This topic came up in my stem cells class and I was curious to know more as to why they’re unable to. I remember my professor stating there was something else they couldn’t induce another type of cell or tissue as well but I can’t recall what it was. I feel as though research in this field would be a lot more fluid if ethics weren’t a restriction lol.
So I was wondering just how crappy my crappy graded embryos were, and came across this article:
https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(12)01346-5/abstract#/article/S0015-0282(12)01346-5/fulltext?mobileUi=1
It’s about the impact of inner cell mass (ICM - the first letter in the Gardner embryo morphology grading that most places use) and trophectoderm (TE - the second letter) on success rates.
Anyway, here’s the results section:
The rates of pregnancy per embryo transfer cycle for ICMs of grades A, B, and C were 45.1% (829/1838), 41.7% (454/1089), and 39.4% (26/66), and abortion rates were 19.8% (164/829), 24.5% (111/454), and 26.9% (7/26) respectively. The ICM grade did not have a statistically significant effect on the rate of pregnancy or abortion.
In contrast, the rates of pregnancy per embryo transfer cycle for TE grades of A, B, and C were 48.8% (488/1000), 42.4% (786/1853), and 25.0% (35/140), respectively. For grade C TE, the rate of pregnancy was significantly lower than that for TEs of grade A or B (P<0.05). The rates of abortion for TEs of grades A, B, and C were 17.8% (87/488), 23.4% (184/786), and 31.4% (11/35), respectively. Embryos with a grade C TE showed a significantly higher rate of abortion compared with those with a grade A TE (P<0.05).
This article reaches the same conclusion, that TE is more predictive: https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/26/12/3289/2914209
“The main finding of our study was that for blastocysts transferred in human IVF the morphological appearance of TE cells is the most important morphological parameter for predicting live birth outcome.”
And this one as well, though it suggests that maternal age also has an impact on otherwise similarly graded embryos: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3843172/
“We found that clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates (Table 3) were significantly predicted by TE morphology, embryo stage and patient age. Inner cell mass morphology was not predictive of either live birth rate (p = 0.2653) nor clinical pregnancy rate (p = 0.9349). Similarly, embryo grade did not predict live birth rate (p = 0.2374) or clinical pregnancy rate (p = 0.0583). Trophectoderm morphology was associated with LB rates of 50 % (good), 41.9 % (fair) and 30 % (poor). Blastocyst stages were associated with LB rates of 50 % (hatching), 49.5 % (expanded) and 36.7 % (early). LB rates in patients <35 years of age remain good across trophectoderm morphology scores.”
But all
... keep reading on reddit ➡
What would it be like to live inside a video game? This mass of human brain cells knows.
Skip to the end if you just want numbers. Namely Gransphere's mass, and how energy would be needed to destroy it.
So recently I've been quantitively analysing Dyna's finale; and, by god, is it a headache. Space is fukin huge, man. I went ahead and calculated a bunch of speed values for Gransphere, too, since they vary a lot. Like it literally ranges from c x10^(-3) to 4c. (Usually very high speed only when not eating planets). I also went ahead and calc'd Neo Maxima speed and it can actually be FTL. Which actually sort of makes sense when considering how it's used throughout the series, and how the Plasma-100 engine works. But that's a discussion for another day. Anyway, Gransphere mass. Well, firstly we need a scale for our big friend's voyage:
Pixel Scaling The Distances Required
Note that these are not the lines I used for pixel scaling. These are just a general trajectory of Gransphere's advance. Also note that Uranus or Saturn are never mentioned in series despite being near the path of attack. So the distance travelled by Gransphere is actually greater than what I use, which would does not affect these calcs.
My reference was the distance between the Earth and the Sun, since that distance is relatively small in comparison to the other distances, so therefore the orbital variation will provide a smaller margin of error.
Here are my values:
https://preview.redd.it/8hlarfkwmq581.png?width=448&format=png&auto=webp&s=0e8fc9aeff02200c19a9c06c00cc1ce2b509684f
Most of these were for Gransphere speed calcs which I won't show here since I respect your sanity (but apparently not my own).
Neo Maxima Overdrive Speed Calc
So in order to calculate GS' mass, I need the speed of Neo Maxima Overdrive. You will see why later or not, since everyone probably left already.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX45UKSCM6A&t=1624s
Super GUTS receive the notification of Gransphere's attack near Neptune while they are on Mars. They arrive at Neptune not so long afterwards. Realistically this would be several minutes. So I shall say
... keep reading on reddit ➡
