I hope this isn't too vague for this sub. I recently came into possession of some bog wood and I am told it came from a tree that was dated to about 4000 BC in the Upper Rhine Valley in southern Germany.

I am curious if there was anything going on specifically in this region worth note. I know there was a lot happening in the Middle East, and its suspected that horses may have first been domesticated in Europe, but was wondering if there might be anything else of note. Just curious what this tree might have "seen" in it's day, lol.

EDIT: I did look on Wikipedia but it's all pretty vague so before launching myself headlong into a lot of stuff I know nothing about, I thought to just ask the experts first.

I thought it would be fun to take a look at games that are highly rated on BGG, but also have a high turnover rate. For this experiment, I defined turnover rate as "previously owned" divided by "owned". The dataset includes games with a BGG rank of 3000 or better and a average rating of 7 or more. I removed all of the Exit and Unlock games, since they generally get played once and then passed on. I haven't looked over the list in detail yet, but some trends jump out immediately. Games with multiple or deluxe editions get turned over more frequently (Rococo, London, Glen More). A few Vital Lacerda games also made the list. Some of them are older editions, but some of this may be people discovering that they're too complex. There are also a number of titles on the list that are out-of-print, which could just be people taking advantage of the demand. Then there are the polarizing games. Ones that you're either going to love or hate. Chicago Express is probably the first train game for a lot of people.

Are there any games on this list that you're surprised to see? Are there any that you expected (and why?)

 

Series Intro: (I am getting increasingly worried about the amount of warning signals that are flashing red for hyperinflation- I believe the process has already begun, as I will lay out in this paper. The first stages of hyperinflation begin slowly, and as this is an exponential process, most people will not grasp the true extent of it until it is too late. I know I’m going to gloss over a lot of stuff going over this, sorry about this but I need to fit it all into four posts without giving everyone a 400 page treatise on macro-economics to read. Counter-DDs and opinions welcome. This is going to be a lot longer than a normal DD, but I promise the pay-off is worth it, knowing the history is key to understanding where we are today.)

This is a continuation of Part 4.0- If you haven't already, PLEASE go back and read the prior sections before continuing.

I want to caveat the below by stating that I do not think a potential hyperinflation in the U.S. would look the exact same as Weimar Germany. We have had 100 years of technological and social advancement, and thus it would manifest very differently today. The 1920’s German hyperinflation is a worst-case scenario, but it is vital to understand the history to analyze the similar situation which our nation faces.

Hyperinflation Begins

As 1921 dragged on, the fiscal situation continued to worsen. The German Government faced an impossible situation: they could either choose to hike taxes to over double their current rates (which were already high due to tax hikes authorized during wartime), which would most certainly cause a political revolution in Germany and potential default; or they could continue to print their deficits, and hope that the Allies wouldn’t seize German assets or that the rising cost of living would cause food shortages and riots. They continued down the path of money printing, unaware that they were steering their country ever more rapidly into the abyss.

In March 1921, France occupied German ports, due to increasing frustration on the side of the Allies of the Germans’ inability to pay. The Rhine ports of Duisburg, Ruhrort, and Dusseld

The Black Forest (Schwarzwald), or BF from here on. What counts as BF can be quite varied, in some cases down to the Rhine, I am just dealing with the hilly wooded region.

This is an update of an older post - it is still worth a look if only for the list of places of interest. This post is meant to be more opinions and useful tips rather than an info dump/comprehensive guide (I haven’t visited enough of it for that).

I have spent quite a bit of time in the BF due to family links (some of it solo (especially by bike), some of it not, though I don't think my experience varied at all), but my experience only really around the southern Hoch Schwarzwald and just goes as far north as the Titisee. Anything north of there I just know from my research, though general points should still apply. I will get around to visiting the other two thirds one day; maybe some solo bikepacking in 2022.

--- Resources ---

• Main tourist website: https://www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info/

• tour planner letting you plan hikes/rides or find suggestions: https://www.touren-schwarzwald.info/en/

• Tourist website for the national park area: https://www.nationalpark-schwarzwald.de/en

• Tourist website for the High (Hoch) southern part of the BF: https://www.hochschwarzwald.de/ . This region also provides a guest card

• The English Wikivoyage page has some content, but if you can read German or just apply a translation app then the German Wikivoyage page is much more detailed.

• https://www.black-forest-travel.com/ has some good suggestions if you dig around a bit, e.g. there are some lesser known spots in pages like Landscape.

• https://www.veranstaltungen-schwarzwald.de/ lists events and festivals in the BF, but only in German it seems.

• Imgur album of images used in this post, plus some nice scenic examples from my travels there.

--- Anglo expectations ---

English speakers seem to really romanticise the BF. To quote one perplexed German on trip advisor:

> *“The fixation with foreign tourists and foreign tourist information pages, guide books and so on with the Black Forest is simply bizarre. It is a bl

#An Overview of the European Grain Trade

Grain is produced in several key regions across Europe and the Mediterranean.

• Egypt
• Po Valley
• Carpathian Basin
• Lower Danube
• Rhine Valley
• Upper Burgundy
• Northern France
• Vistula Region
• Bohemian Basin
• Elbe-Pomerania Region

Other, smaller grain growing regions do exist, but do not produce grain in such quantity as to be major exporters on the global market.

##Egypt

The Nile basin is the single largest producer of grain in this period – it has done so for nearly 2000 years by this point. The fertile flooding of the valley means that grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, grow extremely plentifully. Grain from Egypt is shipped to the Ottoman Empire, Italy, Spain, and southern France. From these regions, the grain is further exported as far away as Scotland.

##Po Valley

The Po River flows from the Alps, carving a fertile valley through northern Italy where it outputs into the Adriatic Sea. Carrying nutrients and minerals from the mountains, the plains of the Po Valley have been heavily exploited by the Italian population since the region fell under Roman control. The Po River produces grains in decent quantity. Most of this grain would normally be used to supplement grain imports, as well as sell grain on to Germany and Southern France. Due to the wars in the region, grain production has plummeted, and the region is heavily dependent on food imports from Carpathia and Egypt.

##Carpathian Basin

The Carpathian Basin is a region surrounded by the Carpathian mountains, and is largely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Formed by an ancient seabed, the soil in the region is rich with minerals, and the Danube carving a path from the alpine regions of Southern Germany and Austria through the basin provides ample resources for grain to grow – and a convenient way to transport said grain. Along the Danube, grain grows in great quantities. Branching from the Danube are a series of tributaries and rivulets that make for natural irrigation ditches. Although the productive capacity of the region is great, the region is not heavily exploited for the grain industry, due to a fractitious nobility preventing unified production of grain in the region. Small walled estates ruled by petty nobles produce grain with the help of serfs on the land, but outside of these estates, much of the Basin is still wild land, crawling with bandits, marauding Szekely nomads, and the occasional Turkish raiding party.

##Lower Danube

F

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Skadi the Corrupting Heart, henceforth known as Skalter, has arrived on global to take her place among the very best operators in the game. But despite her strength she's easy to underestimate; she doesn't scream "broken" like SilverAsh or Surtr do, so you have to either use her yourself or take a closer look at how her numbers affect the game. And while getting good results from her is very simple (place s2 Skalter, place operators in her range, done), you can get even better results by understanding who benefits the most from her. While normally I would wait until I've finished mastering my Skalter, she's a limited operator so I want to make sure people have time to read the guide and think about her while she's still available to pull.

Basic Information

Skalter is a 6* Bard Supporter, acting as a pure healer+buffer. But unlike most units focusing on those roles, her sheer strength and versatility makes her one of the most powerful units in the game, and with her ease of use there's little reason not to bring her to every stage you possibly can.

Alternate Operator Rules

Skalter is what the game refers to as an "Alternate Operator", more popularly known as an "alter". Alters are units derived from some other operator, with Skadi the Corrupting Heart being derived from Skadi (the 6* Guard). An alter cannot be in the same squad as their original, nor can an alter be active in the base as the same time as the original. Alters use the same Trust % as the original, but otherwise share no stats nor investment. You don't need to own the original to use the alter.

Trait: Does not attack, continuously heal all allies in range, unaffected by [Inspire] effects

Skalter does not attack, not even in the sense that Medics do when healing. Skalter heals via applying passive regen equal to 10% of her Attack/second. As this is passive regen it works even on unhealables like Mudrock and summons. Plus this is true AoE like the entirety of her kit, so no matter how many allies are in range all will receive the full benefit. [Inspire] effects are the buffs applied by Bard Supporters, meaning Skalter and Sora cannot buff themselves or each other.

"Offensive" Stats

Skalter's Attack is still relevant because her healing and Attack buffs both scale off it it; at e2 30 with no skills active she will have

PART 2: THE LONG AND TUMULTUOUS SHARED HISTORY OF ROMANCE AND GERMANIC NATIONS

This is Part 2-D-ζ, the direct continuation of 2-D-ε, which you can find here: https://www.reddit.com/r/AttackOnRetards/comments/rg7hri/continuation_of_my_previous_posts_about_the/

2-D: THE OTHER ROMANCE AND GERMANIC NATIONS IN THE MIDDLE AGES

2-D-ζ: ROMAN AND MEDIEVAL SWITZERLAND

ROMAN ERA (read more here)

In 58 BCE, the Helvetii tried to evade migratory pressure from Germanic tribes by moving into Gaul, but were stopped and defeated at Bibracte (near modern-day Autun) by Julius Caesar's armies and then sent back. In 15 BCE, Tiberius and Drusus conquered the Alps, and the region became integrated into the Roman Empire: the Helvetii settlement area became part first of Gallia Belgica and later of the province of Germania Superior, while the eastern part was integrated into the Roman province of Raetia.

https://preview.redd.it/cl5fujwizh681.jpg?width=2000&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=5d7f9db06898912407765b6437e634dae138f77c

The following 300 years saw extensive Roman settlement, including the construction of a road network and the founding of many settlements and cities. The center of Roman occupation was at Aventicum (Avenches), other cities were founded at Arbor Felix (Arbon), Augusta Raurica (Kaiseraugst near Basel), Basilea (Basel), Curia (Chur), Genava (Genève), Lousanna (Lausanne), Octodurum (Martigny, controlling the pass of

https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/belgiums-umicore-plans-battery-material-venture-supply-volkswagen-2021-12-08/

• VW strikes agreements with Umicore, Vulcan, 24M
• VW-Umicore JV to supply cathode materials
• Vulcan to supply lithium from 2026
• Volkswagen to spend up to $34 bln on batteries, materials

"We are very pleased to become a long-term partner for Volkswagen in achieving its ambitious e-mobility strategy in Europe and in bringing our long-standing and proven expertise in rechargeable battery materials to this unique joint venture," Umicore CEO Mathias Miedreich said.

Volkswagen also struck an agreement with lithium developer Vulcan Energy Resources (VUL.AX) for lithium extracted from Germany's Upper Rhine Valley region by means of geothermal energy. read more

The agreement has an initial term of five years with commercial delivery to start in 2026, Volkswagen and Vulcan said, without providing contract details.

In a bid to develop improved production technology for its planned cell plants, Volkswagen is also investing in battery start-up 24M, a spin-off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, aiming to scale up 24M's semi-solid process.

https://techcrunch.com/2021/12/08/volkswagen-closes-three-new-partnerships-to-amp-up-ev-production/

Volkswagen has entered into three new partnerships related to electric vehicle batteries, as the German automaker looks to transition its entire portfolio of cars, trucks and SUVs to zero-emission vehicles by 2040.

https://preview.redd.it/wifq2zzqzf481.png?width=960&format=png&auto=webp&s=48611c3e60868667a7682170c0222ffed47c1c19

The three separate partnerships, all of which were announced Wednesday, are with materials technology group Umicore, battery specialist 24M Technologies and Vulcan Energy Resources, a company that is planning to open a lithium brine project in Germany.

Volkswagen’s joint venture with Umicore will supply the automaker’s European battery cell factories with cathode materials, a key building block of lithium-ion batteries. The JV will have an initial prod

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

They’re on standbi

Pilot on me!!

Do your worst!