A list of puns related to "Protein precursor"
A ruthenium organometallic complex is transformed into an effective transfer hydrogenation catalyst upon exchanging ligands with a naïve protein. The direct coordination of protein sidechains to the metal is an underutilised feature in artificial metalloenzymes.
Many natural metalloenzymes assemble from proteins and biosynthesised complexes, generating potent catalysts by changing metal coordination. Here we adopt the same strategy to generate artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) using ligand exchange to unmask catalytic activity. By systematically testing RuII(η6‐arene)(bipyridine) complexes designed to facilitate the displacement of functionalised bipyridines, we develop a fast and robust procedure for generating new enzymes via ligand exchange in a protein that has not evolved to bind such a complex. The resulting metal cofactors form peptidic coordination bonds but also retain a non‐biological ligand. Tandem mass spectrometry and 19F NMR spectroscopy were used to characterise the organometallic cofactors and identify the protein‐derived ligands. By introduction of ruthenium cofactors into a 4‐helical bundle, transfer hydrogenation catalysts were generated that displayed a 35‐fold rate increase when compared to the respective small molecule reaction in solution.
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Hi all-
I understand that Amyloid precursor protein is cleaved collectively by alpha, beta, and gamma secretase, and this is what leads to the formation of the neurotoxic beta-amyloid fragment.
However, is it understood why this cleavage occurs? What drives these secretases to cleave APP in the first place?
Super interesting stuff. This would explain why some depressed people crave carbs, its literally because they NEED carbs to boost serotonin levels. The mechanism by which this happens is really interesting and explained below.
Serotonin can't pass thru the BBB so there is no point in a serotonin supplement.
https://genesandnutrition.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12263-009-0148-z
>Even if a dietary component is bioavailable, it may still not reach its active site in the target organ. For example, dietary tryptophan is an essential amino acid and precursor for the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. Serotonin is not able to cross the BBB and centrally acting serotonin must be synthesised inside the central nervous system [25]. Circulating tryptophan is known to have some access through the BBB via the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transporter.
>However, it must compete with other LNAAs for this transporter, and thus the ratio of tryptophan to the other LNAAs in plasma determines its ability to cross the BBB. This ratio can be increased in favour of tryptophan by the co-consumption of a carbohydrate-rich and protein-poor meal [47]. The mechanism is due to the acute carbohydrate ingestion inducing an insulin spike and the subsequent absorption of LNAAs, except for tryptophan, by muscle cells.
>Because there is relatively little tryptophan in dietary protein, as compared to the other LNAAs, the lack of dietary protein at the same time will further push the tryptophan/LNAA ratio in favour of tryptophan. Together, this reduces competition for the LNAA transporter, thus allowing a greater influx of tryptophan through the BBB (see [45] for detailed review).
>Using the example from above, tryptophan entry through the BBB and into the brain can be increased via the co-consumption of a carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor meal. As mentioned, tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin and increasing tryptophan levels in the brain leads to an increased serotonergic tone and an improvement of symptoms in vulnerable subjects under stress [46]. The production of serotonin from tryptophan first requires a hydroxylase step, forming 5-hydroxytryptophan which is then decarboxylated by the enzyme L-amino acid decarboxylase into serotonin [16].
>This biosynthetic pathway is analogous to the synthesis of dopamine from its precursor tyrosine. However, neither dopamine nor serotonin has access through the BBB (either in or out of the brain) [2
... keep reading on reddit ➡I just read a couple research studies that suggest theres a correlation between protein and dopamine.
Curious if taking precursor supplementing l-tyrosine or phenylalanine could increase dopamine levels in people with low dopamine levels, in theory, or are supplements placebo?
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11371
https://ift.tt/3092QYb
A ruthenium organometallic complex is transformed into an effective transfer hydrogenation catalyst upon exchanging ligands with a naïve protein. The direct coordination of protein sidechains to the metal is an underutilised feature in artificial metalloenzymes.
Many natural metalloenzymes assemble from proteins and biosynthesised complexes, generating potent catalysts by changing metal coordination. Here we adopt the same strategy to generate artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) using ligand exchange to unmask catalytic activity. By systematically testing RuII(η6‐arene)(bipyridine) complexes designed to facilitate the displacement of functionalised bipyridines, we develop a fast and robust procedure for generating new enzymes via ligand exchange in a protein that has not evolved to bind such a complex. The resulting metal cofactors form peptidic coordination bonds but also retain a non‐biological ligand. Tandem mass spectrometry and 19F NMR spectroscopy were used to characterise the organometallic cofactors and identify the protein‐derived ligands. By introduction of ruthenium cofactors into a 4‐helical bundle, transfer hydrogenation catalysts were generated that displayed a 35‐fold rate increase when compared to the respective small molecule reaction in solution.
https://ift.tt/3cpJmq8
Many natural metalloenzymes assemble from proteins and biosynthesised complexes, generating potent catalysts by changing metal coordination. Here we adopt the same strategy to generate artificial metalloenzymes using ligand exchange to unmask catalytic activity. By systematically testing Ru(II)(η 6 ‐arene)(bipyridine) complexes designed to facilitate the displacement of functionalised bipyridines, we develop a fast and robust procedure for generating new enzymes via ligand exchange in a protein that has not evolved to bind such a complex. The resulting metal cofactors form peptidic coordination bonds but also retain a non‐biological ligand. Tandem mass spectrometry and 19 F NMR spectroscopy were used to characterise the organometallic cofactors and identify the protein‐derived ligands. By introduction of ruthenium cofactors into a 4‐helical bundle, transfer hydrogenation catalysts were generated that displayed a 35‐fold rate increase when compared to the respective small molecule reaction in solution.
https://ift.tt/3kd9zKF
I just read a couple research studies that suggest theres a correlation between protein and dopamine.
Curious if taking precursor supplementing l-tyrosine or phenylalanine could increase dopamine levels in people with low dopamine levels, in theory, or are supplements placebo?
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