I found some old tabs under my bed that I got in 2019. They were either 200 or 250ug, and they were wrapped in tin foil. Do you think they would have lost much strength?
There wonβt be another lunar eclipse for another 500+ years and the fact that climate change could really fuck us up by then I wanna see possible the last lunar eclipse. And thereβs no way Iβm awake for it without drugs. Roughly 1-6am is the action in my state.
If a molecule has a weak conjugate base, does it make it a strong acid? And if it has a strong conjugate base does it make the acid weaker? I'm very confused so any help with clarification is greatly appreciated.
Iβve seen a lot of videos online of people saying turkesterone is basically an expensive creatine 2.0. Iβve looked into Phosphatidic acid (which is cheaper) for awhile now and people say itβs like turkesterone except the strength + lean body mass gains being better.. just wondering if anyone else has a different opinion or experience.
I had an exam today and me and my friends are arguing over this. Any help would be much appreciated.
Hello fellow MCATers - testing tomorrow & I seem to have forgotten simple basic acid/base chem.
TLDR at bottom
I was just on the KA site reviewing weak acid chemistry, and a question asked which of Hydrofluoric (HF) or Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) is the stronger acid. There was a Ka table, but I thought to myself "hey the MCAT loves to fuck me, so let's not look at the values and try to reason through this as if it was a q on the real deal".
As we all know, Fluorine is highly electronegative. That sumbitch is is happy in a protic solution since it can easily nom the remaining electron it needs from the surrounding hydrogens. Consequently, this makes the Fluoride ion a very strong conjugate base as it cannot delocalize that negative charge anywhere (which explains it's high nucleophilicity in aprotic solvents).
Acetic acid on the other hand has an electron donating -CH3 group. When Acetic acid donates a proton, it can be resonance stabilized. Nevertheless, that pesky -CH3 group will tend to make that resonance stabilized -COO- group less stable through inductive effects. Therein lies my problem. Happy go me says "ez mode, Acetic acid has got to be the stronger acid since there is a resonance stabilized conjugate base & TWO decently electronegative atoms sharing the burden of that neg charge." And just like on the practice exams, acid/base chemistry fucks me once again. Upon looking at the Ka values HF's is higher, and thus the stronger acid. WHY!? Can someone please share their wisdom with me? (in all honesty, probably won't actually be asked something like this on the real deal, but worth the mental exercise).
Thank you kind strangers!
TLDR; Ka values aside, why is Hydrofluoric acid stronger than Acetic acid?
β Key Points Question In statin-treated patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol treated with Ο-3 fatty acids, are achieved levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) associated with cardiovascular outcomes?
Findings In a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial studying a carboxylic acid formulation of Ο-3 fatty acids, plasma levels of EPA and DHA were measured 12 months after randomization in 10β―382 patients. There was no association between achieved or change in level of either Ο-3 fatty acid and major adverse cardiovascular events.
Meaning These findings do not support the concept that achieving higher EPA plasma levels through pharmacological means reduces adverse cardiovascular outcomes, nor were higher DHA levels associated with harm.
Abstract Importance In patients treated with Ο-3 fatty acids, it remains uncertain whether achieved levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with cardiovascular outcomes.
Objective To determine the association between plasma levels of EPA and DHA and cardiovascular outcomes in a trial of Ο-3 fatty acids compared with corn oil placebo.
Design, Setting, and Participants A double-blind, multicenter trial enrolled patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 675 centers (enrollment from October 30, 2014, to June 14, 2017; study termination January 8, 2020; last visit May 14, 2020).
Interventions Participants were randomized to receive 4 g daily of Ο-3 carboxylic acid (CA) or an inert comparator, corn oil.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary prespecified end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. The primary outcome measure was the hazard ratio, adjusted for baseline characteristics, for patients treated with the Ο-3 CA compared with corn oil for the top tertile of achieved EPA and DHA plasma levels 12 months after randomization.
Results Of the 13β―078 total participants, 6539 (50%) were randomized to receive Ο-3 CA and 6539 (50%) randomized to corn oil. Ο-3 Fatty acid levels were available at both baseline and 12 months after randomization in 10β―382 participants (5175 Ο-3 CA patients [49.8%] and 5207 corn oilβtreated patients [50.2%];
... keep reading on reddit β‘About me- 24F with mild acne prone combination skin (also with acne scars, pigmentation, whiteheads and what not). Though Iβve been a skincare fanatic for years, Iβve been following a proper skincare routine for the only past few months.
This product is one of the first ones I incorporated into my routine after hearing numerous positive reviews and seeing Divya Khosla Kumar rave about it (I love that womanβs skin).
And since Iβve used it almost daily in my AM routine for over 2 months, I guess Iβm qualified to share my experience on how well this faired on my skin.
To keep things short: Itβs absolutely not worth it!
Hereβs why:
Price: 1800/- for 15ml and 5400/- for 50ml. I guess I neednβt say more.
Texture: The consistency is some what between oily and creamy and itβs such a pain to spread. I always end up having to use more of the product to cover up my entire face.
Look and feel: While many YouTubers say that it leaves a dewy finish, Iβve never felt that way. It feels more on the heavier and oilier side. (Or this may just be me because Iβve always hated the feel of neutrogena sunscreen even if itβs a cult favourite for many)
Overall: It showed literally 0 effect on my skin. Absolutely nothing in terms of brightness, radiance or firmness. Also, my acne was popping up every now and then as usual.
In all honesty, itβs left me confused whether I have to blame the product or Vitamin C itself. The brand Kiehlβs has established a good name in the market, yet this product turned out to be such a bummer.
My company has been using a solution composed of 75% De-ionized water and 25% Hydrofluoric acid to remove fused glass from metal components.
We are planning on switching to Hydrochloric acid, but I am unsure if the above percentages should be used to make the new de-glassing solution.
Would a solution of 25% Hydrochloric acid to 75% DI water have the same "acidic strength" as a solution of 25% Hydrofluoric acid to 75% DI water?
I asked this in r/skincareaddiction but figured this was also an appropriate place haha.
Tretinoin Last week I switched from 0.3% Taro adapalene (which Iβve been using for years) to tret, and the Perrigo 0.025% cream formulation I received is so bad. I am rubbing a tiny amount forever and still get these thick, white streaks. I feel like Iβm damaging my skin more trying to rub it in.
I was scared that I just got spoiled by the ease of adapalene, but from doing some research, other brandsβ formulations of tretinoin seem to be better.
I am going to request a new brand next month and am trying to figure out what to use. Also any insight into the gels v cream is also helpful. I heard Akleif and Altreno were good options. Iβm also wondering if I should just request Retin-A.
Lastly, if Iβve been using 0.3% adapalene for several years with no irritation, should I ask my derm for 0.05% tret? Iβm not sure if that will help with my current breakout problem or just cause irritation. Iβve only used the tret three times so far (Iβm easing in to it and alternating with the adapalene before starting every day usage)
Azelaic Acid I started Taro 15% recently and I think itβs really helped prevent some breakouts, but I find this so incredibly drying. Iβve never heard people complain about dryness from azelaic acid, and I think some even talked about other formulas being greasy, so I think this one just might not be for me. Any other recommendations?
Also does anyone know if itβs worth me asking my doctor for 20% or will it not make a huge difference and is just a matter of time for the effects to play out?
I have very dry, dehydrated, acne-prone, sensitive skin, so am looking for something to help with all of these things.
Current routine: Am:
- cleanse with glossier milky jelly cleanser or kinship papaya cleanser
- Timeless B5 serum
- Timeless vitamin c
- Laneige cica sleeping mask
- OleHenriksen Banana Bright Eye Cream
- Garden of Wisdom argan oil
- Cocokind Daily spf or Krave Beauty Beet Shield
pm:
- sometimes oil cleanse with Clinique take the day off balm
- cleanse with vitaminsea.beauty rosehip oil cleanser if I donβt oil cleanse or Glossier milky jelly cleanser Iβd j do
- timeless B5 serum
- purito dermide cica sleeping pack
- Cocokind matcha moisturizer as an eye cream
- Burtβs bees overnight lip treatment
- Aquaphor on eye area and lips as theyβve been crazy dry
- Taro 15% azelaic acid
- Perrigo 0.025% tretinoin every two days, with
Not sure if thatβs the right flair, but I just got tret (0.055%) in the mail from Hers. Wish me luck on getting started lol. It also has 4% niacinamide, which sounds good, a well studied antioxidant/anti-inflammatory at a decent percent makes sense. But it also has 5% azelaic acid, and Iβm honestly confused why they added it all. From what Iβve read, it looks like it needs to be at around 20% to be effective, or at least thatβs the strength thatβs been studied. Also they didnβt really stress the azelaic acid in their marketing so I donβt think itβs just putting in an ingredient for skincare buzzword value. Just wondering if anyone has noticed some kind of benefit from such a low percent of this ingredient, has had experience w it or something. Curious about its purpose in a tret formula...
If a molecule has a weak conjugate base, does it make it a strong acid? And if it has a strong conjugate base does it make the acid weaker? I'm very confused so any help with clarification is greatly appreciated.
/
I don't understand what the stability of the conjugate base has to do with how strong the acid is. What does it mean for an organic acid to be strong?
