In 9.13, if the alkoxy oxygen atom was protonated instead, would we get an alcohol (ROH) and the starting hemiacetal? How do we know which O will be protonated, that of the alkoxy group or the hydroxyl’s? Any help is greatly appreciated!! Thanks a lot in advance :~)
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👤︎ u/MedS03
📅︎ Nov 29 2021
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As I understand it, both dehydration of alcohols and their reactions with alkyl halides require a strong acid for the protonation of the hydroxyl group to turn it into a good leaving group (water). Does this not mean all of these reactions are acid-catalyzed?

My textbook only mentions “acid catalyst” when talking about reactions of 1° alcohols with hydrogen halides. It says that it requires a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and a Lewis acid as a catalyst like zinc chloride to form an alkyl chloride. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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👤︎ u/MedS03
📅︎ Nov 05 2021
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Is it possible to replace hydroxyl groups with hydrogen in acids via reduction or other means?
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📅︎ Dec 28 2021
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PECO technology and Hydroxyls (OH)

Does any know for certain if PECO technology used in Molekules, specifically the “Air Pro”, release Hydroxyls into the air? I’d imagine there should probably be a post-filter right before processed air exits into the ambient air to capture any excess unreacted OH molecules.

Also, does anyone know if Hydroxyls are harmful to humans??

Secondly, how likely is it to have certain partially oxidized VOCs turn into more harmful VOCs like limonene partially oxidize to form formaldehyde

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📅︎ Jan 01 2022
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[ASAP] Combining Hydroxyl-Yne and Thiol-Ene Click Reactions to Facilely Access Sequence-Defined Macromolecules for High-Density Data Storage

Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10612

Bo Song, Dan Lu, Anjun Qin, and Ben Zhong Tang

https://ift.tt/3zig46E

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📅︎ Dec 30 2021
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In synthesis of aspirin, why does H+ attack the carbonyl group of the anhydride instead of the hydroxyl group of salicylic acid?
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👤︎ u/Juny1spion
📅︎ Nov 01 2021
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Isn’t this supposed to be 2,4,6-trimethylphenol instead since the hydroxyl group takes the number 1?
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👤︎ u/MedS03
📅︎ Oct 09 2021
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Imaging the short-lived hydroxyl-hydronium pair in ionized liquid water science.org/doi/10.1126/s…
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👤︎ u/m3prx
📅︎ Oct 01 2021
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Hydroxyl acid
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👤︎ u/ameedoneh
📅︎ Dec 23 2020
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Is there an easy way to go from an acyl to hydroxyl? Preferably with scalable reagents
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👤︎ u/BarooZaroo
📅︎ Sep 07 2021
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Ozone and hydroxyl radical chemistry in an indoor environment

Hello,

I'm having an indoor air quality issue and I was hoping people more knowledgeable then me could give me a hand. I had an accidental spill of pyrethrin pesticide in my carpeted bedroom. I was advised to use ozone to treat the room to react with the pesticide and remove it entirely. I think it worked however I am now having serious problems breathing in the bedroom. From my understanding ozone has reacted with the carpet and carpet padding and other materials in the room to create aldehydes and acids, such as formaldehyde and formic acid. The bedroom does have a slightly sour smell to it now and it is very irritating to the eyes, nose and throat. I have purchased a hydroxyl radical generator in hopes of reacting with these gases and acids without further oxidizing the carpet. If I do in fact have an abundance of formic acid and formaldehyde buildup, can anyone confirm that hydroxyl radicals will react with them to form something safer? If not does anyone have any suggestions as to how I could react with or remove them? Are my assumptions about the chemistry that has so far occurred even correct? Any input is greatly appreciated, thank you!

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📅︎ Oct 14 2021
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Do Hydroxyl Generators Actually Work To Sanitize and Remove Odors?

I have been looking for a way to disinfect and remove odors from buildings and vehicles. I know the “industry standard” has always been ozone generator machines. I have done a fair amount of research about ozone and have learned about its limitations and dangers. They claim that ozone should be able to neutralize any organic smell and kill unwanted living organisms – whether it’s a virus, bacteria, fungi etc. However, I have seen writings that strongly discourage the use of ozone for various reasons. In my research I came across a few websites advocating the use of hydroxyl generators for the same purpose. They claim hydroxyls are more reactive with organic agents thus can do everything ozone is supposed to but much better, but the technology is just relatively new which is why it hasn’t been more widely adopted. Most of these sites are selling a hydroxyl generating product so their claims seem to be almost too good to be true. They essentially state that hydroxyl can get rid of (almost) any odor, and can kill mold, bacteria, and viruses while being safe to use around people. I am wondering if someone can corroborate these claims, or explain some of the limitations and actualities of hydroxyls as a disinfectant and sanitizer. Most of these machines cost $1k or more so I want to make sure they are really worth the money and actually work.

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📅︎ Oct 14 2021
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ISRO-SAC instrument onboard chandrayaan 2 finds presence of hydroxyl and water molecules on Moon indianexpress.com/article…
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👤︎ u/souma_123
📅︎ Aug 11 2021
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Nicotinic esters of hydroxyl derivatives of phenanthrenes (incl. Nicocodeine)

Synthesis of Nicocodeine (and other nicotinic esters of hydroxyl phenanthrenes) without Nicotinic Anhydride. Very promising yields reported, and quite obtainable starting materials, and a seemingly easy process. Let there be buzzing! https://patents.google.com/patent/US3131185A/en

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👤︎ u/SivalV
📅︎ May 11 2021
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Why does my textbook say that alkenes are a functional group? I thought they were a family of organic compounds. The textbook also says that alcohols are a functional group. Shouldn’t hydroxyl be the functional group of alcohols? TIA! reddit.com/gallery/pnfruf
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👤︎ u/MedS03
📅︎ Sep 13 2021
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ISRO-SAC instrument finds presence of hydroxyl and water molecules on Moon. indianexpress.com/article…
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👤︎ u/CumInABag
📅︎ Aug 12 2021
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ISRO-SAC instrument finds presence of hydroxyl and water molecules on Moon indianexpress.com/article…
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📅︎ Aug 11 2021
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In peptide bond formation, does amino group react with carboxyl or hydroxyl?

A practice problem asks what functional group an amino group reacts with when forming a peptide bond. It says that carboxyl group is correct, and hydroxyl group is incorrect. But hydroxyl is part of carboxyl, and the hydroxyl is the part of the carboxyl that the amino group reacts with when forming a peptide bond. What am I missing here?

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👤︎ u/vhill13579
📅︎ Aug 11 2021
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Hydroxyl (OH⁻) is kinda sus ngl
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📅︎ Jul 05 2021
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Why is the statement "3-hydroxyl-3-methylcycloheptanone is not the predominate product of base mediated cyclization of 2,7-octanedione because it is neither the kinetic nor thermodynamic product" true?

I drew out both structures and I can't see how 3-hydroxyl-3-methylcycloheptanone (bottom) could be neither the thermodynamic or kinetic product when only 2 possible products are formed. If there was a third possible product, then I suppose it could be both less stable than the thermodynamic and slower to form than the kinetic (i.e. then it would be neither), but in this context, I don't see how this could be true?

https://preview.redd.it/hwpkxgd2txg71.jpg?width=611&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=1584270056f1a0d5ce344fa6f742163cfbc8880d

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📅︎ Aug 12 2021
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When you’ve been studying too long, forget it’s Christmas, and wonder why there’s a hydroxyl group on your towel...
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👤︎ u/spscassidy
📅︎ Dec 21 2020
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Astronomers detect first ever hydroxyl molecule signature in an exoplanet atmosphere

An international collaboration of astronomers led by a researcher from the Astrobiology Center and Queen’s University Belfast, and including researchers from Trinity College Dublin, has detected a new chemical signature in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet (a planet that orbits a star other than our Sun).

The hydroxyl radical (OH) was found on the dayside of the exoplanet WASP-33b. This planet is a so-called ‘ultra-hot Jupiter’, a gas-giant planet orbiting its host star much closer than Mercury orbits the Sun and therefore reaching atmospheric temperatures of more than 2,500° C (hot enough to melt most metals).

The lead researcher based at the Astrobiology Center and Queen’s University Belfast, Dr Stevanus Nugroho, said: “This is the first direct evidence of OH in the atmosphere of a planet beyond the Solar System. It shows not only that astronomers can detect this molecule in exoplanet atmospheres, but also that they can begin to understand the detailed chemistry of this planetary population.”

In the Earth’s atmosphere, OH is mainly produced by the reaction of water vapour with atomic oxygen. It is a so-called ‘atmospheric detergent’ and plays a crucial role in the Earth’s atmosphere to purge pollutant gasses that can be dangerous to life (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide).

In a much hotter and bigger planet like WASP-33b, where astronomers have previously detected signs of iron and titanium oxide gas) OH plays a key role in determining the chemistry of the atmosphere through interactions with water vapour and carbon monoxide. Most of the OH in the atmosphere of WASP-33b is thought to have been produced by the destruction of water vapour due to the extremely high temperature.

“We see only a tentative and weak signal from water vapour in our data, which would support the idea that water is being destroyed to form hydroxyl in this extreme environment,” explained Dr Ernst de Mooij from Queen’s University Belfast, a co-author on this study.

To make this discovery, the team used the InfraRed Doppler (IRD) instrument at the 8.2-meter diameter Subaru Telescope located in the summit area of Maunakea in Hawai`i (about 4,200 m above sea level). This new instrument can detect atoms and molecules through their ‘spectral fingerprints,’ unique sets of dark absorption features superimposed on the rainbow of colours (or spectrum) that are emitted by stars and planets.

As the planet orbits its host star, its velocity relative to t

... keep reading on reddit ➡

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📅︎ Apr 28 2021
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Is the alpha hydrogen or hydroxyl more acidic for malonic acid; I have heard both answers..
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👤︎ u/bob_target
📅︎ Jul 15 2020
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In this example of Kolbe's Electrolysis, is it possible for the R• radical to react with water to form R-H and produce a hydroxyl radical which could go on to form R-OH?
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📅︎ Apr 14 2021
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Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen to Hydroxyl Radicals via 3‐Electron Pathway with FeCo Alloy Encapsulated Carbon Aerogel for Fast and Complete Removing Pollutants

Hydroxyl radicals are efficiently and continuously generated from selective electrochemical O2 reduction via 3‐electron pathway with FeCoC electrode, overcoming the rate‐limiting step of electron transfer initiated by reduction‐/oxidation‐state cycle. Fast and complete removal of organics with the apparent rate constant of 1.44±0.04 min−1 represents high potential for practical water purification.

Abstract

We reported the selective electrochemical reduction of oxygen (O2) to hydroxyl radicals (.OH) via 3‐electron pathway with FeCo alloy encapsulated by carbon aerogel (FeCoC). The graphite shell with exposed ‐COOH is conducive to the 2‐electron reduction pathway for H2O2 generation stepped by 1‐electron reduction towards to .OH. The electrocatalytic activity can be regulated by tuning the local electronic environment of carbon shell with the electrons coming from the inner FeCo alloy. The new strategy of .OH generation from electrocatalytic reduction O2 overcomes the rate‐limiting step over electron transfer initiated by reduction‐/oxidation‐state cycle in Fenton process. Fast and complete removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved within 5 min in this proposed system, the apparent rate constant (kobs) was up to 1.44±0.04 min−1, which is comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art advanced oxidation processes. The degradation rate almost remains the same after 50 successive runs, suggesting the satisfactory stability for practical applications.

https://ift.tt/316h11v

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📅︎ Apr 24 2021
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Hydrogen Binding Initiated Activation of O−H Bonds on a Nitrogen‐Doped Surface for Catalytic Oxidation of Biomass Hydroxyl Compounds

Hydrogen binding of molecules on specific solid surface is an attractive interaction that can be employed as driving force for chemical bond activation, material directed assembly, protein protection, etc. However, the lack of quantitative characterization method for hydrogen bonds (HBs) on surface seriously limits its application. Herein, we measured the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG 0 ) of surface HBs using NMR technique. HBs accepting ability of surface was investigated in term of comparing ΔG 0 values by employing model biomass platform 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on a series of Co-N-C-n catalysts with electron-rich doped-nitrogen contents adjusted. Reducing the ΔG 0 effectively improves HBs accepting ability of the nitrogen-doped surface, and promotes the O−H bonds selectively initiated activation in the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. As a result, the reaction kinetics is accelerated and the rate constant is significantly increased. In addition to excellent catalytic performance, the turnover frequency (TOF) value for this oxidation is extremely higher than the reported non-noble metal catalysts.

https://ift.tt/3iGx3cq

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📅︎ Jun 14 2021
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Acetaminophen dimer ether-linked through phenolic hydroxyl groups patents.google.com/patent…
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📅︎ May 10 2021
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In a phospholipid, what happens to the hydrogen of the hydroxyl in the part of glycerol that attaches to the phosphate?
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👤︎ u/WackyGlory
📅︎ Feb 02 2021
🚨︎ report
Dimethylthiourea, a Hydroxyl Radical Scavenger, Impedes the Inactivation of Methionine Synthase by Nitrous Oxide in Mice sciencedirect.com/science…
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📅︎ Mar 05 2021
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Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions

A so‐called “GlycoComputer” program has been developed to foresee and predict the yield and stereoselectivity of glycosylation reactions based on the properties of various donors, acceptors, activation systems and solvents. The program statistically analyzes and compares the relative reactivity value (RRV) of donors and the acceptor nucleophilic constant (Aka) of acceptors.

Abstract

The stereoselectivity and yield in glycosylation reactions are paramount but unpredictable. We have developed a database of acceptor nucleophilic constants (Aka) to quantify the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups in glycosylation influenced by the steric, electronic and structural effects, providing a connection between experiments and computer algorithms. The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy. A diverse range of glycosylation donors and acceptors with well‐defined reactivity and promoters were organized and processed by the designed software program “GlycoComputer” for prediction of glycosylation reactions without involving sophisticated computational processing. The importance of Aka was further verified by random forest algorithm, and the applicability was tested by the synthesis of a Lewis A skeleton to show that the stereoselectivity and yield can be accurately estimated.

https://ift.tt/32BzYd2

👍︎ 2
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📅︎ Apr 21 2021
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OPTEC International, Inc. unveils new product called the "Hydroxyl" sterilization device (OPTEC UV-C) twitter.com/optecfuelintl…
👍︎ 18
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👤︎ u/Saca312
📅︎ Nov 13 2020
🚨︎ report
The first hydroxyl molecule signature in an exoplanet atmosphere scienceseeks.com/2021/04/…
👍︎ 21
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📅︎ Apr 29 2021
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I think you mean 4-hydroxyl-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
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📅︎ Feb 28 2021
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Hi guys, I’m sorry if this is a stupid question. I don’t understand what happens to the hydroxyl group bonded to carbon 3 in the sugar when it forms a phosphodiester bond ..?
👍︎ 112
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👤︎ u/AciJess
📅︎ Feb 16 2020
🚨︎ report
Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen to Hydroxyl Radicals via 3‐Electron Pathway with FeCo Alloy Encapsulated Carbon Aerogel for Fast and Complete Removing Pollutants

Hydroxyl radicals are efficiently and continuously generated from selective electrochemical reduction O2 via 3‐electron pathway with FeCoC electrode, overcoming the rate‐limiting step of electron transfer initiated by reduction‐/oxidation‐state cycle. Fast and complete removal of organics with the apparent rate constant of 1.44±0.04 min−1 represents high potential for practical water purification.

Abstract

We reported the selective electrochemical reduction of oxygen (O2) to hydroxyl radicals (.OH) via 3‐electron pathway with FeCo alloy encapsulated by carbon aerogel (FeCoC). The graphite shell with exposed ‐COOH is conducive to the 2‐electron reduction pathway for H2O2 generation stepped by 1‐electron reduction towards to .OH. The electrocatalytic activity can be regulated by tuning the local electronic environment of carbon shell with the electrons coming from the inner FeCo alloy. The new strategy of .OH generation from electrocatalytic reduction O2 overcomes the rate‐limiting step over electron transfer initiated by reduction‐/oxidation‐state cycle in Fenton process. Fast and complete removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved within 5 min in this proposed system, the apparent rate constant (kobs) was up to 1.44±0.04 min−1, which is comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art advanced oxidation processes. The degradation rate almost remains the same after 50 successive runs, suggesting the satisfactory stability for practical applications.

https://ift.tt/316h11v

👍︎ 2
💬︎
📅︎ Mar 23 2021
🚨︎ report
Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions

A so‐called “GlycoComputer” program has been developed to foresee and predict the yield and stereoselectivity of glycosylation reactions based on the properties of various donors, acceptors, activation systems and solvents. The program statistically analyzes and compares the relative reactivity value (RRV) of donors and the acceptor nucleophilic constant (Aka) of acceptors.

Abstract

The stereoselectivity and yield in glycosylation reactions are paramount but unpredictable. We have developed a database of acceptor nucleophilic constants (Aka) to quantify the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups in glycosylation influenced by the steric, electronic and structural effects, providing a connection between experiments and computer algorithms. The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy. A diverse range of glycosylation donors and acceptors with well‐defined reactivity and promoters were organized and processed by the designed software program “GlycoComputer” for prediction of glycosylation reactions without involving sophisticated computational processing. The importance of Aka was further verified by random forest algorithm, and the applicability was tested by the synthesis of a Lewis A skeleton to show that the stereoselectivity and yield can be accurately estimated.

https://ift.tt/32BzYd2

👍︎ 2
💬︎
📅︎ May 17 2021
🚨︎ report

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