the comorbidities listed, yet still score above, oof. Explains me burning through DMTs fast, wish my neruo had clued in faster for scarier DMTs at outset, instead of piddling around accruing disability! Thought this might be interesting, source at the bottom (Barts London neurology professor).

EDIT TO BE CLEAR, this post is for those like me who may fall (neuro should really determine this) in the poor prognostic group, which may (or may not depending on personal/medical factors) warrant the highest risk DMTs (IRTs--immune reconstitution therapies like AHSCT and Lemtrada, which are considered "very highly effective" but also higher risk, for those that have free access, such as those in UK, Canada etc). Highly effective treatments from outset (not necessarily IRTs), is what is currently recommended for anyone with MS, as supported by the latest science, because time is brain,... and approx 40% of those told they have "benign MS," later find out their MS was not benign. I posted because despite having most poor prognostic factors, my neuro wanted escalation (starting with interferons), I didn't know better. If this can help anyone to self-advocate harder and get better care, right on! Also, good to know smoking is a changeable factor as well as diet to potentially prevent some comorbidities! Definitely this should be taken with a grain of salt tho.

"Prognostic factors:

• Older age of onset (greater than 40 years).
• Male sex.
• “Multifocal“ onset. More than one site in the nervous system involved with the initial attack
• Efferent or effector system is affected early. That is the motor (power), cerebellar (balance and coordination), or bladder & bowel function.
• Partial or no recovery from initial relapses

What are the similarities and differences between reflexes like Knee Jerks and others like Pupillary Reflex?

Also, I have a few related Qs in my mind:

Are the nerves carrying efferent signal for knee jerk pathway same as those that cause voluntary contraction of knee extensors?

Are secretomotor fibres, say for reflex lacrimation classified similarly to reflex motor fibres, say pupillary contractors and dilators?

I guess afferent fibres always have to be sensory, but efferent fibres can be motor or secretomotor. But some diagrams don't list an Autonomic Afferent system. https://images.app.goo.gl/X8Z383q35Yhkx4JL7

Its a bit confusing.

So one theory of CRPS is that the nerves are damaged sending pain signals to the brain then the brain sends down a fight or flight signal causing pain, coldness(for those of us with CRPS-2) and stiffness of the limb.

If you could take a vasodilator drug would it lessen the effects of the sympathetic efferent signals coming down?

Ive had CRPS 2 for 2 years after a serious b12 deficiency caused nerve damage in my feet.

So far ive tried:

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Palmitoylethanolamide

B12 injections

thiamine tablets and injections

Arginine and Citruilline

Biotin

Exercise/walking/swiming/

Stretching

Hot Baths and incline table.

Im just trying everything I can and checking off things that don't work at all and some that work slightly.

If anyones ever had experience with taking a calcium channel blocked like Amlodipine or Nefidipine let me know!

British Journal of Urology:

Oct 1991

Epididymectomy for post-vasectomy pain: histological review

Abstract:

Fifteen epididymectomies were performed on 10 patients with post-vasectomy pain and 12 specimens were available for histopathological review. The findings were compared with those in 2 groups in which epididymectomy was performed for chronic epididymo-orchitis and epididymal cysts. The results showed that 50% of the post-vasectomy group were cured by simple epididymectomy. Pathological findings revealed features of long-standing obstruction and interstitial and perineural fibrosis which may have accounted for the pain. It is important to recognise this late complication of vasectomy and, if surgery is to be performed, to include all of the distal vas and previous vasectomy site in the excision.

PIP:

Epididymectomy was performed on 10 men with intractable post-vasectomy pain, on 7 with chronic epididymo-orchitis and 7 with epididymal cysts. The vasectomy patients had pain of mean 6 years duration, 6 months-20 years after surgery. In 9 the pain was a constant, dull ache. 5 had unilateral, and 5 bilateral epididymectomy. Only 5 were relieved of pain: 1 subsequently had orchidectomy with symptomatic improvement. The other 4 were offered orchidectomy. There was no obvious association of clinical findings with results. All 7 patients with epididymo-orchitis were relieved, although 1 required orchidectomy. 4 of the 7 with cysts had complained of pain, and all were asymptomatic after surgery. The most common pathological findings in the vasectomy patients were obstruction and dilatation of the efferent and epididymal ducts with interstitial fibrosis, and perineural inflammation and fibrosis around nerves, particularly in the tail of epididymis. So-called "late vasectomy syndrome" or unremitting pain is rare, and probable related to sperm granuloma.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1933163/

Summary from /u/postvasectomy:

This is a study of 24 men.

7 had chronic epididymo-orchitis. 6 got pain relief from the epididymectomy. The last one went on to have an orchidectomy which relieved his pain.

7 had epididymal cysts -- only 4 of them were in pain. All were pain free after epididymectomy.

10 had post-vasectomy pain. On average, they had been in pain for 6 years, and this was 6 months to 20 years after vasectomy. 9 had a constant, dull ache. Half had pain on one side. Half had pain on boths sides. 5 were relieved of pain. 1

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Think of it like this:

Effect is what you do to something.

Affect is what something does to you.

For example, music has an incredible effect on people; it affects them emotionally.

It even follows suit into the sciences.

In the human body, you can categorize neurons as either afferent or efferent.

Afferent nerves travel from the periphery to the central nervous system (to the spinal cord and brain).

They carry sensations from receptors to the brain. The affect the central nervous system.

Efferent neurons travel from the central nervous to peripheral organs (most notably skeletal muscle).

These neurons carry the signal of the effect of the central nervous system to the body.

I always struggled with understanding “affect vs effect” in grade school, and Just had this random thought and thought I’d share

I have long thought that the Tree of Life archetype in the Garden of Eden story was symbolic of the Human energetic system, whilst the Serpent was an obvious reference to Kundalini in some manner. Although my interpretation differs slightly, I nevertheless found this exposition by Paramahamsa Yogananda from “Autobiography of a Yogi” pretty instructive, especially in light of what it may tell us about the role of SR in leading a Brahmacarya or renunciate lifestyle.

"The Adam and Eve story is incomprehensible to me!" I observed with considerable heat

one day in my early struggles with the allegory. "Why did God punish not only the guilty

pair, but also the innocent unborn generations?"

Master was more amused by my vehemence than my ignorance. "Genesis is deeply sym-

bolic, and cannot be grasped by a literal interpretation," he explained. "Its 'tree of life' is

the human body. The spinal cord is like an upturned tree, with man's hair as its roots, and

afferent and efferent nerves as branches. The tree of the nervous system bears many

enjoyable fruits, or sensations of sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. In these, man may

rightfully indulge; but he was forbidden the experience of sex, the 'apple' at the center of

the bodily garden. ¹⁶-¹⁴

"The 'serpent' represents the coiled-up spinal energy which stimulates the sex nerves.

'Adam' is reason, and 'Eve' is feeling. When the emotion or Eve-consciousness in any

human being is overpowered by the sex impulse, his reason or Adam also succumbs.

"God created the human species by materializing the bodies of man and woman through

the force of His will; He endowed the new species with the power to create children in a

similar 'immaculate' or divine manner. ¹⁶-¹⁶ Because His manifestation in the individ-

ualized soul had hitherto been limited to animals, instinct-bound and lacking the poten-

tialities of full reason, God made the first human bodies, symbolically called Adam and

Eve. To these, for advantageous upward evolution, He transferred the souls or divine

essence of two animals. ¹⁶-¹⁷ In Adam or man, reason predominated; in Eve or woman,

feeling was ascendant. Thus was expressed the duality or polarity which underlies the phe-

nomenal worlds. Reason and feeling remain in a heaven of cooperative joy so long as the

human mind is not tricked by the serpentine energy of animal propensities.

"The human body was therefore not solely a result of evolution from beasts, but

Alot of great jokes get posted here! However just because you have a joke, doesn't mean it's a dad joke.

THIS IS NOT ABOUT NSFW, THIS IS ABOUT LONG JOKES, BLONDE JOKES, SEXUAL JOKES, KNOCK KNOCK JOKES, POLITICAL JOKES, ETC BEING POSTED IN A DAD JOKE SUB

Try telling these sexual jokes that get posted here, to your kid and see how your spouse likes it.. if that goes well, Try telling one of your friends kid about your sex life being like Coca cola, first it was normal, than light and now zero , and see if the parents are OK with you telling their kid the "dad joke"

I'm not even referencing the NSFW, I'm saying Dad jokes are corny, and sometimes painful, not sexual

So check out r/jokes for all types of jokes

r/unclejokes for dirty jokes

r/3amjokes for real weird and alot of OC

r/cleandadjokes If your really sick of seeing not dad jokes in r/dadjokes

Punchline !

Edit: this is not a post about NSFW , This is about jokes, knock knock jokes, blonde jokes, political jokes etc being posted in a dad joke sub

Edit 2: don't touch the thermostat

But don't take my word for it.

Miguel Gonzalez – Andrades, MD, PhD

Clinical Advisor, Cordoba Spain

No Limits/Investor Hour (October 12, 2021)

Many Thanks, TU, for the kind introduction. The eye is one of the most complex organs in our body, the only one capable of transducing light into nerve signals that the brain can interpret into what we see around us. The anterior surface of the eye is formed by the conjunctiva, the sclera, and the cornea. Posterior to the cornea, we find the iris and the ciliary body where the aqueous humor is secreted, which fills the anterior and posterior chambers formed by these structures, including the lens.

Inflammatory processes in the anterior segment and the aqueous humor dynamics that controls the intraocular pressure, can directly affect the posterior segment of the eye where the retina is located, between the vitreous cavity and the choroid.

The retina is composed of multiple layers of different types of cells. From the photoreceptors that transduce the light into nerve signals to the ganglion cells that transmit that light out of the eye forming the nerve fiber layer that forms the optic nerve.

Out of all the diseases that can affect the eye, there is one that stands out as our main priority: glaucoma. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, standing as a major public health concern. It affects more than 60 million people worldwide.

Glaucoma is a group of ocular disorders that damage the optic nerve.

There are multiple proposed mechanisms of glaucomatous damage. There are some related to an increase in intraocular pressure because of damage of the structures related to the aqueous humor outflow such as the trabecular meshwork or the Schlemm’s canal. And there are other mechanisms independent of the IOP mainly based on the dysregulation of the vasculature, autoimmune disorders or induced cytotoxicity.

Currently, the only treatment we can offer to our patients is lowering the intraocular pressure to slow disease progression. Medical therapy is focused on facilitating the outflow of the aqueous humor or diminish its production. Usually, first line therapies are prostaglandin analogues and beta-blockers.

The most efficacious and the most convenient drops with once nightly dosage are the prostaglandin analogues. However, they can cause irritation and redness of the ocular surface, finally leading to lack of compliance by the patient.

The second most efficacious class of drops, and

Do your worst!

It's not a strange idea it seems like there's some theories circulating around that bad posture, neck or upper back tightness could be constricting the vagus nerve which is heavily linked to gut/brain communication.

In short the theory goes on to say that blocked vagus nerve pathways mean not just impacted MMC (motility) but potentially also stomach and bile regulation. Basically, a impeded vagus nerve can effect the entire gastro tract starting from digesting all the way to gut motility. Given the vagus nerve is linked to all of these important organs which could cause SIBO, it's worth looking into.

This image from a pubmed paper shows this relationship in simple terms:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5859128/bin/fpsyt-09-00044-g001.jpg

Here are some sources on this:

>The hepatic branch of the vagus nerve is supplied mainly through the anterior trunk, which is an extension of the left vagus nerve under the diaphragm. Efferent vagus nerve signaling to the liver regulates hepatic metabolic function, such as the control of hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis) (29, 49–51)

Article

>The vagus nerve is an essential part of the brain–gut axis and plays an important role in the modulation of inflammation, the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and the regulation of food intake, satiety, and energy homeostasis. An interaction between nutrition and the vagus nerve is well known, and vagal tone can influence food intake and weight gain.
>
>Moreover, the vagus nerve plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, obesity as well as other stress-induced and inflammatory diseases.

Paper

>The idea is that vagal dysfunction, which occurs commonly as part of HIV-associated autonomic neuropathy, (Causing such symptoms as dizziness, fainting, digestive disorders, sweating abnormalities, pupil dysfunction in senses light and dark), could exacerbate inflammation through gastrointestinal dysmotility, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and alterations in pattern

Veteran 0520100:

July 22, 2005

Timeline:

VA clinical records show treatment in March 1986 for complaints of swelling and tenderness in the right testicle. Evaluation revealed the left testicle and epididymis to be normal. When seen early in April 1996, the veteran gave a one-year history of right epididymal pain. Reference was also made to some left tenderness and evaluation revealed slight swelling in the left testicle.

During a VA hospitalization in May and June 1986, the veteran complained of episodic pain and swelling in the scrotum that had been increasing over the previous year. He also complained of nocturia for several months, and also reported hesitancy and decreased stream force. A history of a vasectomy in 1968 was noted. Evaluation revealed a palpable mass on the lower pole of the right testis with a tense and slightly enlarged right epididymis. A slightly enlarged left testicle that was tender to palpation was also reported. In the course of the hospitalization the veteran underwent a bilateral epididymectomy. (The record contains a Re

Ants don’t even have the concept fathers, let alone a good dad joke. Keep r/ants out of my r/dadjokes.

But no, seriously. I understand rule 7 is great to have intelligent discussion, but sometimes it feels like 1 in 10 posts here is someone getting upset about the jokes on this sub. Let the mods deal with it, they regulate the sub.

They were cooked in Greece.

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

Don't you know a good pun is its own reword?

Two muffins are in an oven, one muffin looks at the other and says "is it just me, or is it hot in here?"

Then the other muffin says "AHH, TALKING MUFFIN!!!"

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

I'm having a real hard time understanding neuro content. I'm not talking about pathology, just the basic physiology: referred pain concept, autonomic VS somatic VS visceral, afferent efferent, all the spine structures like dorsal root ganglion, cranial nerves etc.

Is there any resource that breaks it down really simply. I no longer have osmosis and ninja nerds videos are a bit advanced for me.

And now I’m cannelloni

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

But that’s comparing apples to oranges

And boy are my arms legs.

Heard they've been doing some shady business.

but then I remembered it was ground this morning.

Edit: Thank you guys for the awards, they're much nicer than the cardboard sleeve I've been using and reassures me that my jokes aren't stale

Edit 2: I have already been made aware that Men In Black 3 has told a version of this joke before. If the joke is not new to you, please enjoy any of the single origin puns in the comments

BamBOO!

They’re on standbi

A play on words.

My daughter, Chewbecca, not so much.

Pilot on me!!

Christopher Walken

Nothing, he was gladiator.