I already made a few alphabets, but after making few, I decided to create a reformed göktürk alphabet for the karaim language, it works with most turkic languages. anyways I will show give you all the telegram link

https://t.me/joinchat/efcJNkIBGMRiYmEx

See the map here: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Map-Kypchak_Language_World.png (red is Kipchak-Bulgar)

Why are they distributed like this? Are the speakers nomadic? Were they forcefully relocated by the Soviets? Those are really the only two scenarios I can think of.

Hi, I'm currently doing linguistic research. And I'm wondering where can I find Kipchak dictionaries that were compiled during the Mamluk period (13th-15th centuries). I've looked so hard but I couldn't find them.

I was trying to make a list of all Georgian monarchs ever, under monarchs I mean everyone, including kings of separated and divided Georgian territories and their self-proclaimed kings, and including tribal leaders of the early period.

Also, in case this gets reposted, I don't want to share just names and what they did, I want people to understand the timeline and what were these states where these people ruled, so we start from there, with a small overview of general proto-Georgian states that were settled by Georgians for many thousands of years and even beyond that, tribal settlements already existed 200 000 years ago, exactly in the surroundings of where are major Georgian cities today, early proto-Georgian states were first mentioned in 1200 BC by the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I, it seems that Diauehi - დიაოხი (1200 BC - 750 BC), was counter-attacking the king. There is the Kingdom of Colchis - კოლხიდა / ეგრისი (1300 BC - 164 BC) which eventually absorbed Diauehi as the union of proto-Georgian tribes. Meanwhile, in the East of Georgia, the Kingdom of Iberia (302 BC - 580 AD) is taking shape under the first Georgian dynasty of Kings. Under Roman rule, Colchis transformed into Lazica - ლაზიკა / ეგრისი (131 AD - 697 AD). After Lazica and Iberia, Georgians were seeking ways to unite the dynasty, Tao-Klarjeti, Abkhazia, Kartli, all were taking part in the game of thrones. Finally, the second major dynasty of Kings was able to unite all Georgian tribes within the Kingdom of Georgia (1008 - 1490), after devastating attacks Kingdom was divided into small duchies who all claimed to be kings of Georgia, such as the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti. Until 1810, when Russian Empire abolished the Georgian monarchy.

To be honest, I didn't check the limit that actually exists for a Reddit post, it's 40000 characters, and I did over 80000 so had to trim it a bit, but I think I have provided information for anyone who had an impact and actually did something beneficial or had an impact but did something awful, you can find all the game of thrones here. I will post both parts at the same time and will link both parts to each other.

Diauehi

|Asia (Approx. 850

Seriously, you can be Turkic and of Mongol descent at the same time- trying to unravel the two is difficult since the Mongol empire was so prolific and all of their descendants ended up being Turkified.

Timur, Babur, Shaybani etc are all Mongol rulers who became Turkified and are the crux of the Uzbek identity just as the Pre-Mongol Karluk Turks were. Examples of important Karluk figures include Muhammad II, Jalal Al Din Mangburni (gigachad Karluk who resisted the Mongols, Seljuks and evaded constant threats to his throne at the same time), Mahmud of Ghaznavi and his father Sabuktigin (a Karluk slave from modern day Kyrgyzstan who rose up the ranks and actually founded the Ghaznavid Empire but for some reason his son gets all the credit).

In fact, even though the Turks were living in Central Asia 700-900 years before the Mongols, the Mongol kings who ended up converting to Islam were the main drivers behind the Turkic identities today. Without them, there would be no such thing as Uzbek, Kazakh, Nogai or Tatar.

It's also very possible that the Central Asian Turkic language would have fizzled out or been even more Persified if it weren't for their standardization of our languages. They united the tribes and shaped their culture and identity into who they are now. Without them, Uzbeks alone would have been fragmented into Karluk, Kipchak and Oghuz (modern day Afghan Uzbeks would probably have called themselves Karluk or Kipchak). Then, we would have had Kyrgyz, Uyghurs and Turkmens (their names are ancient and predate the Mongols).

This is because the Uzbek name was given to us by the Mongols. Our people were named after the first Mongol king to convert to Islam, Öz Beg Khan, who overthrew the Mongols that disapproved of Islam and converted his khanate into a sultanate. Even though he ruled over Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Kazakhstan, he is very well known because of his conversion, his long-lasting reign, his large armies and his diplomacy which catapulted the Golden Horde into it's zenith.

There isn't one Turk on this planet that doesn't have Mongol blood except, perhaps, the Chuvash, Gagauz and maybe Istanbul Turks. Yet I see Afghan Uzbeks and Hazaras saying they aren't of Mongol stock, even though DNA studies have proven this? It's not a bad thing to be descended from Mongolians, we aren't responsible for the crimes of our ancestors. Nobody blames Tajiks or Pashtuns for the crimes o

Yeah the Kyrgyz seem to have a very interesting and Ancient history. A lot of people seem to say that the Turks originated from the Gokturk Khaganate. However, a lot of texts say that the Kyrgyz weren't part of that Khaganate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_nomads, a lot of Tang dynasty texts mention that differentiated between Kyrgyz and "Turks"). I wonder how they weren't part of the Gokturk empire. Also, it makes you wonder where the Kyrgyz orginated from since alhough the Kyrgyz are a Turkic people, they were not part of the Gokturk Khaganate (did the Gokturks and Kyrgyz have a common ancestor)?. Also a map mention from Genghis Khan times states the where the Kyrgyz were located (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan#/media/File:Mongol_Empire_c.1207.png) (alongside Tuvans and Buryats). How is that and are the Kyrgyz now same as the Kyrgyz back then? Please correct me if I had made any mistakes.

Helo guy. Last time I have create a civ concept of the Khitan and I recived quite a few comment about how I should balance this civ . For the last month I quite busy so it took me a month to rework this concept. Now let you wait no longer, this is the rework of my Khitan civ concept. For those whoneed to look at the old concept, here it is: https://www.reddit.com/r/aoe2/comments/qe5jev/aoe2de_khitans_civ_concept/

Khitans

Cavalry Archer civ

The Khitans, rised from a nomadic people to a power dominate Northen China for over 200 years (907-1125). They established their own dynasty, the Liao and engage in a triad relationship with the Chinese Song in the south and the Tangurts Xiaxia in the West. After the fall of the Liao dynasty to the Jurchens Jin, a group of Khitans, lead by Yelu Dashi flee westward and finally build their nation, Western Liao (a.k.a Qara-Khitai). This empire ruled Central Asian until it was defeated and finally destroyed by, you guest it, Genghis Khan. The Khitans history may had lot of rises and falls but at the end, many of its legacy still remained as another conquerer dynasty of China learned lot of Liao laws and administration.

Architecture: East Asian (If there would be a Mongols architect then it'd work perfectly)

Language: Khitan ( a now-extinct language but many scripts and vocabullaries remained and recovered to this day thanks to Chinese records).

Wonder: Liaoyang White Tower

Civ Bonus:

• Mills, Lumber Camps and Mining Camps are replaced by the Yurts.

This bulding is a combination of mill, lumber camp and mining camp. Villager can drop-off their resources here and you can upgrade economic tech here too. This building can also pack/unpack like trebuchet and it will save you quite a lot of wood since you can just pack up and move to a new location instead of building a new resource camp. This building, however, cost 100 wood, which mean 25 wood more than normal resources camp so your early game can be a little short on wood.

• Parthian Tactics affect Scout, Steppe Lancer and Camel Rider lines.

While many of you think that a 4/8 armor Hussar is too OP, I think it quite comparable in tanking arrows compare to Paladin but lagging behind in damage dealing department. Steppe Lancer and Camels are sistuational units so you don't have to worry about this bonus too OP and this bonus will give these units and edge over ot

Free Features

• Game rule presets can be created! You can now easily switch between the normie version of the game you tolerate for multiplayer and whatever bizarre shit you get up to on your own personal time.

• Character finder presets can be created. Never accidentally hand out that newly-conquered county to an Amazonian genius baby with claims on France or marry your heir to a landless, honest, diligent nobody of your culture and religion again!

• Men-At-Arms can now be raised independently in case you don't need every single goddamn farmer who can swing a stick in the entire Roman Empire to deal with some brushfire rebellion or small border conflict.

• At game start, rulers now start with a decent amount of men at arms already hired, which you will immediately destroy so you can get the exact composition you want.

• Taking over a castle won't immediately fill it to the brim with, fuck if I know, fanatically loyal stone golems conjured from the earth or some shit. Upgrading the holding will allow the garrison to replenish faster now that sorcery is not an option.

• Unlocked Monarch's Journey cosmetics for everyone beyond the six people who actually finished it.

• Scots will now sometimes have mullets because fuck yeah

• Your snot-nosed kids can now hang out with other rulers' snot-nosed kids and let you get about the matter of running the realm.

• Arbitrary characters can now promise someone a favor and later say, "No, I don't think I will."

• Deceitful and impatient characters who are really stressed out can just go push the kid out of a window already instead of waiting for a poisoned carpet or whatever intricate bullshit the spymaster wanted to do.

• Forgiving characters can passive-aggressively be like, "No, it's fine! It's fine! I know I saved your life from mortal peril but you really don't owe me anything."

• Vengeful characters can spread rumors about how Queen Lagertha licks sheep even if people wouldn't normally believe that kind of thing coming from them.

• Wrathful characters can make criminals 1v1 them instead of going to jail.

• Irritable characters can make anyone 1v1 them if they're stressed.

Balance

• Iceland can now hire mercenaries. We've assured them it's a real place and not a made up country.

• Cowards are more resistant to hostile schemes because they've locked themselves in the cheese cellar and said they're not coming out until your're really sure there are no snakes left in Ireland.

• Gluttonous charact

Most people who talk about these two languages will at some point mention how similar the two languages are, but i've seen some people people take it a step further and say that Kazakh and Kyrgyz could be considered dialects of the same language, and i wonder if this claim has any truth to it?

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

They’re on standbi

Pilot on me!!

When I have stressed my anxieties for the first time about this issue when the AOE4 website first showcased the Abbasid civilization, I was calmed by some redditors here with them saying ''maybe these are just some of the unique units they have?''

I took an optimist attitude and told myself ''yeah, I mean regardless of how much of a stereoypy, comical, satire, cartoonish, orientalist design choice they go for, they cant just ignore the importance of cavalry in Abbasid Civilization''

Now seeing the video, unfortunately it became clear that my fears came true :(

Ghulams/Mamluks were the most elite, backbone, arguably interesting part of Abbasid armies. They were the ones who founded Delhi Sultanate for example. The system continued in all the succeeding Islamic empires. They defeated Mongols in Ain Jalut, they defeated crusaders in La Forbe and 7th crusade(and conquered every crusader state one after another), they even made their way into Napoleons army! They were the elite heavy cavalry unit. It is like not giving horse archers to Mongols, not giving longbowmen to English, not giving knights to French, not giving crossbowmen to Venetians!

Actually even more than that. After the introduction of ghulams by the Caliph Al-Mu'tasim in the 9th century, even a city was founded so they would stay ''pure'' and not lose their warrior skills: Samarra.

In Aoe2 Saracen unique unit was Mamluk but it was for some reason a camelry and even more interestingly it was throwing Aladin scimitars. Anyway, it was an old game. I hope they didnt name the heavy camel units we see as ''Mamluk'' again.

Now also, Arabs throughout their history took pride in their horses and were known for their light cavalry.

Again, yes, camelry was used but it was mostly used by auxiliary units such as beduins. It is just mind boggling to see heavily armoured, obviously elite units mounting camels! Mamluks/Ghulams never used camels.

I mean it is just disheartening to see while English civilizations unique abilities are just beautifully referenced(men at arms bonus is a clever reference to King Edward III's military reforms) to history(except for the farm one, I think that was just to boost English eco), Abbasids and Delhi Sultanate are represented so poorly.

Delhi Sultanate, apart from the elephants, is a whole another mess. One could say this civ is only cosmetically Delhi Sultanate. The infantry building military buildings bonus, scholar bonus... I knew Delhi Sultanates history but I made

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

I won't be doing that today!

You take away their little brooms

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

There hasn't been a post all year!

It’s pronounced “Noel.”

After all his first name is No-vac

What, then, is Chinese rap?

Edit:

Notable mentions from the comments:

• Spanish/Swedish/Swiss/Serbian hits

• French/Finnish art

• Country/Canadian rap

• Chinese/Country/Canadian rock

• Turkish/Tunisian/Taiwanese rap

There hasn't been a single post this year!

(Happy 2022 from New Zealand)

Bob

Just to clarify, 12345678

So that I could frequently say, "I am going to walk 5 miles now."

Edit: My most popular post on Reddit! 😀 Thank you for the awards.

Do your worst!