I'm just starting on category theory, and I am having a hard time understanding epimorphisms. I'm trying to understand it by translating surjective / nonsurjective sets into epimorphpism and counterexamples.

The definition for epimorphism is: [;\forall c \forall g_1,g_2;] if [; g_1 \circ f = g_2 \circ f \rightarrow g_1 = g_2;]. Where f is a function [;a \rightarrow b;] and [;g_1;] and [;g_2;] are functions from [;b \rightarrow c;].

I'm trying to understand this with sets as the concrete example.
In this picture, f is not an epimorphism. I don't see how to translate the picture in terms where I can see the definition doesn't hold.

Also, what does it mean for [;g_1 \circ f;] if the point [;g_1;] is acting on isn't in f's image? Is it simply just [;g_1;]?

Thanks.

This hasn't been an issue since I haven't really messed with a whole lot of construction stuffs. I'm getting to a point though where I'd like to find a solution.

Yes, I run mods. Lots of mods. Very possible that one of them is doing something.

The issue with the missing categories is that the concrete shows, and the sub menus show but no mesh or outline of the construct-able object shows.

I've tried menu fixers and all that fun jazz but the meshes don't show up. Has anyone else run into this before? A simple yes and how you fixed it is what I'm looking for. When I have time to go through my mods and troubleshoot, I will check for that as well.

Is that true, or does anyone have experience with these? I'm in a serious need of new wheels and these seemed perfect for me, I'm just curious about this.

Beholder :

A beholder constantly fears for its safety, is wary of any creature that isn’t one of its minions, and is aggressive in dealing with perceived threats. It might react favorably toward creatures that humble themselves before it and present themselves as inferiors, but is easily provoked to attack creatures that brag about their accomplishments or claim to be mighty. Such creatures are seen as threats or fools, and are dealt with mercilessly. Each beholder thinks it is the epitome of its race, and therefore all other beholders are inferior to it — even though, at the same time, it considers other beholders to be its greatest rivals. A beholder might be willing to cooperate with adventurers who have news about another beholder’s lair or activities, and might be nonhostile toward adventurers who praise it for being a perfect example of a beholder.

Giants :

Fire giants on many occasions have ransomed captives back to their families or communities, once the giants determined that a slave had no particular talent they needed and others were willing to pay for its return. Affluent prisoners such as merchants and aristocrats are the most likely to win this sort of reprieve, for obvious reasons. The ransom demanded rarely involves baubles such as gold or gems: fire giants prefer payment in mithral, adamantine, or different slaves (ones with more useful talents or stronger backs).

Gnolls :

Gnolls have little variation in personality and outlook. They are collectively an elemental force, driven by a demon lord to spread death and destruction. The only real opportunity for interaction with gnolls is provided by the cultists that sometimes accompany a war band. This humanoid rabble might have information the characters need or could even be former friends corrupted to the worship of Yeenoghu. To portray a gnoll that is more intelligent or social than the usual, you can give it characteristics similar to Yeenoghu cultists.

Kobolds :

A kobold acknowledges its weakness in the face of a hostile world. It knows it is puny, bigger creatures will exploit it, it will probably die at a young age, and its life will be full of toil. Although this outlook seems bleak, a kobold finds satisfaction in its work, the survival of its tribe, and the knowledge that it shares a heritage with the mightiest of dragons. A kobold isn’t clever, but it isn’t as stupid as an orc. Someone can fool a kobold with smooth words or a quick wit, but when the kobold figures out it has

I apologize for the length of this in advance. This happened some years ago but still seems relevant today so I thought I would share the story.

So back in the 90’s I was working for a European based financial firm. U.S. offices were managed by Europeans with a regional head office in New York. Younger employees were generally underpaid/overworked as in your first few years out of college the promised reward was being promoted to a Director position where the salary, perks and bonus structure would really kick in (kind of like how law firms promote their younger lawyers to partners after a long wait). As junior associates, the only good news was that we received the same five weeks of vacation per year (plus a few weeks of sick leave) as our European counterparts, which for me meant a lot of camping and stay-cations during the summer since I didn’t really make enough to travel to exotic/expensive locations.

The offices were set up in a way where the business development (“BD”) Directors each had a junior associate. The BD guys would generally network, schmooze and travel around their territories to meet clients and new prospects. Once back in the office, the BD guys would dump their meeting notes on the desks of their junior associates to follow up and land the business, aka a “hunter/skinner” model. As a junior associate, I was pretty busy assisting a BD so I routinely rolled over at least two weeks of vacation every year. I had worked at the firm for three years and was starting to get antsy for a promotion. Right after Thanksgiving, my boss in the West Coast office told me that I was being transferred and promoted to the Southeast office come the new year.

I really had no interest in working in/living in the Southeast, but I wanted to advance my career. I rolled over my usual two weeks of vacation into the next year, so I was eligible for seven weeks of vacation that next year. After celebrating New Year’s with my family in CA, I packed up my car and drove across the country. Once in the new office, I settled in and met my new boss, who promptly informed me that he wasn’t actually promoting me to Director though I was being given the responsibilities of the role as he judged me to be “too young” but was also told that if I demonstrated that I could do the job, I would be promoted next year. I was pissed but didn’t have a choice other than moving back home and starting from scratch so I agreed to it. I disliked my new boss instantly as co-workers to

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

If you missed part 1 of this little essay, click here.

A day after Roland Ratzenberger’s death at Imola in 1994, three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna crashed into the concrete barrier at high speed.

Sid Watkins and his team treated Ayrton Senna immediately. At the same time, a mix-up at race control allowed Érik Comas, who had been in the pit lane due to a minor mechanical issue, to rejoin the track even though the rest of the field had been called into the pit lane under a red flag. Comas saw the incident and was apparently so horrified by what he saw that he would not talk about it for the next ten years.

Senna was eventually transported off the site, and the race restarted. To add to the incident count, a car lost a tyre in the pit lane, which struck four mechanics who needed medical attention in the hospital. Comas had withdrawn, and Michael Schumacher would win the race.

Around two hours after the conclusion of the race, Senna’s death was announced. However, according to the physician attending to him at the hospital, he had been dead on impact. Senna had suffered multiple life ending injuries: a fatal skull fracture, a raptured temporal artery and general brain injuries caused by a loose wheel and suspension striking his head. By the time Watkins and his team got to him, he had already lost 4.5 litres of blood.

It was also later revealed that the medical team found an Austrian flag at the bottom of Senna’s feet. He had planned to wave it in homage to Ratzenberger at the end of the race.

The impact of this weekend can not be overstated. Two driver deaths and multiple accidents after over a decade of no fatalities were monumental. On top of that, Senna was the undisputed star of Formula One, having risen to the top after his just as famous rivalry with Alain Prost. He was given a state funeral in São Paulo with an estimated attendance of 500.000 people, including basically every Formula One driver and official (though a few decided to go to Ratzenberger's funeral instead, which was held two days later in Austria). The FIA was basically ripped to shreds by the media, including headlines like “Slaughter at Imola” and “They have killed Senna”.

Aftermath

The GPDA announced their official reforming at the next race in Monaco two weeks later, with Michael Schumacher, Gerhard Berger, Niki Lauda and Martin Brundle as chairs. At the same time, FIA pres

When Formula 1 was started back in 1950 there were essentially two rules: your engine needed to be naturally aspirated and under 2,5 litres in size. The safety equipment boiled down to the gentle suggestion of a leather helmet and whatever wild courage you could scrape together on the day. No seat belts, though.

In 2020 the mountains of safety regulations and improvement ensured the survival of French driver Romain Grosjean in a crash that many thought would cost the driver his life. Even though his car was ripped in two, his head got pushed through a barrier and the whole thing went up in flames, he survived with basically only burns on his hands. He started driving again less than a year later.

How did we get from A to B? A lot of dead drivers, one Flying Scot, a very persistent Professor of Neurology and a 7-kilo piece of titanium, but let’s untangle it.

But first off, a warning: I will be discussing quite graphic deaths and accidents, though not in detail. You should proceed with caution, depending on your comfort level. Any linked crashes are not shown to be exploitative, but to show the frankly quite horrid happenings in the history of the sport and also to contrast it with the safety standards we see nowadays.

And a major, major thank you to /u/trailrunninggirl for proofreading this post and giving some super helpful suggestions!!

What exactly is Formula 1?

Formula 1 is the highest level of single-seater car racing worldwide. Sanctioned by the Fédération International de l’Automobile (FIA), currently owned and run by Liberty Media, the sport hosts however many teams want to try their hand at building the best racing car in the world. It’s an engineering competition as much as a driving competition, with the teams constantly trying to figure out new wacky ways to make the cars drive better or quicker. A season is organized into a number of “Grand Prix” events, three-day spectacles that usually feature free practises, qualifying and a race that lasts about 1 and a half hours. A team features two drivers, with all of them competing for both the driver's and the constructors' championships.

Names you might know are Ferrari, Mercedes, McLaren and Williams on the team side and Michael Schumacher, Lewis Hamilton, Ayrton Senna or Fernando Alonso (previous

> I want 2022 to be the best year of my life....

Obviously everyone wants this every year, but most people (myself included) go into the year with vague intentions and no concrete plan, which is why they fall short of what they ideally want.

Objectively 2021 was pretty good for me, I started a YouTube channel, started a new job and improved various other areas of my life, but I realised that there was lots of room for improvement.

> You can find a video on my YouTube channel for more detail and examples

#Why plan in this way?

I realised there were lots of things I either forgot about, gave up on, or had no idea how to achieve.

This is why on NYE of last year, 2021 I spent the whole day planning.

> 9 to 5 of planning my life and year, all of the goals habits and systems, that I need to implement in 2022.

Now it might seem a bit excessive to spend a whole day planning, but life can be really chaotic and messy, and without a clear direction and systematic approach to life design, you will have trouble achieving all of the things you want.

I am really happy with the results of my planning because it:

• Gave me a clear direction and motivation to achieve goals
• Gave me something to be accountable to (rather than the classic "yeah this is probably good enough")
• Reduced my worry by providing clear goal posts (I know long as I am on track)

The process

In this post, I am going to give you the exact process I used so that you can also plan your year.

This planning process aims to address 5 main questions:

• What do I want from this year?
• What do I need to do to get these things?
• What do I need to not do to get these things?
• What individual things do I need to do this year?
• What mindsets will help me achieve these things?

Because you have this guide (and I didn't) this shouldn't take you the whole day, but it should take you a few hours if you do it properly so don't feel the need to do it all at once.

Why I like this method of planning is:

• It is built on first principles
• it is relatively exhaustive
• It is easily extensible
• It fits any level of granularity

Keep in mind the results of this planning aren't set in stone, and should be adjusted depending on how hard or easy to implement your plan ends up being.

Create life categories

The first step is to create 6-8 categories that you can divide your life into. The aim here is to account for almost all the important things in your life,

Do your worst!

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

I absolutely loved this game. I don't know how much my significantly lowered expectations or the fact that I got it for a mere $4 during the recent Steam holiday sale play into it, but I absolutely adored this title. It may just be the post-game glow, but this game did a lot of things right in my experience. So much so that I'd place is among Dragon Age - Origins and Mass Effect 2 as my favorite BioWare RPGs. I even enjoyed it more than I did Witcher 3, somehow, and I loved that game. I just don't recall feeling this enamored with it when all was said and done (I still haven't had a chance to play through the expansions though). Those are some big shoes to fill, so let me get into it...

###[WARNING: LONG POST]

Firstly, full disclosure: I'm a somewhat sensitive person who can be swayed through more aesthetic, less concrete things. Good to be aware of that, I guess, but I often find myself liking things that many others did not because it happened to strike a particular nerve within me. It's sometimes hard to place exactly what a piece of media touched, but it often manifests in me preferring games like Dragon Age 2 over ones like Dragon Age Inquisition despite all of it's technical shortcomings in comparison.

I say this because I know Andromeda probably won't hit the same notes with some people, and that's totally fine. Things as seemingly simple as stirring music, beautiful vistas, compelling themes, etc., can seduce me to fall in love with a game, and Andromeda was not exception in these categories. And of course, the characters, Mass Effect — and BioWare games in general — are built foremost on characters, and Andromeda was certainly no slouch in this respect. From the grandpa-krogan Drack to the mysterious yet open book Jaal, Andromeda had loads of well written, well developed characters. I'm not going to pretend that the writing was perfect, but again, it struck a chord with me. Take what you will from that.

Most of this will probably end up focusing on the characters though, so I'll set aside that discussion for later. One last acknowledgement: I really appreciated the sense of novelty and exploration this game had to offer. I'm one of those people who legitimately enjoys just roaming the procedurally generated planets of No Man's Sky and scanning things, and this game has shades of that experience as well. It's a lot more directed, obviously, but it manages to toe the line pretty well between large, unexplored open worlds and a

A recap no one asked for: the podcasts I've discovered this year, as much as I can remember. I already had a long list of regulars, but these are the new ones. I work by myself and have no one else to talk about all the hours of crime I listen to, so lets be friends. I'll divide between 3 categories.

One case per episode:

-Dark downeast New England true crime. I really liked this one in the beginning, love her voice,love the editing. But, at some point she started featuring interviews with family members of the victims more heavily, and I know it's important for them to be heard, more even because she only covers unsolved crimes, but last time I listened there were 4 or 5 clips of a mom crying in a 30 min. episode, and I.. yeah, no. I don't know how to explain it but I think it hinders the purpose.
-DNA: ID. Best find of 2021 for me. It's all about cases solved using genetic genealogy. The host is the only one I know that for each episode speaks with police, investigators, etc, of each case; I can'timagine how much work is all that. Made a post about it before, so won't say no more.
-Going West. Started listening earlier this year, and was a normal podcast, I like the format and their style (the hosts are husband and wife), but they had a sort of blow up after they covered the Gabby Petito case in real time, and they changed a bit after that. They do more cases but in shorter episodes. They're still ok.
-Women & crime. The hosts are both criminologists, they're no nonsense. They cover lesser known cases, and they both teach in college, so when it comes to explain stuff they do it in an educational and concrete way. Plus at the end of the episodes they give a more personal, in depth analysis of their own. Downside for me is they go really fast, literally they both speak fast, and figuratively I wish they'd develope more the story.

Long form investigation, one case per season:

-Billionaire Boys club. Conman turned into murderer, don't really remember it, but it's kind of formulaic story telling from Wondery.
-Boys like me. Very short series about the van attack massacre perpetrated by a self-proclamed incel in Canada. Interesting takes from people who knew him from the autistic community of which he was a part of when younger.
-Final days on earth. Oof. You can tell the host put so much work, investigated meticulously, and it is really really invested i

They’re on standbi

Ryan Kavanaugh & Tom Clare: Scary Motherfackas. In defamation by implication cases, a plaintiff does not need to prove the literal statements at issue are false. The statements may be facially true, but if they were designed and intended by the speaker to imply a defamatory meaning, and if that defamatory meaning is how the statements were understood by others, liability may arise.

If the statements in question are true, they won’t be considered defamatory nearly all of the time. (Every so often an individual wins a slander or libel case even if the defendant reported the truth. Plus, plaintiffs can use other torts similar to defamation.)

The plaintiff must show that the statements under review led directly to some material harm, such as lost wages, lost job – anything quantifiable. In some jurisdictions, plaintiffs don’t have to show harm when accused of: a crime; having a loathsome disease; not being able to conduct business ethically or materially; sexual misconduct.

The legal premise of “actual malice” plays a prominent role in U.S. defamation law. It’s when a person knowingly publishes a lie or offending statement with reckless disregard for the truth. It applies in cases where the plaintiff is a public figure.

When it comes to defamation by implication, the duality of insinuation creates a legal dilemma. After all, implications “have two possible meanings, one that is defamatory and one that is not,” (American Jurisprudence 2d Libel and Slander §158). Moreover, legal precedence demands that the innocent connotation of an implied statement must be accepted as the speaker’s intent.

United States defamation law differentiates between public and private figures. If a public figure files a slander or libel lawsuit, he or she must prove actual malice; a private citizen does not. In simple terms, actual malice is present when the plaintiff can prove that the defendant knowingly printed a lie, had serious doubts about the validity of the information but publicized it anyway, or acted with reckless disregard for the truth (shoddy due diligence).

In actual malice cases, the plaintiff must prove the defendant knowingly made questionable information public. So, what happens in a defamation by insinuation suit? After all, by definition, a public figure plaintiff must prove the defendant intended to convey the insidious meaning, as opposed to the innocent meaning, of the doubly connoted statement.

Since 2 meanings are possible, the plaintiff must c

Each week I'll be picking a random ASX stock that I've (personally, yes I'm aware it may have been covered at some point in history) rarely seen discussed online - and that I do NOT hold - that you voted for, for us to dive into for some "DD".

This is for us to have a look at what it does, comb over their financials, and in the end discuss whether or not we'd buy into it. Not all of these stocks may be sexy or appealing; the whole point is to shine a light on what companies are doing out there on the ASX which never get much coverage - for good or bad.

The main purpose being to add some more variety in coverage to the standard blue chips or meme stocks we see pumped day in and day out, and hopefully discover some hidden gems or innovative companies on the Aussie market.

Here's this week's Random Stock of the Week.

Company name: Jupiter Mines Limited

https://preview.redd.it/49pkk826txb81.png?width=1117&format=png&auto=webp&s=806bf1b10de0638822586afd06782cec026e9097

Ticker: JMS

Industry: Mining

Headquarters: Perth, WA

Market cap: $450m

Current share price: $0.23

P/E ratio: ~7

1-year Performance: -21.20%

What they do, smoothbrain version: force poor South Africans to mine iron ore's ugly cousin out of the ground in order to pay the fatcat board and shareholders phat dividends

What they say they do, wanky version: "Jupiter is an Australian registered public company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ("ASX") which has as its main asset a 49.9% beneficial interest in Tshipi é Ntle, an independently operated and managed, black empowered manganese mining company." 🍆👋

What they do, actual version: Jupiter Mines Limited (JMS) are a Perth-based Australian mining company whose main asset is their ownership stake in the South African Tshipi manganese mine.

Located in the Kalahari in the Northern Cape region of South Africa, the mine is the 3rd-largest of its kind in the world. It's an open-pit mine with a shallow resource, making for a relatively low-cost mining operation with an easily accessible mineral product as its focus: manganese.

Manganese ore is primarily used in the production of carbon steel in order to increase its strength and flexibility; the ore is reduced in a blast furnace to create ferromanganese, which is then used for making steel itself.

[JMS’ MANGANESE MINE IS THE 3RD-LARGEST OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD](https://preview.redd.it/q2ldueo9txb81.jpg?wi

Pilot on me!!

Nothing, he was gladiator.

BamBOO!

Beholder :

A beholder constantly fears for its safety, is wary of any creature that isn’t one of its minions, and is aggressive in dealing with perceived threats. It might react favorably toward creatures that humble themselves before it and present themselves as inferiors, but is easily provoked to attack creatures that brag about their accomplishments or claim to be mighty. Such creatures are seen as threats or fools, and are dealt with mercilessly. Each beholder thinks it is the epitome of its race, and therefore all other beholders are inferior to it — even though, at the same time, it considers other beholders to be its greatest rivals. A beholder might be willing to cooperate with adventurers who have news about another beholder’s lair or activities, and might be nonhostile toward adventurers who praise it for being a perfect example of a beholder.

Giants :

Fire giants on many occasions have ransomed captives back to their families or communities, once the giants determined that a slave had no particular talent they needed and others were willing to pay for its return. Affluent prisoners such as merchants and aristocrats are the most likely to win this sort of reprieve, for obvious reasons. The ransom demanded rarely involves baubles such as gold or gems: fire giants prefer payment in mithral, adamantine, or different slaves (ones with more useful talents or stronger backs).

Gnolls :

Gnolls have little variation in personality and outlook. They are collectively an elemental force, driven by a demon lord to spread death and destruction. The only real opportunity for interaction with gnolls is provided by the cultists that sometimes accompany a war band. This humanoid rabble might have information the characters need or could even be former friends corrupted to the worship of Yeenoghu. To portray a gnoll that is more intelligent or social than the usual, you can give it characteristics similar to Yeenoghu cultists.

Kobolds :

A kobold acknowledges its weakness in the face of a hostile world. It knows it is puny, bigger creatures will exploit it, it will probably die at a young age, and its life will be full of toil. Although this outlook seems bleak, a kobold finds satisfaction in its work, the survival of its tribe, and the knowledge that it shares a heritage with the mightiest of dragons. A kobold isn’t clever, but it isn’t as stupid as an orc. Someone can fool a kobold with smooth words or a quick wit, but when the kobold figures out it has

When Formula 1 was started back in 1950 there were essentially two rules: your engine needed to be naturally aspirated and under 2,5 litres in size. The safety equipment boiled down to the gentle suggestion of a leather helmet and whatever wild courage you could scrape together on the day. No seat belts, though.

In 2020 the mountains of safety regulations and improvement ensured the survival of French driver Romain Grosjean in a crash that many thought would cost the driver his life. Even though his car was ripped in two, his head got pushed through a barrier and the whole thing went up in flames, he survived with his mos severe injury being severe burns on his hands. He started driving again less than a year later.

How did we get from A to B? A lot of dead drivers, one Flying Scot, a very persistent Professor of Neurosurgery and a 7-kilo piece of titanium, but let’s untangle it.

If this entire thing seems familiar to some of you, it was posted over on /r/HobbyDrama two weeks ago and is now reposted here in a shiny updated, corrected and aimed at F1 fans version with an okay from the mods and the encouragement from some folks from over there.

But for this audience it might need another disclaimer: this is by no means an all-encompassing write-up on safety in Formula One, it’s more aimed at summarizing the basic developments and highlighting the progress made. So if y’all have more facts and figures, please drop them in the comments! Also, some quotes might seem familiar if you’ve seen The Killer Years, I’ll be posting a full list of sources in a comment tomorrow.

‘Everything goes’

Formula 1 developed out of the European Championship of Grand Prix motorsport racing in the 1920s and 1930s and started pretty much directly after the war ended, with the first races in 1947 and the first full World Championship taking place in 1950. It was quite the hodgepodge operation with no real understanding of the dangers of motorsport, and it showed.

If you had a barrier, it consisted of straw bales haphazardly placed at the side of the road. Drivers and constructors could ent

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.