These bacteria use iodine oxyanions to breathe instead of oxygen. We identified the genes involved, and their distribution in meta genomes globally.
Our group just published a preprint on this emerging metabolism:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424624v1.full
Thoughts and feedback are greatly appreciated.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110612417
Electronic ISBN: 9783110612417
Hardcover ISBN: 9783110666779
Large brains require relatively massive calorie intake; is there enough energy gradient in anaerobic environments to support brains with the number of connections and nerves as humans?
Edit: took out the speculative half in favor of reducing answers that ignore the science part of my question.
Please avoid "we don't know what we don't know so it's possible" answers. I'd prefer answers based on what we do know about chemistry and sentience: energy levels required for ion exchange signaling, expectation of how many connections a "brain" need to push it past mere existence and into rationalization abilities.
Inb4 we know that we don't know what we don't know.
Title pretty much sums it up. Which type of exercise changes metabolism the most: aerobic or anaerobic?
When I had my right heart cath, there was also a portion where I exercised for 5 minutes. They took blood samples at rest and during the exercise portion. At rest my venous blood gases were normal, but during exercise they were not.
During exercise, my lactate increased from 0.8 to 3.9, my pH dropped from 7.32 to 7.22, my O2 increased from 70% to 75%, and my CO2 increased from 50 to 59. Doctors don't know why I seem to be using anaerobic metabolism to fuel the exercise. The resulting acidosis would explain some, though not all, of my symptoms, but without knowing why it's happening, it's just interesting data.
Just thought I'd share.
For me it was introducing core workouts to my schedule. While training for my first solo trail race, I took Hale Koerner's advice, from his book, to work on my core as part of preparing. Within a few weeks I noticed greater stability and faster speeds in the trails especially the technical ones. It was a relatively small change that felt really good and had tangible results.
Hello, I understand that lactate can be elevated for few hours following tonic clonic seizures due to anaerobic respiration, but after the lactate has normalised is it normal to see a metabolic acidosis?, any idea how long for? and do we need to do anything for this? should we keep patients in until ph has normalised? thanks.
Generally, muscle is built via anaerobic exercise and fat is lost/shrunk via aerobic exercise. Muscle and fat are two different types of tissue, and in no way can one transform into the other. When an in-shape person gets out of shape they lose muscle and gain fat, and vice versa.
Muscle also burns more calories than the equivalent amount of fat, so adding muscle raises the body's basal metabolic rate--which can provide mild assistance with weight loss (i.e. burning off fat).
Disclaimer: not a licensed nutritionist/trainer.
The major contributing factors to the diversity and complexity of life found on Earth is due to the role played by oxygenic photosynthesis and subsequently, aerobic respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, organisms are subject to several restrictions which limit potential growth and the wide scale development of biotas founded on this method of metabolism. Anaerobic sources of energy are often reliant on spatially limited resources such as elemental compounds like metals or thermodynamically unfavourable ions and compounds, or molecules with limited availability such as hydrogen. In addition, anaerobic respiration has a lower reduction potential and energy density compared to aerobic respiration, particularly of carbohydrates and lipids. Anoxygenic photosynthesis faces similar limitations, with a limited supply of electron donor molecules preventing widespread development and accumulation of thermodynamically unfavourable molecules for use in respiration. Oxygenic photosynthesis addresses these problems, allowing for almost limitless scalability of available biomass, and a major shift in most environments of the limiting reactant. Oxygenic photosynthesis is most crucially based around the photolysis of water, producing hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen. Oxygen is one of the most powerful oxidizing agents, with one of the highest electronegativity and electron affinity, making it highly energetic. Through the development of aerobic respiration, organisms could not only exploit a far more energetic source of energy, but also remove the former spatial limitations, as the oxygen would be present in high enough concentrations almost uniformly throughout aqueous and terrestrial environments, particularly following the Great Oxygenation Event, and the large-scale accumulation of oxygen. It is therefore not an overstatement to say that the development of oxygenic photosynthesis was a necessity for allowing life to escape the limitations imposed by metabolite abundance, introducing new pathways for life to exploit and new pressures which would select for more diverse and complex life strategies.
Despite the importance of oxygenic photosynthesis, it does present an interesting question regarding life outside of our own - the question of if alternatives to oxygenic photosynthesis could exist, and what form these may take. The photolysis of water is one of the most impressive and difficult reactions performed by life on Earth, representing perhaps the limit of
... keep reading on reddit β‘TL;DR: I trained with TrainAsOne, I got better quickly, I enjoyed it quite a lot and would highly recommend it.
I initially wanted to write this review for my first full marathon (Frankfurt, Germany) happening on halloween, but it was cancelled, so I chose to write it for my second proper half-marathon. When I started running in August'20 I quickly decided that I wanted to use a training plan to run a half-marathon. I started with using the MapMyRun dynamic training plan, which I reviewed here. Generally speaking I find the idea of a training plan that adopts to your personal performance very appealing as I don't have any experience in taking care of myself. As I already knew MapMyRun I started preparation for the marathon with MapMyRun but I didn't feel like I made any progress, it was just too generic for me. So I looked around and stumbled upon TrainAsOne and started using it in June.
How does TrainAsOne (TAO) work in general?
In TrainAsOne you can set your goal which could be a race, or just a distance, or even a c25k program. What is really nice is that it could also be multiple races over a year with different priorities. TAO will then generate a plan for your goals and inbetween workouts it will schedule a few assesments:
Perceived effort assesment
In this assesment you simply run at your "very easy", and then your "easy" pace for a certain period of time. This test calculates your "conversational" pace and vRE (explained as: Velocity of running economy. Put simply Running Economy is the energy expenditure to run at a given aerobic (sub-maximal) pace).
6 minute assesment
This assesments consists of a warm up for up to 30 minutes (depending on your past performance at least for me), 2 minute rest interval and then a 6 minute all-out effort. After that you get a 1 minute recovery with a cool-down that is about the same length as your warm-up.
The 6 minute all out effort is also called a demi-cooper test and roughly related to the 12-minute cooper-test that was also required by the MapMyRun training plan. The demi-cooper test allows the calculation of vVO2Max (explained as: Velocity of VO2max - Minimum running velocity at which VO2max is reached. VO2max being the maximum rate of oxygen uptake, at which point anaerobic metabolism is working flat-out. It is an intense running pace which can be maintained for only about six to eight min
... keep reading on reddit β‘I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.
Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.
Hello and welcome to our September newsletter,
Preparation for a sport is doing hard work. It can be physically hard, it can be hard to schedule, and it can be emotionally hard to work on things youβd rather not, but it all ends up hard at some point. The trap is divergence. The trap is when we convince ourselves that more of the stuff weβre good at is the solution. That doing five laps on a wired route is more useful than spending time building much needed shoulder stability. The trap is when we dive too deep into looking for optimal solutions rather than putting our heads down and doing the work.
Iβve written before about our focus on the βlastβ 10% of performance that is so interesting and sexy. Things like quasi-isometrics, nutrient timing, supplementation, wearing two different shoes, and the like. This is interesting stuff, and seems so much more specific to performance than going to bed by 10, drinking 3 liters of water a day, eating vegetables, and getting enough protein. Doing the Moonboard benchmarks is super entertaining, but for most of us, just bouldering, at all, a couple of days a week, for most of the year, is the big key.
The study of the sport is not the sport.
Learning about how hypertrophy works (to this day no one really knows what causes our muscles to grow) is interesting, but it doesnβt make them grow. Sorting out the science on aerobic versus anaerobic capacity and power can be confusing and exciting all at the same time, but it doesnβt change the fact that you do still need to go to the gym and train. We donβt really need to know how it works to make it work for us.
This brings us to the βblack box.β As much as it is useful to try and understand what happens in the body when we are training, itβs academic. As long as we know what to do in training (input for the black box), we can expect a result on the back end (output from the black box).
Iβm not saying that trying to understand the processes is a waste of time, Iβm just saying that worrying too much about understanding before acting is probably taking away from some valuable training time. We donβt need to understand metabolism in order to eat. We donβt need to know the details of aerobic adaptations in order to know how to improve them. We donβt need to know how our phones process and store information in order to use them.
Most of the time, we just need to work.
Last month, we gathered all of the Climb Strong coaching team for a weekend of education and c
... keep reading on reddit β‘Do your worst!
Looking for inspiration on what to eat while performing Crossfit style workouts. I need fuel but want to eat clean/healthy!
