Link directly downloads a pdf. It's a Google link.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.azargoshnasp.net/history/Aryan/mitanniaryanpantheons.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wuZbYLXcKJ-R6rQPps2BmAE&scisig=AAGBfm1x3HLGZG715sKJjQY_KhxM5w1EPQ&nossl=1&oi=scholarr
In this post, one of the users says that the prefixes and suffixes of common Mitanni-Aryan names don't occur in early Rig Vedic texts, but only in later Rig Vedic texts. They go on to say this:
> The above evidence is not partial or ambiguous. It is clear and sweeping: the elements of the culture common to the Rigveda and the Mitanni are not pre-Rigvedic (formed during some hypothetical period in Central Asia before the "arrival" of the Indo-Aryans "into" India). They are Late Rigvedic, i.e. they belong to the period of composition of the New Books.
I know that the Out of India Theory isn't widely accepted, but this is an interesting claim, and I didn't find any sources online that refute or support this claim.
Is this true? Do we have any evidence which says that the Mitanni speak the late Rig Vedic Sanskrit?
Mittani appear to be a ruling elite who ruled over Hurrian people living in Northern Iraq and Syria. From their names and gods we can sure say that these people were outsides and not native to those land. They had mostly entered the region from the East.
Here is an evidence of Westward movement to those that confounds the traditional views that Vedic People moved eastward into India rather than the other way around.
In the same region today lives the Yezidi people around Northern Iraq, parts of Armenia and Eastern Turkey. Similar today's Hindus Yezidis also believe in reincarnation and avatars, they pray facing the sun at dawn and dusk.
Their temples have conical spires which looks very similar to Hindu temples. The "Peak Angel" plays an important role their and peacock is native to India. Many say the Yezidis themselves believe that they came to Middle East from India around 4000 years ago. And there are enough evidence that the Harappan Civilization begin to disintegrate during these period.
The Chermera Temple, or "40 Men Temple", on the highest peak of the Sinjar Mountains in northern Iraq. The temple is so old that no one remembers how it came to have that name, but it is believed to derive from the burial of forty men on the mountaintop site
Chermera Templeon the highest peak of the Sinjar Mountains in northern Iraq
The Yazidi consider TawΓ»sΓͺ Melek an emanation of God and a good, benevolent angel and leader of the archangels, who was entrusted to take care of the world after he passed a test and created the cosmos from the Cosmic egg.
Yazidi consider TawΓ»sΓͺ Melek an emanation of God
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitanni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitanni-Aryan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis#/media/File:YezidiTemple.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melek_Taus#/media/File:Tausi-Malek.png
Book - Land of Seven Rivers , Sanjeev Sanyal
The Kingdom of Mittani, known to the people of the land, and the Assyrians, as Hanigalbat and to the Egyptians as Naharin and Metani, once stretched from present-day northern Iraq, down through Syria and into Turkey and was considered a great nation. Few records of the people themselves exist today but correspondence between kings of Mitanni and those of Assyria and Egypt, as well as the worldβs oldest horse training manual, give evidence of a prosperous nation which thrived between 1500 and 1240 BCE. In the year 1350 BCE Mitanni was powerful enough to be included in the 'Great Powers Club' along with Egypt, the Kingdom of the Hatti, Babylonia and Assyria.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkLgipK7ypA
There seems to be a common sequence of events throughout the past 6000~ years of human history.
Warlike, Equine-centric pastoralist society (referred to henceforth as Ξ©) develops somewhere in the resource-scarce Trans-Eurasian Steppe, growing in population.
Ξ© is forced to migrate due to climate shift or conflict with enemy tribe.
Ξ© explodes into the Europe through the Eastern plains and/or Central Asia, South Asia and the Middle East, sometimes East Asia, causing widespread destruction to the prior civilization and establishing a sedentary political or military state.
From this point one of two things tends to happen:
-
Ξ© significantly affects the genetic, cultural and sometimes linguistic makeup of the conquered land, and becomes the dominant ethno-cultural identity (Indo-Europeans having the greatest overall impact in their migration, followed by Turko-Mongols).
-
Ξ© marginally affects the society to an unknown extent but is shaken off or swept away by some other invading force (Huns, Yuezhi, Mongols in Eastern Europe, etc)
The way in which these wayward horse-riding societies systematically and strategically defeated entire civilizations seems almost baffling. The Golden Horde only stopped it's invasion into Western Europe due to the death of a leader, the Huns during most of Attila's reign were nearly unstoppable, the Turko-Mongols completely flooded Transoxiania and the impact of the Indo-Europeans was so great that their ancestry and language can be found in nearly all European, Persian and South Asian countries
My simple question is why? Why do these often stateless, nomadic horse-riding societies always seem to have such a military advantage over their enemies? Why were invasions from the steppe so common but invasions or retaliations ONTO the steppe so rare? (If I'm not mistaken the first and only country to truly conquer the steppe from the outside was Russia). Was it a difference in numbers? Did these nomadic invasions tend to occur after a spike in births and population growth? Were the sedentary populations just not prepared to do battle with fast-moving horseback Nomads who's societies were based on warfare? Why did Steppe Invaders always get such success, at least up until the Middle Ages?
Hi /r/armenia,
I've been reading a lot about the Urartians and Hurrio-Mitanni lately. It seems there is not a general consensus about the roles that these groups played in the ethno-genesis of the Armenian people. Armenians frequently claim that we are the direct cultural, genetic, and ethnic descendents of these ancient kingdoms from the Armenian Highlands. However, there are conflicting theories that suggest that Armenians (or at least the language) originated in the Balkans with the Armen tribe, a people related to the Phrygians and proto-Greeks.
A lot of the information online is at least a decade old, so I'm wondering what the current consensus is regarding our relationship with Hurrio-Urartian and Mitanni peoples, especially after [Khorenatsi's claims of a 2492 B.C founding of the Armenian nation] (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/11/science/study-backs-5th-century-historians-date-for-founding-of-armenia.html?_r=0) and the theory that the Indo-European linguistic family originated in the Armenian Highlands have gained credence lately?
Are we Hurrio-Urartians? If so, what role did the Armens actually play in the history of the Armenian people? How did the Indo-European language supplant the non-Indo-European Hurrian and Urartian languages? Is there any validity to the Chechen claims of descent from Hurrio-Urartians?
I've long been puzzled by the northern Mesopotamian kingdom of Mitanni, whose elite are generally believed to have spoken an Indo-Aryan language. My impression is that the division of Indo-Iranian was on an east-west basis, with the varieties of the Iranian plateau evolving into Iranian, and those of the Indian subcontinent evolving into Indo-Aryan β as depicted here or here. So how did Indo-Aryan speakers manage to get so far west, seemingly having skipped over the entire Iranian area?
(I was thinking of posting this in /r/askanthropology or /r/askhistorians, but since the main focus of my question is linguistic, I figured this sub would be best.)
The Kingdom of Mittani, known to the people of the land, and the Assyrians, as Hanigalbat and to the Egyptians as Naharin and Metani, once stretched from present-day northern Iraq, down through Syria and into Turkey and was considered a great nation. Few records of the people themselves exist today but correspondence between kings of Mitanni and those of Assyria and Egypt, as well as the worldβs oldest horse training manual, give evidence of a prosperous nation which thrived between 1500 and 1240 BCE. In the year 1350 BCE Mitanni was powerful enough to be included in the 'Great Powers Club' along with Egypt, the Kingdom of the Hatti, Babylonia and Assyria.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkLgipK7ypA
Mittani appear to be a ruling elite who ruled over Hurrian people living in Northern Iraq and Syria. From their names and gods we can sure say that these people were outsides and not native to those land. They had mostly entered the region from the East.
Here is an evidence of Westward movement to those that confounds the traditional views that Vedic People moved eastward into India rather than the other way around.
In the same region today lives the Yezidi people around Northern Iraq, parts of Armenia and Eastern Turkey. Similar today's Hindus Yezidis also believe in reincarnation and avatars, they pray facing the sun at dawn and dusk.
Their temples have conical spires which looks very similar to Hindu temples. The "Peak Angel" plays an important role their and peacock is native to India. Many say the Yezidis themselves believe that they came to Middle East from India around 4000 years ago. And there are enough evidence that the Harappan Civilization begin to disintegrate during these period.
The Chermera Temple, or "40 Men Temple", on the highest peak of the Sinjar Mountains in northern Iraq. The temple is so old that no one remembers how it came to have that name, but it is believed to derive from the burial of forty men on the mountaintop site
Chermera Templeon the highest peak of the Sinjar Mountains in northern Iraq
The Yazidi consider TawΓ»sΓͺ Melek an emanation of God and a good, benevolent angel and leader of the archangels, who was entrusted to take care of the world after he passed a test and created the cosmos from the Cosmic egg.
Yazidi consider TawΓ»sΓͺ Melek an emanation of God
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitanni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitanni-Aryan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis#/media/File:YezidiTemple.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melek_Taus#/media/File:Tausi-Malek.png
Book - Land of Seven Rivers , Sanjeev Sanyal
