Here's the wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_welfare_function

But I'm new to economics and still have zero idea thank you in advance

I've been reading into Ordinal Utility and Arrow's Social Welfare Function (hence the Impossibility Theorem). Is there a textbook or a paper that goes into how Arrow's SWF is used to maximise welfare and determine policy (at a macro level)? Like can the SWF be used to justify paying more into pensions or minimum wage?

Finally is my understanding of the Impossibility Theorem correct? I understand Arrow's constitution as: An ordinal ranking of preferences of individuals. With its (three) assumptions it shows that one person's preferences must be ranked more highly in relation to others which means for the constitution to work it requires a "dictatorship". Does that mean depending on who this "dictator" is, policy is determined by the preferences of that person?

But then can this be used to determine let's say minimum wage should exist or people should pay more into their pensions and so on. From my understanding of Arrow's constitution, I don't see what the implications of Arrow's Impossibility Theorem is, in a practical economic sense.

The purpose of the single free practice example is this right? Also, $30 just to see mean GPA/MCAT for each medical school.

It just seems so blatant lol. Opinions?

Edit: AND the $300 MCAT registration fee. I feel like that could be more justified though.

https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/08/sweden-1970s-democratic-socialism-olof-palme-lo

Was Sweden Headed Toward Socialism in the 1970s?

BYKJELL ÖSTBERG

Sweden’s extraordinary wave of reforms in the 1970s, an era of explosive radicalism, reveal the achievements — and the limits — of social democracy.

Some see it as a step to far, a straw that turned the Swedish populace against the sOCIAL DEMOCRATS reformist policies , others see it as that missing link that almost transformed capitalism into a bonifide form of Democratic Socialism

WHAT SAY YOU?

Sweden in the 1970s was the most advanced welfare society that had ever existed. The social reforms implemented during that decade were perhaps the most extensive ever seen. Over a period of ten years, the public sector’s share of GNP grew by 50 percent and a series of reforms vastly strengthened the position of wage earners in the labor market. Most of the reforms now associated with the Swedish welfare state — ranging from the health insurance system and parents’ allowances to daycare for all and free abortion — were initiated or implemented during a few years in the early and mid-1970s, an era symbolized by the radical social-democratic prime minister Olof Palme.

It is impossible to overstate social democracy’s importance to Sweden’s evolution during the 1970s. The social-democratic party had more than one million members, in a country with eight million inhabitants. In the early 1970s, the party had been in power for forty years and held control of most of Sweden’s large cities. It had strong youth and women’s organizations. The trade union movement, in particular the blue-collar workers’ union LO, organized close to 90 percent of the workforce.

Rising dissatisfaction in the workplace among social democracy’s key voters was a growing problem for the party and the LO. One aspect of this was the debate on excessive corporate profits that raged in Sweden in the early 1970s. Another was the demand for economic democracy.

In response, LO decided to appoint a committee led by its chief economist, Rudolf Meidner. Few Swedish books have influenced the social debate more than the modest 120-page document that the committee published in the autumn of 1975. The basic thrust of the text was that every year, a portion of the profits of Sweden’s large and medium-sized companies — in

Conservatives argue that they do have compassion for the poor, they just don't think that government should be involved the process, and that welfare is better handled by private donations through charities, churches, etc.

What's your take on that?

WARNING: This is an absolute unit of a post, so if you don't want to read it, I understand and recommend you click away.

It's become very popular in Ireland to bash those who live on social welfare. I was on social welfare for approx 6 years, and I have a few things to say about it. I was on Disability Allowance, and there was just no way I could work at that time. Almost everyone would say I was 'one of the good ones'. I had no income, no way of even trying to make an income, and it sucked balls.

But I have complete sympathy for those who are physically able to work and are in receipt of SW too. For a start, depending on your condition it can be incredibly difficult to get onto Disability Allowance. For whatever reason, I sent a doctor's letter off when I was 16 and was approved, no questions asked. Haven't so much as heard from them since then. But friends of mine are reviewed yearly, and inspectors come into their houses to see if they are living according to their income. They can't force entry like the guards obviously, but they schedule appointments, and if you don't cooperate, they cut you off. These inspections seem to happen most often to married people.

So there's a couple of people on Jobseekers' allowance with serious medical conditions, like depression, who couldn't convince the deciding officers to give them DA, at least not first time. I won't say there's a lot of them, as I have no concrete numbers, I'll just say I know a couple, so they could be rare as hen's teeth for all I know, but it does happen.

What I do have solid numbers for is unemployment. We were at our lowest unemployment in the history of the state just before Covid hit. In fact, according to economists, it is not desirable in most countries to go any lower than 4-5% because that generally indicates a lack of flexibility in the workforce. So we were basically at our ideal number for people who were eligible being in jobs.

I've had some angry replies when I point out this fact. Someone once said that there's a huge number of people on Jobseeker's who cheat the system by doing cash in hand work, but sure they would be included in that 4-5% anyway. It's hard, if not totally impossible, to find out who is "deserving" of jobseekers allowance out of the ~150,000 people on the live register in pre-Covid times. But when we take into account redundancies, short breaks between jobs, sackings, people leaving because of poor work conditions etc, we get down to 40,000 people who

Edit: So thanks to /u/Cerlancism for pointing out that you can actually hover over the number of upvotes the post has and it will tell you the % upvoted (on desktop). Still way more subtle and out of sight than it was before, idk if it works for mobile, and that is the sort of thing to be removed very easily with even less fanfare.

Edit: Ok so it's been several hours and it seems permanent (for me and a couple others who have commented). This post contains an observation which I editorialized by tying to GME (how it will make driving narratives easier). But this seems to be a new feature that will likely permanently replace the %upvoted stat (time will tell). If that happens, it will effect reddit as a whole. Furthermore, much of my observation of narratives is not isolated to GME but this is the community I am active on and which seems to be the most tuned in to this sort of corporate/PR interference with online discussion as GME has been the target of a "short and distort campaign" for months/years.

And if you are from all and think this doesn't happen on reddit, you probably weren't around to remember how well known gboob, who made a career out of explaining reddit to corporations, used to be. He isn't alone and the corporations don't pay reddit consultants for fun.

It must have worked for Youtube, so they are applying it here, though reddit has messed with obfuscating post karma in the past.

-----------------

This change plus that recent "REDDIT rEAlLY nEeds to gEt RiD of PoSt HisTorIES" posts are going to drive two massive changes that will make it way easier for shilling specific narratives or brands.

The fact that parade on wall street is banned from being linked sitewide, for supposedly "vote manipulating" while literal ads are sitting at 3k upvotes exactly almost permanently (which is obvious evidence of vote manipulation) just further my certainty that reddit is being primed for Wall street control (even more than they already are).

Edit: for those who don't see why this matters - upvote downvote percentage can be a good indicator of bot activity pumping or suppressing a topic.

Also, I'm on desktop and I use Brave with no reddit extensions and it says "x people here"

Others are reporting differently in the comments - this is just an FYI. Edit: I feel that this is likely due to a progressive rollout of a new feature, just like what happened on Youtube.

https://previe

Is it financially possible to have a Nation with Monero as its currency while all other nations deal with fiat? How would a government whose nation used Monero as a national currency function? Which service simply would have no funding i.e welfare?

As the title suggests, basically as long as social media has existed I start my day spending at least an hour scrolling the internet getting high off of new content. Getting on anxiety medication last year and has minimized the amount of time I need, but it's basically impossible for me to start my day without it. There's other things I'd like to do it's just meditation and reading and some type of physical activity such as yoga or stretching, but it's nearly impossible for me to put my phone down before a certain point. Is anyone else dealing with this?

Title pretty much sums up the question.

Employees are being fired with cause for declining to get the vaccine.

If the goal of these mandates is to stop the spread and for the greater good.

This isn’t supposed to be a “gotcha” question, genuinely interested in the thoughts on this and if you’d be on board for it.

Hello colleagues, friends and GenossInnen

as is to be expected, Austria is often enough not mentioned in this sub for its achievements in terms of Social Democracy. But what should I expect ...

To change this once again, I'd like to tell a bit about one of the movements most famous but often forgotten members here in Austria. A curious person that tried to escape his village a few times, a man that saw the real devastation of industrialisation and pre-war capitalism. One that would change a lot of things - which echo until today.

Let me tell you of Ferdinand Hanusch.

Birth and early upbringing

Ferdinand Hanusch was born on November 9th 1866 in Oberdorf bei Wigstadtl (today Vitkov in the Czech Republic), then part of Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire (only in 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire would be declared). His home region was only months before invaded by the Prusssians in the War of 1866, Wigstadtl was very close to the border to Prussian Silesia and known for its huge production of cloths.

His father soon died after his birth and Ferdinand grew up with three older brothers. Hanuschs mother was a Hausweberin or Hausarbeiterin (house weaver/house worker - meaning that she worked from her own home and not in a factory). Generally the family was poor and the children soon had to help contribute and earn money for their own survival. These memories lodged deep inside young Ferdinand - he went to basic school and found a love for reading which angered his mother.

Fleeing Vitkov - going on Walz

His first job was as a Hilfsarbeiter (unskilled worker) on the weaving machines in a cloth factory. [A little anecdote here: I share the same job title and description right now - I am currently a Hilfsarbeiter as a storage guy for a small electronics company in my home region.] This didn't satisfy young Ferdinand (at this time he was under 18 years old) so he left his home and went on Walz (better known as Wanderjahre - journeyman years, which were quite common in this time and can be seen from time to time in Germany and Austria).

For Ferdinand it was both an adventure as well as an escape from the dreadful state of affairs in his home region. He escaped three times - the first Walz at age 17 (1884) went via Odrau (Odry) and Tobitschau (Tovačov) to Kremiser (Kroměříž), via Göding (Hodonín*)* and Weikersdorf reaching Vienna/Floridsdorf. From Vienna he travelled thorugh Lower Austria and Styria to Cilli (Cel

Request: Social Welfare Policy in a Changing World Lane, Shannon, et al.

ISBN:  978-1544316185

Hello. I'm in receipt of carers allowance which is means tested. I'm considering investing in stocks and am aware that the amount invested in stocks come under capital. From what I understand there is a specific formula for investments such as stocks/crypto when it comes to means testing. Has anyone experience with this and how much it impacts?

Say for an example €1000 invested into an ETF fund.

Hope this makes sense.. thanks!