I realise the Rump was significantly powerful (they abolished the monarchy and house of lords for example), but did that translate into authority among citizens?
I am working on a research paper based on the Rump Parliament and i was hoping to find a source, preferably primary, that explains the cost of the wars fought in Ireland and England during this time period. Does anyone have any idea on where/what i should be searching. I have tried several databases and different search methods but i have come up with nothing.
The First Weltkrieg:
As Europe burned in the fire of the Great War, the United States of America prospered. President Wilson’s vow to remain neutral is what got him elected and he is sticking to it… mostly. The President is partial to the Entente and Kaiser Wilhelm II knows this. In a rare moment of intelligence, the Kaiser listened to his advisors and made the decision to not resume unrestricted submarine warfare and to begin massive propaganda operations inside the US, providing stark evidence of the hunger and hardship that the Entente blockade is inflicting on Central Europe to newspapers. Moved to action, wealthy German-Americans start a charity for German children, gathering clothes, toys and treats to be distributed as Christmas gifts. Tragedy struck when a Royal Navy submarine mistook their vessel, the SS George Washington, for a German ship and torpedoed it, taking it down with all hands.
The SS George Washington Before Being Sunk by a British Submarine
Confused initial reports implied that the sub had full knowledge that they were sinking an American vessel and even left drowning passengers to die in the North Atlantic. German spies and prominent yellow journalists such as William Randolph Hearst seized on the opportunity, and by the time the full story was revealed, public outrage had already reached a fever pitch. President Wilson implored the British to compromise and let non-war supplies through before Congress votes for sanctions or other punitive measures. With little choice, the blockade ceases counting farm products, foodstuffs, and other critical goods as war material, delivering the Central Powers from looming famine.
The mass media struck another killing blow to the interventionist cause in the Fall of 1917, when leaks from the FBI surrounding the investigation into the Black Tom Explosion implied that there was a belief the explosion had been orchestrated by foreign operatives. After the George Washington incident, hints of foreign action pointed squarely to the Entente and by the time official statements were put out, most of America believed the Entente was trying to spur the US into action by blaming sabotage on Imperial Germany.
The End of the War:
With the US firmly out of the war, famine and economic collapse staved off, and the Russian Revolution effectively ending the Eastern Fr
... keep reading on reddit ➡Seeing the new far right England leak I thought I would discuss some thoughts on them starting with John Tyndall.
The Man:
OTL John Tyndall was the head of the National Front in the 1970s (the peak of the NF) and prior was member and leader of several National Socialist organisations (after breaking off with Chesterton for not being hardline enough) alongside Colin Jordan until their relationship deteriorated over a number of political and personal problems - chiefly Tyndall was in a love triangle with Francaise Dior with Jordan and Tyndall also rejected Jordan's insistence on a "pure' German National Socialism and was instead in favour of a more 'British' National Socialism that would appeal to British politics and temperament. Tyndall when a member of the NSM with Jordan set up an SA equivalent called the 'Spearhead' and published a magazine until his death in 2005 of the same name.
Tyndall was often a powerful speaker, reminiscent of a more 'mans man', less aristocratic Mosley. Temperamentally he was congenial and sharp but was prone to undue optimism, making claims that NF was on the verge of victory in 'just another year', which would bring short term energy to his followers but would ultimately demoralise them when nothing came of it. He was also an ardent 'biological' racist to his death and had a deep nostalgia for the British Empire, monarchy and the Edwardian period.
Governing and policy:
Tyndall is liable to take the German model of National Socialism and Angloize it to be more palatable to the British people, which, in practice, would be putting the monarchy further to the front of politics (at least aesthetically) and gutting and reshaping British parliament into something that bears the name and titles of the old system but in practice works in a far more authoritarian manner which empowers the Prime minister to the level of the German Fuhrer (Tyndall wrote of liquidating parliament and replacing it with a simpler system as well as granting the Prime Minister unlimited time in power as well as giving them dictatorial power).
Socially just look to Nazi Germany. Eugenics, anti-homosexual, anti-semetic and racial law will be the standard. Unlike the Germans however, Tyndall was fine with poles and slavs so theres that.
Economically Tyndall believed in autarchy and advocated corporatism. No surprises here either. Oh, he also wanted to recolonise Africa and use the territory for Lebensbraun for the British people, which, for me, is th
... keep reading on reddit ➡Hello and welcome to the first CBtS Progress Report about Hungary. I’m NeuGemi, the developer for Hungary, here to give you a look at the common branches of Hungary.
Please keep in mind that Hungary is still in development and everything you see here may not be final!
https://preview.redd.it/9n84a2lnxky71.png?width=1217&format=png&auto=webp&s=696f9679c6bf85c1b23c349fd42be5ba96d25a49
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the First Hungarian Republic emerged. A short lived unrecognized state that would quickly be replaced by the even shorter lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, under the leadership of Bela kun. With the promise of restoring the former borders of Hungary, the newly proclaimed Soviet Republic launched invasions into Slovakia and Romania. Being completely outnumbered, the Hungarian Soviet Republic began losing ground and subsequently collapsed as Romanian forces reached Budapest.
The counter-movement to the communists, the National Army, led by Miklós Horthy now took command of the country. Hungary was yet again to return to a monarchy, but now under the leadership of admiral Miklós Horthy. Hungary was then to be slapped by the Entente’s signature move of devastating treaties, the Treaty of Trianon.
The ‘Horthy Era’ was to be plagued by two Habsburg attempts to reclaim the throne, a crippled economy and army, an archaic social structure and at last, something more akin to a national trauma, caused by the Treaty of Trianon, which led to literally all of their foreign policy centering around ways to revise this treaty.
Anyway, let’s take a look at Hungary’s starting position in 1933.
https://preview.redd.it/aqyvkvjoxky71.png?width=538&format=png&auto=webp&s=3d66ac041c0b8aebc38016afe877acd67cfc3711
The restrictions set on Hungary’s army by the Trianon Treaty after the Great War means the following:
- The military industry is to be under strict supervision.
- Changing any economic laws is forbidden.
- Conscription is forbidden.
- The production of armored vehicles, heavy artillery and aircraft is strictly forbidden.
https://preview.redd.it/muzm5gppxky71.png?width=386&format=png&auto=webp&s=0e59f39546c289f4cfed8e4d89a03ab0c3c6bbf3
So, as you can see, this spirit is quite devastating. You will however of course be able to cheat the treaty, something which is already in effect at start.
https://preview.redd.it/fbfcjygwxky71.png?width=320&format=png&auto=webp&s=5ae
... keep reading on reddit ➡I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.
Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.
The existence of regional forces strong enough to control the supposed center may make a coup impossible. If the regional or ethnic bloc is organized along tribal lines, the structures of its leadership will be too firm and intimate for a coup to function from within. There has never been a coup in Lebanon, for example... if one carried out a coup in Beirut, it would immediately lead to the collapse of the system... the coup would therefore only capture parts of Beirut and suburbs; it would probably be unable to retain control beyond that area.
--Edward Luttwak, Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook
"Who the hell would be stupid enough to launch a coup in Lebanon?" was the reigning question of the day. The answer was, rather unsurprisingly, the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Led by intellectual Antoun Saadeh, the SSNP had been agitating for years about how Lebanon was really just part of a Greater Syria [represented presently by the United Arab Republic, which was under the misguided impression that they were about a unified Arab state, as their brief coupling with Egypt demonstrated]. After the latest round of protests centering around some economic abuse by President Frangieh, handing off yet another national business to his cronies [perhaps more importantly, Christian Maronite cronies]--it didn't even really matter what--the SSNP decided, apparently, that this was the week to overthrow the government.
While their goose-stepping goons had seized all the official organs of the government with surprisingly little resistance; they found themselves in control of Beirut Central District and... well, not really anything else. The army was not in Beirut, nor any of the party militias. While they had managed to execute the odious President Frangieh, that was rather small consolation. Well, that and all the neat stuff they had looted from downtown. Still, with neither Prime Minister Rashid Karami or Defense Minister Fouad Chehab in their possession, they were in an awkward situation to say the least.
What the SSNP had completely failed to perceive in their scheming was that Lebanon was A) still essentially feudal in its political system and B) a tinderbox waiting for a single spark to set things off. As it turns out, launching a self-proclaimed coup, and killing the president, in Lebanon, is less like a spark in a tinderbox and more like firing a thermobaric rocket into a grade school.
The reactions came quickly. President Frangieh's s
... keep reading on reddit ➡"I believe that our forces will be greeted as liberators."
--unknown member of the National Command Council immediately before UAR forces entered Lebanon
Assad
Strictly speaking, Hafez al-Assad probably shouldn't have been in the cockpit. Good performance in the Syrian scuffle, being an Alawite, and a fair bit of luck (and political connections) had vaulted him to the position of Major-General in the UAR Air Force, and an important figure in the Ba'ath party. Still, with the practically festive atmosphere regarding Lebanon's incorporation into the UAR, and desiring to get one last piece of the action, he had wheedled his way into the cockpit of one of the Su-7s leading the charge into Lebanon. While Christian Maronites were admittedly rather more sympathetic targets than the Islamists of yore, they weren't exactly fluffy bunnies and they had made the choice to oppose the UAR over the wishes of their esteemed leader, Chehab.
The invasion had so far gone without a hitch, but after passing the town of Baalbek they were rapidly closing in on Maronite territory as they approached the passes leading to Zgharta and then Tripoli. Deir Al-Ahmar, though, was shaping up to be a completely different story, and intelligence suggested the Maronites had heavily fortified the gateway to the mountains. No matter; that was his job to help deal with; cruising in with 11 other Su-7s over the floor of the Bekaa Valley loaded down with 500kg bombs. It wasn't very interesting work; and really he would rather have sent in the Tu-16s; but the Air Force was apparently reluctant to risk their prized Soviet bombers for this mission.
Scanning his surroundings, he could have sworn he saw another plane at his 11, where it shouldn't have been. Looked like a MiG-21; which was odd since they hadn't been given a CAP. And why was it headed roughly perpendicular to them... kind of slow, too, and stubby and wait "BREAK!" he heard screamed over the radio as Assad pickled his bomb load on some poor farmer and throttled up, climbing into the sky, running like hell to home.
Hawkeye
It had been a long struggle to get into the Israeli Air Force, and while piloting an A-4 wasn't the most glamorous of jobs, it had its own pleasures. The little jet was light, spritely, maneuverable, forgiving and honest--a joy to fly, really. His stint as a paratrooper had given him some appreciation for the man on the ground and it was good work; supporting your comrades fighting the good fight d
... keep reading on reddit ➡21 years ago, the last holdover in Eastern Europe fell to the west. On the 5th of October, 2000; a US backed colour revolution toppled the ruling Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS).
After the coup’s and colour revolutions of 1989-1991, only one state found itself with a reformed Communist party still in power, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Under pressure from the disintegration of the Warsaw pact states and from the west, the ruling Yugoslav League of Communists decided to introduce a multi party system. The always more liberal republics of Croatia and Slovenia went through elections the earliest and the newly created secessionist liberal parties took the victory in early 1990. They were heavily backed and pushed by the US and Germany to secede. Apparently a plan was formed in the US in 1984 to overthrow the communists in Yugoslavia and integrate it with the rest of Europe. The disintegration in the rest of East Europe made this a lot easier. They figured the EU would give them a part of the superprofits expropriated from the 3rd world and Croatia specifically could also get help dealing with the “Serbian question” and they were right. These 2 now constitute a Balkan periphery of both the EU and NATO. Now of course the Yugoslav constitution gave the right to secede to all peoples but the Republics of Croatia and later Bosnia discarded this principle when it became a burden. The dismemberment of Yugoslavia in 1991-92 happened best described under the motto of “national self determination but only when it benefits my nation”. When the Serb majority areas in these states decided that they would rather stay part of Yugoslavia, the newly formed republics went to war to stop them. As Michael Parenti jokingly noted:
>Clearly, the "right to self-determination" did not apply to the Serbs.
The new “independent” states were chauvinistic, Zionist (in the case of Bosnia) and in service to western finance capital; open flag bearers for fascism.
First attempt to break pro Yugoslav forces
Meanwhile Serbia and Montenegro went through elections at the very end of the year in 1990. The US threatening to cut off all aid if elections were not held might have had something to do with this. The Socialist Party won in Serbia, as stated previously, and the League of Communists won in Montenegro. As early as March, 1991, a counter revolution with support from western powers was attempted in the only
... keep reading on reddit ➡Do your worst!
They were cooked in Greece.
I'm surprised it hasn't decade.
Don't you know a good pun is its own reword?
Two muffins are in an oven, one muffin looks at the other and says "is it just me, or is it hot in here?"
Then the other muffin says "AHH, TALKING MUFFIN!!!"
For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.
I said "hey look, an escaPEA"
No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!
Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂
It really does, I swear!
Because she wanted to see the task manager.
But that’s comparing apples to oranges
Heard they've been doing some shady business.
And boy are my arms legs.
but then I remembered it was ground this morning.
Edit: Thank you guys for the awards, they're much nicer than the cardboard sleeve I've been using and reassures me that my jokes aren't stale
Edit 2: I have already been made aware that Men In Black 3 has told a version of this joke before. If the joke is not new to you, please enjoy any of the single origin puns in the comments
They’re on standbi
A play on words.
Battle of Baja
The first large scale engagement of the Western Theatre would be a naval one. The Panama Canal was, at that time, still under the control of Federalist forces and while the Atlantic theatre was dominated by an icy standoff between the Royal Navy and the Union of Britain's PLN, a sizable fleet remained at the command of MacArthur's junta.
On February 2, 1938, the Federal navy under the command of William Halsey Jr. fell upon a squadron a few miles off the shore of San Diego. The attack sent shockwaves through the Pacific States, which had previously been spared the chaos that pervaded the rest of the country. President Frank Merriam personally called on acting Chief of Naval Operations Chester W. Nimitz, telling him that this would be the Pacific Fleet's trial by fire, determining whether or not they could be trusted going forward.
After scourging the coast for a few days, on February 6, Halsey's fleet began to make it's way south along the Baja Penninsula. On the 8th, Halsey found himself caught between two halves of Nimitz's fleet, his own ships stretched in a thin line, leaving them open to attack over a wide area. While both commanders would wake away from the battle unscathed, some twenty thousand Americans would be killed or injured, the Pacific fleet lost ten ships and the Federals thirty, with another five captured. Afterwards, Halsey would limp off to the Canal while Nimitz returned in triumph to Sacramento^(1).
This would the last time that the Federal and Pacific fleets had a meaningful exchange. Though MacArthur would urge King Edward to direct the Royal Navy based in Australia to move against Pacific sea lanes, the King's military advisors considered it a needless waste of resources. By the Fall, the Panama Canal would be under the control of the Provisional Government. The daring of this operation, executed under the command of then Captain Sid McMath's Marines, needn't be repeated here, for it has been dramatized and recorded extensively, as is appropriate for one of the events that helped make McMath the titan he became and remains in the history of the United States.
The March to the Mississippi
The Provisional Government's strategy for the war was rather simple: while the insurrectionists and the putschists were busy beating the hell out of each other in the East, the thrown-together forces of the Provisional Army would seize great swathes of western land, sweeping away small federal garrisons and partisan mil
... keep reading on reddit ➡My daughter, Chewbecca, not so much.
Pilot on me!!
Nothing, he was gladiator.
And now I’m cannelloni
Or would that be too forward thinking?
