Finally finished with my first year of PhD (Spanish Linguistics)! I recently finished my final paper for semantics (first year is all theoretical and my research interests are in applied). However, I thought the topic was interesting: dialectical variation and pronominal presence in pro-drop heavy languages. I compared the Madrid Spanish conversational data collected in Davidsonβs 1996 article (Madrid rarely employing overt subject pronouns) with Alfarazβs analysis of Caribbean (specifically Dominican) preference for overt expression of subject pronouns. Interesting topic and Alfaraz noted this may be a variation shift in Spanish away from itβs traditional label as a pro-drop language. Curious if anyone has done any reading about pro-dropping in other languages. Hope this was coherent! Brain is still a little fried from finals π
Τ²Υ‘ΦΦ Υ±Υ₯Υ¦
I would like to know if Armenian is a language that can omit the subject or if it is a language like English, French or German that can never omit the subject. Thank you
In languages like English you don't have the other option so you have to use the "I" before verbs in the 1st person singular almost all the time. But what about languages that are pro-drop, is it considered to be arrogant/selfish/snobbish when you insist on the pronoun to be there all the time I am not talking about when the statement could be ambiguous or you want to emphasize it because of the question etc.? I mean when somebody insist on using the "I" (yo,ja,io,...) all the time, is he/she considered to be a snob or arrogant/selfish etc.?
I get why English isn't pro-drop because it doesn't really have much of a verb conjugation system, but doesn't french have verb conjugation similar to Spanish?
Currently a conlang I'm working on features a conjugational pattern that conjugates only to subject gender rather than person. (The pronouns for I and we are gendered grammatically similarly to their 2nd and 3rd person equivalents.) How typical is this, if aiming for a degree of naturalism, and seeing as the language is NPD, should I particularly care that the person is not reflected by conjugation?
English is often referred to as a non-pro-drop language, but in the informal register it's very clearly pro-drop; sentences like "Went to the store" or "Eating cereal, want some?" are perfectly normal in everyday speech. According to Wikipedia, informal German is also pro-drop to a degree.
Are there any languages that really never allow pronouns to be dropped in any context or register?
I've been working on this language for a little while. I haven't been focusing on it but its been slowly progressing. Well respect and gender is a very important part of Eskrito, and that shows in its pronouns. Each pronoun has a different form for the gender of the speaker, the gender of who the pronoun is referring to, and the relationships between speaker and the of who the pronoun is referring to.
Sounded simple enough, instead I got this monstrosity:
Pronouns change based on the speaker's gender, the subject's gender, and the relationship between the speaker and the subject. Eskrito has 28 ways just to say singular you.
*TΓΈ in the superior neuter form is considered vulgar slang. It is mainly used amongst adolescent slave boys attempting to sound cool around each other.
First person plural is the only set of Eskrito pronouns that are the same in all levels of politeness. Instead they change only for gender and clusivity.
Masculine is used when all being talked about are dwarven men, human men or klaari, and feminine when all are dwarven women, human women, or elves. Mixed groups are referred to using neuter.
The pronouns for "you" changes based on the gender of who is speaking, the gender of the person being addressed, and their relationship. The distinctions between the different types of you is incredibly important in Eskrito culture and using the wrong one can result in a serious faux pas. Not even using respectful is safe, as using it is saying that the addressee is higher than you. This could be very embarrassing if who you were speaking to turned out to be a well dressed freedmen and you were of a higher caste. Speakers often avoid using any form of you if they are at all unsure of the dynamic.
Thankfully the plural versions of are mostly formed by adding a plural suffix to the stem. The masculine form is +du the feminine +di and the neuter +do. The respectful terms must be memorized individually.
Third person singular (he, she, singular they) is a bit simpler then second person. Pronouns still account for the status and gender of the subject but not the gender of the speaker.
Similar rules to
... keep reading on reddit β‘
When pro-drop languages drop an argument is it always a pronoun that is implied? What I mean by that is that if a subject and/or object is implied, except 1st and 2nd person, is it always the meaning "he/she/it/they"? Like, let's say pro-drop language A has the word tip which means X drinks Y. Will it always mean something like he/she drinks it, or can it also mean in some languages e.g. he/she drinks something? Or is it unusual cross-linguistically?
Thx in advance
EDIT: I maybe used the wrong term here. With pro-drop I mean any language that subject and object don't have to be expressed if it's clear from context.
Sorry, if this is already answered, I was getting errors searching.
I am a senior developer in NodeJS and Python, with zero game development experience.
I was looking for what my options were for the easiest way to get into 2D game development?
I would love to create a top-down 2D game like Crusader Kings, but what's the easiest way to get started?
There are so many options, it's hard to know. I don't really like C++, but will consider it if it's the best option.
Can everything that is done using GameMaker Language (GML) also be done using Gamemaker Studio's Drag & Drop (DnD) mode?
I'm working on an exam for my Romance Languages class and answering a question about subject pronouns and it got me to thinking; French is the only RL that's not pro-drop, right? Was it ever in the past, maybe before the verb endings in French all merged together? A quick google search didn't really find me anything, so I figured I'd ask here.
I'm by no means a very well educated linguist (just find it insanely interesting and I'm getting a minor in it), so forgive me if it's a stupid/obvious question.
I'm thinking particularly of Russian and French. Both differentiate verbs for person, but, unlike their sister languages (for example, Serbo-Croatian and Spanish respectively) are not pro-drop. I guess in French certain spoken forms no longer display the difference in all instances, but Russian is quite clear.
I was just watching an anime and there was a character who to some of the characters appeared to be a woman, but was later revealed to be a man. Because it was anime, you could see that it was a man dressed in "female" clothing and the voice was a feminine male voice (as opposed to just a female voice), but if it were a manga/novel/etc, I don't think that there would be those clues. Because Japanese omits a lot of information and is pro-drop and often uses the person's name in place of pronouns, how would one go about translating/adding (in the case of pro-drop) pronouns when it is intentionally ambiguous and is intended to be revealed later?
>γγγ΅γγγηΆγγγε©γγγγ
>Misaki saved (his/her) father.
If it were a written format, the character might be introduced as female or wearing female clothing (ie implying female) and the characters might think of the character as female, but when acquaintances of Misaki, who know Misaki's true gender, refer to Misaki, how would they do it in English when gender-specific are pretty much needed (if you don't want to make it obvious that you're going out of your way to hide the true gender). In Japanese (and I'm sure other languages) the characters can speak normally without giving any indication of the (true) gender of the character, but I'm not sure if there are any good ways to do it in English.
Planets colonized by the player only allow for three colonies and can only hold around 30 spice at a time (or 50 if you have a spice storage).
However, if you buy it from a homeworld, then you can get even more colonies and more spice production.
Currently I have three purple spice planets that can hold 100 spice at a time, which also produce it really fast.
The time and patience to do this method is lengthy, but it pays off.
I switch between two languages when I type. I never had this issue before but I recently noticed my computer lagging when it comes to switching languages. I use command+space bar to switch keyboard languages. Before, my keyboard language would switch immediately. Now, even if the language indicated on the top menu bar is changed, the keyboard still types in the previous language. I have to wait about 5 seconds for it to change completely. I was wondering if anyone else is having this issue and if there are any solutions. Itβs quite annoying to switch between languages when your keyboard is lagging.
