Multi-step reaction kinetics and kinetic proofreading

I'm reading this article and I'm trying to follow the derivations, so far not having much success. They define the likelihood of a reactant Ci of proceeding to the next step, Ci+1 as Kp/(Kp+K-1). Intuitively, this makes some sense - Kp is the number of forward events per unit time, K-1 is the number of revers events, so the quantity they define comes to (forward events per unit time)/(total events per unit time) or the probability of a forward event. On board with that. They say however that the last step is different - here the equivalent constant is simply Kp/K-1. Couple of things to note - I do understand that the first constant is under a steady state assumption, and I realise that must break down for the last step since the final component doesn't go anywhere. I also recognise that Kp/K-1 is an equilibrium constant. I don't understand why the reasoning about forward events per unit time over total is no longer applicable however; it seems like this reasoning still applies.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/omgpop
πŸ“…︎ Mar 27 2015
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Can't Do That With a Laser

Alternative title: why kinetic weapons are superior.

Hello. Obligatory "long-time lurker, first time posting, English isn't my native language" disclaimer.

The following story is my attempt to do HFY in a realistic hard-scifi universe while also playing around with some interesting ideas that have been theorised for real-life space warfare. Those all come in latter part of the story, however; the first few paragraphs are intentionally unrealistic and lead the reader to the wrong conclusions, as it is written from the perspective of a not-so-bright alien race which had gotten stuck in a kind of local maximum of weapons technology.

I've done my best to proofread this, but I'm sure a few grammatical errors have slipped by. If you notice any please call me illiterate in the comments.

Any constructive criticism is welcome, especially in regards to my writing style. I myself feel it's a bit overly dramatic, but I decided to roll with it anyway.

Hope you enjoy.

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Long before my kind left the embrace of our warm sandy world, we dreamed of the great beyond and its wonders. The void called to us like a desert begging to be crossed. We obsessed over it, let it guide us forward and fill our imagination. Our science, culture, politics; all dedicated to a single goal. The stars were ours. It was our destiny.

Our works of fiction spoke of horrible alien creatures; entire civilizations from worlds far away. But they were not like us - visionaries and builders. They were mere monsters seeking only to subjugate and destroy. We engaged them in grand battles over our beautiful world, always winning by the tip of our whiskers. The battling ships would fly around each other like birds of prey fighting in the sky, each attempting to outmaneuver the other. As our technology advanced the first battle in space eventually occurred, but the enemy were not bloodthirsty aliens set on our destruction; merely a rogue colony demanding independence. The battles that ensued were quite different from what we had imagined.

Without the interference of our planet's atmosphere, our sensors could now detect enemy craft at distances never before possible, and without atmospheric drag our projectiles could fly effectively forever. Unlike in our fictional stories; these battles took place over such distance that the opponents could not even see each other, their crew relying purely on the ship's sensors. Anyone foolis

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ‘€︎ u/a_bored_nerd
πŸ“…︎ Jan 07 2022
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SERIOUS: This subreddit needs to understand what a "dad joke" really means.

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/anywhereiroa
πŸ“…︎ Jan 15 2022
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{OC. Norfolk. SI} Tricolore of the Stars-A Azur lane Fanfiction:Chapter 26 Ko-Ji Excessus Pt1

Notes

I am overdue by this one. But I had kebab a lot last new year's eve and I am now trying to draw with no experience from scratch. Plus I needed to catch up with my own projects like a potential campaign for PMMM! That, and playing a lot of 4X galactic games and multiplayer isn't kind on one's time budget.

But anyway! I am back! And here's another 5519 word chapter to sate your hunger from my adventures so far. I've had time to get in contact with someone who beta-reads. However, as of this moment they aren't available. so you have to deal with what i could put together for now. Still, between my new proofreading friends and my newfound interest in drawing on a phone. maybe you will get to see some fan-art of myself as Norfolk (Alsace and Facade dropped/transformed vers). as... bad as they might be?

And before you ask, I am well aware of these KMS shipboys and all these hyper-weapon-revolutions that are sometimes asked if they could have turned things around for germany in such a late stage. Sometimes it can be quite goat-laugh inducing. I mean. all APC shells tend to have HE filler. so the fact that H44 has a APHE shell is... logic engine error? Why not use RAPs and highly durable High Hardness steel armor of the 1970s that solved the fragility problem during WW2 with a softer basic plate?

And yes. I don't use RNG dices around here. It would be just too unpredictable. Instead, If Black Shift DOES happen (My partner is making a resolution to try and stick around this time) It will probably be more like Narrative RP where the situation. creativity with our abilities and careful planning, or simply abusing magical abilities to the extreme (Repurposing Axel Shooter or Madoka's homing arrow to target hypersonic SR-72 aircraft. weaponizing barriers as blunt energy hammers. rewriting shipgirl consciousnesses to force them to be loyal, Jump Pointing and Jump point Tunneling through walls. My partner has expressed an interest in using Yukari yakumo's powerset due to their background) will be more than enough. that is... Until Azur lane starts tampering with bizarre. barely predictable stuff.

"The Imperium of Man stands as a cautionary tale of what could happen should the very worst of Humanity's lust for power and extreme, unyielding xenophobia set in."
- Official Games Workshop Statement on 40K.

---------------------------

So you know how I started this mission out with at least 10 shipgirls. reinforced by another 30+ each fleet fr

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ‘€︎ u/marco147
πŸ“…︎ Jan 10 2022
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Ch 455: Ten Minutes

Although she had mentally prepared herself for what was to come, when she really arrived at the scene, Ch'en was shocked.

In front of her were bodies of dead people.

"This..." She looked around in shock, "How can this happen?"

The officers of the L.G.D. who came with her couldn't believe their eyes.

"Who did this?!" Ch'en pressed her lips tightly, did not speak, just made a gesture to block the scene to her subordinate.

The officers of the L.G.D. immediately took action.

With them busy doing their job, she was standing at the entrance, frowning and observing the whole situation. She scanned the hall and something caught her attention.

A man that was wearing Rhodes Island's uniform. She immediately went to his side.

"There is someone alive here!" Ch'en found Ranger who had been treated by Lin Ye, resting on the wall not far from the scene. After checking how he was, she immediately barked out orders, "Get send him to the hospital, quick!"

The officer next to her nodded immediately. However, as soon as she got off the phone, she was stopped by Ch'en before she could make the call.

"Don't make an emergency call, it's too slow," Ch'en said. Then she pointed at the people nearest to her, "You two, hurry up and drive him to the hospital."

The guards in question were stunned.

"Us? But Sir Ch'en, he is already manned now," One of them tried to explain, "In addition, we are not enough-."

"Call Swire and ask her to transfer someone to deal with the scene!" Ch'en simply ordered, "Leave other things aside. Those thugs are much worse than the flood. We absolutely will not let them leave Lungmen."

Then she remembered something and called one of her team members, "Afa! Have you found the way they left?"

"Yes, Sir." An officer named Afa saluted Ch'en, ''I found some car marks at the back door of the building"

"Car marks?" Ch'en raised her eyebrows, "He wouldn't ..."

Ch'en left the scene immediately and walked to the back door of the building.

When she opened it, she saw car marks that were not washed away by heavy rain.

The tracks lead to the slum.

She immediately realized something, and couldn’t help holding her forehead, and muttered to herself.

"Is this guy a moron?"

Just when her voice fell off, she suddenly felt something on her waist.

She lowered her head subconsciously and saw, hanging on her waist, Chi Xiao was not acting normal.

It was trembling slightly.

As if it was about to itself out of its sheath at any moment.

**{Rhodes I

... keep reading on reddit ➑

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Jaqqy01
πŸ“…︎ Jan 08 2022
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Just because it's a joke, doesn't mean it's a dad joke

Alot of great jokes get posted here! However just because you have a joke, doesn't mean it's a dad joke.

THIS IS NOT ABOUT NSFW, THIS IS ABOUT LONG JOKES, BLONDE JOKES, SEXUAL JOKES, KNOCK KNOCK JOKES, POLITICAL JOKES, ETC BEING POSTED IN A DAD JOKE SUB

Try telling these sexual jokes that get posted here, to your kid and see how your spouse likes it.. if that goes well, Try telling one of your friends kid about your sex life being like Coca cola, first it was normal, than light and now zero , and see if the parents are OK with you telling their kid the "dad joke"

I'm not even referencing the NSFW, I'm saying Dad jokes are corny, and sometimes painful, not sexual

So check out r/jokes for all types of jokes

r/unclejokes for dirty jokes

r/3amjokes for real weird and alot of OC

r/cleandadjokes If your really sick of seeing not dad jokes in r/dadjokes

Punchline !

Edit: this is not a post about NSFW , This is about jokes, knock knock jokes, blonde jokes, political jokes etc being posted in a dad joke sub

Edit 2: don't touch the thermostat

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πŸ‘€︎ u/CzarcasmRules
πŸ“…︎ Jan 23 2022
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I’ve got this disease where I can’t stop making airport puns.

The doctor says it terminal.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/xIR0NPULSE
πŸ“…︎ Jan 28 2022
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I heard that by law you have to turn on your headlights when it’s raining in Sweden.

How the hell am I suppose to know when it’s raining in Sweden?

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πŸ‘€︎ u/justshtmypnts
πŸ“…︎ Jan 25 2022
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Puns make me numb

Mathematical puns makes me number

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πŸ‘€︎ u/tadashi4
πŸ“…︎ Jan 26 2022
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So my mom is getting her foot cut off today.. (really)

We told her she can lean on us for support. Although, we are going to have to change her driver's license, her height is going down by a foot. I don't want to go too far out on a limb here but it better not be a hack job.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Slimybirch
πŸ“…︎ Jan 27 2022
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Petition to ban rants from this sub

Ants don’t even have the concept fathers, let alone a good dad joke. Keep r/ants out of my r/dadjokes.

But no, seriously. I understand rule 7 is great to have intelligent discussion, but sometimes it feels like 1 in 10 posts here is someone getting upset about the jokes on this sub. Let the mods deal with it, they regulate the sub.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/drak0ni
πŸ“…︎ Jan 24 2022
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French fries weren’t cooked in France.

They were cooked in Greece.

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πŸ“…︎ Jan 20 2022
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This subreddit is 10 years old now.

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/frexyincdude
πŸ“…︎ Jan 14 2022
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Why does Spider-Man's calendar only have 11 months?

He lost May

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Toku-Nation
πŸ“…︎ Jan 26 2022
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When I was a single man, I had loads of free time.

Now that I listen to albums, I hardly ever leave the house.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/porichoygupto
πŸ“…︎ Jan 25 2022
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You've been hit by
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πŸ‘€︎ u/mordrathe
πŸ“…︎ Jan 20 2022
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I'm sick of you guys posting dumb wordplay in here for awards and upvotes.

Don't you know a good pun is its own reword?

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πŸ‘€︎ u/diggitygiggitycee
πŸ“…︎ Jan 21 2022
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My 4 year oldest favourit joke, which he very proudly memorized and told all his teachers.

Two muffins are in an oven, one muffin looks at the other and says "is it just me, or is it hot in here?"

Then the other muffin says "AHH, TALKING MUFFIN!!!"

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πŸ‘€︎ u/smoffatt34920
πŸ“…︎ Jan 22 2022
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Dropped my best ever dad joke & no one was around to hear it

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies πŸ˜‚

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Vegetable-Acadia
πŸ“…︎ Jan 11 2022
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What starts with a W and ends with a T

It really does, I swear!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/PsychedeIic_Sheep
πŸ“…︎ Jan 13 2022
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My wife left me because I couldn’t stop doing impressions of pasta

And now I’m cannelloni

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πŸ‘€︎ u/bluestratmatt
πŸ“…︎ Jan 23 2022
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Why did Karen press Ctrl+Shift+Delete?

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Eoussama
πŸ“…︎ Jan 17 2022
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Steve JOBS would have made a better President than Donald Trump

But that’s comparing apples to oranges

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Ok-Ingenuity4838
πŸ“…︎ Jan 22 2022
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I just flew in from Chernobyl

And boy are my arms legs.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/JhopkinsWA
πŸ“…︎ Jan 23 2022
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My 7 year old daughter just told me this one. I'm so proud. What did the duck say when he bought chapstick?

Put it on my bill

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πŸ‘€︎ u/BigRedHusker_X
πŸ“…︎ Jan 26 2022
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So 2 trees got arrested in the town I live...

Heard they've been doing some shady business.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/K1ll47h3K1n9
πŸ“…︎ Jan 18 2022
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No gains
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πŸ‘€︎ u/ridi86
πŸ“…︎ Jan 22 2022
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I was almost upset that my coffee tasted like dirt today

but then I remembered it was ground this morning.

Edit: Thank you guys for the awards, they're much nicer than the cardboard sleeve I've been using and reassures me that my jokes aren't stale

Edit 2: I have already been made aware that Men In Black 3 has told a version of this joke before. If the joke is not new to you, please enjoy any of the single origin puns in the comments

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πŸ‘€︎ u/scarf_spheal
πŸ“…︎ Jan 19 2022
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How eggs-traordinary
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Rix27_
πŸ“…︎ Jan 21 2022
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Duckduckgo
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πŸ‘€︎ u/findmebatman
πŸ“…︎ Jan 28 2022
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Geometry sucks
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Kash30
πŸ“…︎ Jan 25 2022
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What is the scariest tree?

BamBOO!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/K1ll47h3K1n9
πŸ“…︎ Jan 18 2022
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What is a a bisexual person doing when they’re not dating anybody?

They’re on standbi

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Toby-the-Cactus
πŸ“…︎ Jan 12 2022
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My ten-year-old daughter came up with this at dinner tonight: What do you get if put a copy of Macbeth on top of a dictionary?

A play on words.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/ah1887
πŸ“…︎ Jan 20 2022
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A queen size statement.
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Flight-less
πŸ“…︎ Jan 22 2022
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Did you know all dogs are made up of only 3 elements?

Calcium, nickel, neon

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πŸ‘€︎ u/redneckvet
πŸ“…︎ Jan 25 2022
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Orion's belt
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πŸ‘€︎ u/mordrathe
πŸ“…︎ Jan 25 2022
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Geddit? No? Only me?
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πŸ‘€︎ u/shampy311
πŸ“…︎ Dec 28 2021
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My son, Luke, loves how I named our kids after Star Wars characters...

My daughter, Chewbecca, not so much.

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πŸ‘€︎ u/andersonfmly
πŸ“…︎ Jan 21 2022
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I wanna hear your best airplane puns.

Pilot on me!!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Paulie_Felice
πŸ“…︎ Jan 07 2022
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E or ß?
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πŸ‘€︎ u/Amazekam
πŸ“…︎ Jan 03 2022
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Which actor drives the least?

Christopher Walken

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πŸ‘€︎ u/TR1771N
πŸ“…︎ Jan 18 2022
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Blind Girl Here. Give Me Your Best Blind Jokes!

Do your worst!

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πŸ‘€︎ u/Leckzsluthor
πŸ“…︎ Jan 02 2022
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