Front Neurosci. 2021; 15: 728810.Published online 2021 Aug 31. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.728810PMCID: PMC8438205

Update on the Relationship Between Depression and Neuroendocrine Metabolism

Wenxin Qiu, 1 , † Xiaodan Cai, 1 , † Chenhui Zheng, 1 Shumin Qiu, 1 Hanyang Ke, 1 and Yinqiong Huang 2 , *Author information Article notes Copyright and License information DisclaimerGo to:

Abstract

Through the past decade of research, the correlation between depression and metabolic diseases has been noticed. More and more studies have confirmed that depression is comorbid with a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and so on. Studies showed that the underlying mechanisms of both depression and metabolic diseases include chronic inflammatory state, which is significantly related to the severity. In addition, they also involve endocrine, immune systems. At present, the effects of clinical treatments of depression is limited. Therefore, exploring the co-disease mechanism of depression and metabolic diseases is helpful to find a new clinical therapeutic intervention strategy. Herein, focusing on the relationship between depression and metabolic diseases, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of the comorbidity of depression and metabolic.

Keywords: depression, metabolic syndrome, major depressive disorder, inflammation, endocrine

https://preview.redd.it/bfhsdu4mayn71.png?width=760&format=png&auto=webp&s=237e5422bef4f16ea85fe461fd6b55ef85e74cee

The Underlying Mechanism of Depression

Inflammation

In recent years, many animal experiments and clinical studies have pointed out that the pathogen

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31185843

Stocker RK1, Reber Aubry E1, Bally L1, Nuoffer JM2, Stanga Z1.

Abstract

in English, German

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and very low-carb diet, which has been used primarily for treatment of therapy-resistant epilepsy in children. Implementation of the KD in other target populations is increasingly being discussed. This literature review provides first indications for a clinical benefit of the KD in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In many analysed studies, KD led to significant weight loss and had beneficial effects on lipoprotein profile and insulin resistance. In half of the comparative studies with T2DM, the KD lead to signifiantly greater reductions in HbA1c-levels (HbA1c difference: -0.5 to -1.5 %) compared to reference diets (HbA1c difference: +0.2 to -0.5 %). Nevertheless, study results are too heterogenic for a general recommendation of the KD in this patient population.

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The article is in German and I have no access to it so not much to see here. Nice though that the germans are also onboarding on the low carb.

https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(18)32310-0/fulltext

http://www.sciencedirect.com.secure.sci-hub.tw/science/article/pii/S0261561418323100

Ketogenic diet and its evidence based therapeutic implementation in endocrine diseases: A literature review

R. Stocker, E. Reber Aubry, L. Bally, Z. Stanga

Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.2033

Rationale: Ketogenic diets (KD) have been in clinical use for treatment of therapy-resistant epilepsy in children since the 1920. Implementation of KD in other target populations is increasingly being discussed (i.e. oncology, endocrinology). In this literature review, we assessed the efficacy of KD for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE focussing on efficacy of KD in T2DM and PCOS, excluding case reports.

Results: A total of 271 studies for T2DM and 81 for PCOS were identified, of which 16 (8 RCT, 8 interventional studies) and 12 studies (6 RCT, 6 interventional studies) were included in the analysis. Restriction of carbohydrates without energy restriction leads to significant weight loss in most studies. In case-control studies with T2DM, KD significantly reduced HbA1c-levels compared to reference diet. Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lowered by KD across almost all studies. Moreover, positive effects of KD on insulin resistance and lipid blood profile were observed in several but not all studies. Of the 28 included studies, diet-induced ketosis was biochemically confirmed in two studies only ketosis. Inconsistency among studies mainly relate to quantity and quality of dietary fats in KD and regimes of reference diets.

Conclusion: Although preliminary evidence supporting clinical benefits of KD in T2DM and PCOS exist, study results are highly heterogenic, what makes a general recommendation difficult. To evaluate efficacy, safety and usability of KD in T2DM and PCOS, further well-designed studies are needed. Disclosure of Interest: None declared.

For the last several years Ive been seeing lots of papers on various aspects of what I call the EDC problem.

There's a large number of chemicals that cause obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and some of these chemicals are literally everywhere, they are in our homes, our cookware, our bedding, our food packaging, our clothing, our foods, even in the receipts for things we buy at the store.

And increasingly, these health implications are known, and unambiguous, but nothing is being done here in the US, that I am aware of, except for pushing to "freeze" new chemical and environmental regulations in the TTIP trade deal, which would make the situation basically very different than it is today, with a single panel replacing the local and national laws of what I think is almost 40 countries, including the US, and overriding regional protections including many state protections and the EU's "precautionary principle".

Harmonization - or regulatory coherence, its being marketed as, but its really a thinly veiled attempt to block further progress on regulating this large body of quite dangerous chemicals in a meaningful way.

I think that corruption must play into this and the entities involved will probably end up being held liable financially and probably there will also be criminal prosecutions, but I think that financial liability is going to be inevitable if the response is not a responsible one (phasing the EDCs out of all new products)

Otherwise the manufacturers may face liability for a really huge sum. Or am I misunderstanding how these things work. What do other people think?

One can see what I mean by going to pubmed and typing in search terms like http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22endocrine+disruptors%22+diabetes , obesogen, endocrine disrupting chemicals, or entering in the names of chemicals (or in some cases simply the common acronyms for the names - for example : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pfoa+diabetes )

Anyway, I think this is a crisis and people need to call them out and ask them, is this responsible behavior, both from companies and the politicians who enable them?

EHP's topic page on http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/tag/Endocrine-Disruptors/ has a new paper..

[Toxicity Testing from the Bottom Up: Proposed Protocol for Screening Pollutants Linked to Insulin Resistance: Carol Potera](http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/121-a3

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(16)30275-3/fulltext

Thanks!