DOI: 10.1039/b822081f

PMID: 19458873

URL: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/LC/b822081f#!divAbstract

Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11958

https://ift.tt/37ehpvt

China's 2021 budget allocated $250B in science and technology funding. For 2022, China will increase that funding by another $80B, with $60B of it for a test plant using Chinese lithography machines capable of the 1.5nm node and below.

Even though SMIC will approach parity with TSMC by 2025, the Chinese government believes it is critical to China's electronics industry to lead the world and regain global market share for Chinese companies that was lost to US sanctions from 2019 onwards. More funds will be allocated in FY 2023, and the project has a target completion date of January 2023.

The core technology is steady-state microbunching (SSMB), which uses a type of particle accelerator to create bunched kilowatt pulses of 13.5 nm wavelength light - 4x as powerful as the 250 watt pulses from 2021-era lithography machines using discharge-produced plasma (DPP).

Since SSMB light pulses are more powerful than DPP light pulses, the machine can fab more chips much more quickly than traditional EUV machines, and since SSMB machines do not create tin plasmas, there is less risk of tin residue contaminating the wafer or the insides of the machine, increasing yield and decreasing fab downtime compared to traditional EUV lithography. Additionally, since SSMB can generate bunched soft x-rays (<10nm wavelength), with quadruple and octo-patterning, Chinese lithography plants will be able to fab chips under 1nm node size (and with exotic materials like graphene or new architectures like 3d patterning) once the process is mature (~2024).

SSMB was initially researched by a Sino-German team from 2017 to 2021, and further developed by a Chinese team at Tsinghua University since then. China has placed this technology under strict export controls and the highest levels of operational secrecy, and will withold this technology from foreign semiconductor fab or fab equipment companies for now.

The test plant will be built on an 8-million square-meter site in Beijing's western Mentougou district. In the middle will be the storage ring particle accelerator, with 8 fab lines in spokes leading off it - resembling the rays of the sun. Each of the 8 fab lines will have an initial production capacity

This is meant as a followup to my original $UUUU DD with the hope of providing more context around the industry in general, as well as some of the major global players. We’ll start with a rundown of rare earth elements (REEs) and their uses, before moving on to the current state of play in the REE supply chain as well as future growth prospects.

Meet The REEs

There are seventeen elements considered “rare earths.” They are actually rather abundant in the earth crust, but are rarely found in concentrations that makes mining them economical. REEs can be considered the backbone of technology since they are used it electronics, green energy systems, medical technologies, and defense/space applications. The Japanese call this group “the seeds of technology” and the US Department of Energy has called them “technology metals.”

The REE group consists of the Lanthanides [Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), and Lutetium (Lu)], as well as Scandium (Sc) and Yttrium (Y). They usually appear as gray to silver lustrous metals and are typically soft, malleable, and ductile. They have unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties which make them irreplaceable for our modern technologies. You won't be able to go pull a chunk of REE out of the ground though, it is often intermixed with different types of ore and requires significant processing to isolate and refine before the REE products have utility.

Uses

There are a multitude of important uses for REEs, but the ultimate, most value-added products with the highest growth prospects are permanent magnets. These magnets are used in electric motors and generators, which means they are critical to EVs, robotics, drones, and wind turbines. By themselves REEs can be rather brittle, but when alloyed together they can become very strong without losing any of their important characteristics. For example, a typical permanent magnet for wind turbines requires an alloy of 400lbs of Nd, 60lbs of Dy, and 15-30lbs of Tb/Pr per megawatt. According to a [2017 article](https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/analog/article/21805919/4-things-you-should-know-about-magnets-for-electric-vehi

MMATF and TRCH

https://preview.redd.it/7ny90owm04k61.jpg?width=1170&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=fbbacf1e060572e2eac8aa0f0f8c01120fd6c619

This is my initial research on Metamaterial Technologies, Torchlight Energy and their upcoming reverse merger. I will be updating this tomorrow after speaking with the CEO of META George Palikaras. This may be the longest DD you’ve ever read primarily because it is three DDs in one. The merger is complicated for many reasons, and I am personally thinking of it more as a PIPE/SPAC play- to be clear we are talking about a publicly traded company providing capital and NASDAQ access to another through a merger.

My standard disclaimer -Before you read any further, I want you to understand what I look for in an investment; I invest in companies that are undervalued, possess world changing technology and have a large potential catalyst upcoming, whether it be financial changes, a market inflection point, buy out or pending regulatory approval. For it to make sense to me, the company must provide me with a large near-term upside and continued long-term growth. Basically, I am looking for penny stocks that should not be. Metamaterials and Torchlight Energy both fit these requirements, I am not a financial advisor, I am a mom and a professional firefighter, do your own DD.

I believe that if you find the technology, the money will follow. I have not been this excited about a company since my discovery of Microvision. While they are completely different companies there is some industry and technology overlap. Both are solidly positioned to change our world in this new technological revolution that is just beginning. For reference my old DDs can be found at r/PennyQueen – Penny Queen with assistance from u/Here_Two_Stay

Part 1: META

Upcoming catalysts – merger vote, up-listing to NASDAQ, access to large capital markets and scaled production

Metamaterials Technologies, known as META (MMATF:US MMAT:CAN) is currently trading at $2.66 as of 02.27.2021. After the merger and up-listing to the NASDAQ, I expect META to be trading no lower than $5. With and end of year range of $8-$20 depending on production numbers and new partnerships. Therefore, this is a short term 2x and midterm 3-6x play. (There has been a lot of speculation over META’s co-location at a Canadian incubator facility with TESLA and several cryptic Tweets sent out by Elon Musk. While I see how a partnership b

Phil

Go post NSFW jokes somewhere else. If I can't tell my kids this joke, then it is not a DAD JOKE.

If you feel it's appropriate to share NSFW jokes with your kids, that's on you. But a real, true dad joke should work for anyone's kid.

Mods... If you exist... Please, stop this madness. Rule #6 should simply not allow NSFW or (wtf) NSFL tags. Also, remember that MINORS browse this subreddit too? Why put that in rule #6, then allow NSFW???

Please consider changing rule #6. I love this sub, but the recent influx of NSFW tagged posts that get all the upvotes, just seem wrong when there are good solid DAD jokes being overlooked because of them.

Thank you,

A Dad.

Well, toucan play at that game.

Martin Freeman, and Andy Serkis.

They also play roles in Lord of the Rings.

I guess that makes them the Tolkien white guys.

She said apple-lutely

'Eye-do'

This is my first post pls don't kill me lol.

The people in the comment section is why I love this subreddit!!

Cred once again my sis wants credit lol

I heard parents named their children lance a lot.

First post please don't kill me

Edit: i went to sleep and now my inbox is dead, thank you kind strangers for the awards!

second hand stores!

it's Hans free now..

Old Neeeeiiiiighvy

A buck-an-ear!

I Thank ye kind Matey for the booty! I be truly overwhelmed! Thank you!

Holy cow! Thank you everyone for the upvotes and awards! I wasn’t expecting this!

He should have a good vowel movement. His next diaper change could spell disaster though.

Making it all the way home and realizing that they forgot one of the containers:

Riceless

That was the punchline

Without missing a beat he asks "Daddy, do you know how much room you need to grow Fungi like that?"

I did not know.

So he tells me "as Mushroom as possible!"

So proud.

Feyonce

He was so brave and even tried to encourage us, the family around him, with his last breaths. He kept whispering to us to Be Positive.

He said, “Change the batteries in your hearing aid”.

She was pretty mad when I only picked seven up

So far no one has given me a straight answer.

Hydrocarbons to Carbon Nanotubes - META and Torchlight Merger DD

https://preview.redd.it/9mndj3ffo8k61.jpg?width=1028&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a10bb994f6aeb99d6c2c931587e09d3c8bf338c2

MMATF and TRCH

This is my initial research on Metamaterial Technologies, Torchlight Energy and their upcoming reverse merger. I will be updating this tomorrow after speaking with the CEO of META George Palikaras. This may be the longest DD you’ve ever read primarily because it is three DDs in one. The merger is complicated for many reasons, and I am personally thinking of it more as a PIPE/SPAC play- to be clear we are talking about a publicly traded company providing capital and NASDAQ access to another through a merger.

My standard disclaimer -Before you read any further, I want you to understand what I look for in an investment; I invest in companies that are undervalued, possess world changing technology and have a large potential catalyst upcoming, whether it be financial changes, a market inflection point, buy out or pending regulatory approval. For it to make sense to me, the company must provide me with a large near-term upside and continued long-term growth. Basically, I am looking for penny stocks that should not be. Metamaterials and Torchlight Energy both fit these requirements, I am not a financial advisor, I am a mom and a professional firefighter, do your own DD.

I believe that if you find the technology, the money will follow. I have not been this excited about a company since my discovery of Microvision. While they are completely different companies there is some industry and technology overlap. Both are solidly positioned to change our world in this new technological revolution that is just beginning. For reference my old DDs can be found at my subbreddit – Penny Queen with assistance from u/Here_Two_Stay

Part 1: META

Upcoming catalysts – merger vote, up-listing to NASDAQ, access to large capital markets and scaled production

Metamaterials Technologies, now known as META (MMATF:US MMAT:CAN) is currently trading at $2.66 as of 02.27.2021. After the merger and up-listing to the NASDAQ, I expect META to be trading no lower than $5. With and end of year range of $8-$20 depending on production numbers and new partnerships. Therefore, this is a short term 2x and midterm 3-6x play. (There has been a lot of speculation over META’s co-location at a Canadian incubator facility wit

Hydrocarbons to Carbon Nanotubes - META and Torchlight Merger DD

https://preview.redd.it/fiabpecjxak61.jpg?width=1028&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c8b8e34ba5c2c712c931aa261ae07d31aa6da492

MMATF and TRCH

📷

This is my initial research on Metamaterial Technologies, Torchlight Energy and their upcoming reverse merger. I will be updating this tomorrow after speaking with the CEO of META George Palikaras. This may be the longest DD you’ve ever read primarily because it is three DDs in one. The merger is complicated for many reasons, and I am personally thinking of it more as a PIPE/SPAC play- to be clear we are talking about a publicly traded company providing capital and NASDAQ access to another through a merger.

My standard disclaimer -Before you read any further, I want you to understand what I look for in an investment; I invest in companies that are undervalued, possess world changing technology and have a large potential catalyst upcoming, whether it be financial changes, a market inflection point, buy out or pending regulatory approval. For it to make sense to me, the company must provide me with a large near-term upside and continued long-term growth. Basically, I am looking for penny stocks that should not be. Metamaterials and Torchlight Energy both fit these requirements, I am not a financial advisor, I am a mom and a professional firefighter, do your own DD.

I believe that if you find the technology, the money will follow. I have not been this excited about a company since my discovery of Microvision. While they are completely different companies there is some industry and technology overlap. Both are solidly positioned to change our world in this new technological revolution that is just beginning. For reference my old DDs can be found at r/PennyQueen – Penny Queen with assistance from u/Here_Two_Stay

Part 1: META

Upcoming catalysts – merger vote, up-listing to NASDAQ, access to large capital markets and scaled production

Metamaterials Technologies, known as META (MMATF:US MMAT:CAN) is currently trading at $2.66 as of 02.27.2021. After the merger and up-listing to the NASDAQ, I expect META to be trading no lower than $5. With and end of year range of $8-$20 depending on production numbers and new partnerships. Therefore, this is a short term 2x and midterm 3-6x play. (There has been a lot of speculation over META’s co-location

Hydrocarbons to Carbon Nanotubes - META and Torchlight Merger DD

MMATF and TRCH

https://preview.redd.it/vozvmrb2zak61.jpg?width=1170&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=8cc12a0c20eb94bc346a931d93b603de65a4a4a9

This is my initial research on Metamaterial Technologies, Torchlight Energy and their upcoming reverse merger. I will be updating this tomorrow after speaking with the CEO of META George Palikaras. This may be the longest DD you’ve ever read primarily because it is three DDs in one. The merger is complicated for many reasons, and I am personally thinking of it more as a PIPE/SPAC play- to be clear we are talking about a publicly traded company providing capital and NASDAQ access to another through a merger.

My standard disclaimer -Before you read any further, I want you to understand what I look for in an investment; I invest in companies that are undervalued, possess world changing technology and have a large potential catalyst upcoming, whether it be financial changes, a market inflection point, buy out or pending regulatory approval. For it to make sense to me, the company must provide me with a large near-term upside and continued long-term growth. Basically, I am looking for penny stocks that should not be. Metamaterials and Torchlight Energy both fit these requirements, I am not a financial advisor, I am a mom and a professional firefighter, do your own DD.

I believe that if you find the technology, the money will follow. I have not been this excited about a company since my discovery of Microvision. While they are completely different companies there is some industry and technology overlap. Both are solidly positioned to change our world in this new technological revolution that is just beginning. For reference my old DDs can be found at the sub named after me - PennyQueen

Part 1: META

Upcoming catalysts – merger vote, up-listing to NASDAQ, access to large capital markets and scaled production

Metamaterials Technologies, known as META (MMATF:US MMAT:CAN) is currently trading at $2.66 as of 02.27.2021. After the merger and up-listing to the NASDAQ, I expect META to be trading no lower than $5. With and end of year range of $8-$20 depending on production numbers and new partnerships. Therefore, this is a short term 2x and midterm 3-6x play. (There has been a lot of speculation over META’s co-location at a Canadian incubator facility with TESLA and several cryptic Tweets sen

10+10 is twenty and 11+11 is twenty too

China's 2024 budget has $65B in additional science and technology funding off the $248B base in 2023. For 2024, China will split the $65B among 2 secret projects, the first of which will be 导体经 (Dao Ti Jing), or the Classic of Semiconductors - a play on the Dao De Jing, or Classic of Daoism. The 导体经 is a semiconductor fab using 100% indigenous - and proprietary - Chinese lithography machines capable of the 1.5nm node and below.

Even though SMIC will approach parity with TSMC by 2025, the Chinese government believes it is critical to China's electronics industry to lead the world and regain global market share for Chinese companies that was lost to US sanctions from 2019 onwards. The 导体经 will receive $60B of the incremental $65B in new 2024 R&D funds, with more funds allocated in FY 2025, and a target completion date in September/October 2025.

The core technology in the 导体经 's next-gen lithography machines is steady-state microbunching (SSMB), which uses a type of particle accelerator to create bunched kilowatt pulses of 13.5 nm wavelength light - 4x as powerful as the 250 watt pulses from 2021-era lithography machines using discharge-produced plasma (DPP) https://www.euvlitho.com/2019/S43.pdf.

Since SSMB light pulses are more powerful than DPP light pulses, the machine can fab more chips much more quickly than traditional EUV machines, and since SSMB machines do not create tin plasmas, there is less risk of tin residue contaminating the wafer or the insides of the machine, increasing yield and decreasing fab downtime compared to traditional EUV lithography. Additionally, since SSMB can generate bunched soft x-rays (<10nm wavelength) https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.154801, with quadruple and octo-patterning, the 导体经 will be able to fab chips under 1nm node size (and with exotic materials like graphene or new architectures like 3d patterning) once its process is mature (~2026).

SSMB was initially researched by a Sino-German team from 2017 through 2021 (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210224113109.htm), and further developed by a Chinese team at Tsinghua University since then. China has placed this technology under strict

MMATF and TRCH

https://preview.redd.it/qu9j2u8j74k61.jpg?width=1170&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=63b09e474409eb4f2468ce765b5fff562a1e979a

This is my initial research on Metamaterial Technologies, Torchlight Energy and their upcoming reverse merger. I will be updating this tomorrow after speaking with the CEO of META George Palikaras. This may be the longest DD you’ve ever read primarily because it is three DDs in one. The merger is complicated for many reasons, and I am personally thinking of it more as a PIPE/SPAC play- to be clear we are talking about a publicly traded company providing capital and NASDAQ access to another through a merger.

My standard disclaimer -Before you read any further, I want you to understand what I look for in an investment; I invest in companies that are undervalued, possess world changing technology and have a large potential catalyst upcoming, whether it be financial changes, a market inflection point, buy out or pending regulatory approval. For it to make sense to me, the company must provide me with a large near-term upside and continued long-term growth. Basically, I am looking for penny stocks that should not be. Metamaterials and Torchlight Energy both fit these requirements, I am not a financial advisor, I am a mom and a professional firefighter, do your own DD.

I believe that if you find the technology, the money will follow. I have not been this excited about a company since my discovery of Microvision. While they are completely different companies there is some industry and technology overlap. Both are solidly positioned to change our world in this new technological revolution that is just beginning. For reference my old DDs can be found at r/PennyQueen – Penny Queen with help from u/Here_Two_Stay

Part 1: META

Upcoming catalysts – merger vote, up-listing to NASDAQ, access to large capital markets and scaled production

Metamaterials Technologies, known as META (MMATF:US MMAT:CAN) is currently trading at $2.66 as of 02.27.2021. After the merger and up-listing to the NASDAQ, I expect META to be trading no lower than $5. With and end of year range of $8-$20 depending on production numbers and new partnerships. Therefore, this is a short term 2x and midterm 3-6x play. (There has been a lot of speculation over META’s co-location at a Canadian incubator facility with TESLA and several cryptic Tweets sent out by Elon Musk. While I see how a partnership betwe