Lithium Tokamak Experiment Puns

Hi Reddit, we're a team of plasma physicists at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics that has 2 branches in Garching (near Munich) and Greifswald (in northern Germany). We've recently launched our fusion experiment Wendelstein 7-X in Greifswald after several years of construction and are excited about its ongoing first operation phase. In the first week of February, we created our first hydrogen plasma and had Angela Merkel press our big red button. We've noticed a lot of interest on reddit about fusion in general and our experiment following the news, so here we are to discuss anything and everything plasma and fusion related!

Here's a nice article with a cool video that gives an overview of our experiment. And here is the ceremonial first hydrogen plasma that also includes a layman's presentation to fusion and our experiment as well as a view from the control room.

Answering your questions today will be:

Prof Thomas Sunn Pedersen - head of stellarator edge and divertor physics (ts, will drop by a bit later)

Michael Drevlak - scientist in the stellarator theory department (md)

Ralf Kleiber - scientist in the stellarator theory department (rk)

Joaquim Loizu - postdoc in stallarator theory (jl)

Gabe Plunk - postdoc in stallarator theory (gp)

Josefine Proll - postdoc in stellarator theory (jp) (so many stellarator theorists!)

Adrian von Stechow - postdoc in laboratory astrophyics (avs)

Felix Warmer (fw)

We will be going live at 13:00 UTC (8 am EST, 5 am PST) and will stay online for a few hours, we've got pizza in the experiment control room and are ready for your questions.

EDIT 12:29 UTC: We're slowly amassing snacks and scientists in the control room, stay tuned! http://i.imgur.com/2eP7sfL.jpg

EDIT 13:00 UTC: alright, we'll start answering questions now!

EDIT 14:00 UTC: Wendelstein cookies! http://i.imgur.com/2WupcuX.jpg

EDIT 15:45 UTC: Alright, we're starting to thin out over here, time to pack up! Thanks for all the questions, it's been a lot of work but also good fun!

For a while now, I've wanted to try integrating a permanent rechargeable battery solution to my custom black & yellow Game Gear. The idea was to use a stock power board and BMS to do it. But the way the stock board normally works wasn't going to cut it. Finally got some time a few days ago to plan out what modifications needed to be made. Turns out, not all that much! So today, I grabbed a board that's in not-so-great shape, patched it up and modified it. Not fully tested, so maybe it's too early to even post about it. But, it's working ok on the workbench so far, and I thought it was interesting enough for discussion. All caveats apply, lithium cells are sensitive to punctures, risk of fire, don't try this at home, etc.

The gist is to make sure that plugging the Game Gear into the wall will charge the batteries, even if the power switch is off. I basically took what I learned from modding the two external battery packs I've done so far and applied that here. There's not that much to know, really! I am thinking that I should probably have some voltage regulation to the cells because the Sega power bricks are all over the map when it comes to output voltage. I did this in both battery pack mods to be safe.

Feedback welcome.

Edit: I forgot to mention that I'm severing that trace above the battery terminal because I'm thinking about using 14500 cells across the terminals, so I'd connect B+ & B- there. Has the potential for a 2S3P pack that has the same footprint as the AA batteries that the GG originally took. Would require further modifications to the terminals and the wiring.

So, I was reading this: https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/08/02/a-chemical-hunger-part-vii-lithium/ and while there's a lot going on there, the key takeaway is that the author is saying there's lithium in everyone's water. Just for kicks, I'd like to test to see if I can remove it from my current (city) water supply and to see what happens.

What would be the best way to go about this? I'm currently looking at stuff like this (https://qualitywaterlab.com/whole-house/) but I don't know if that's overkill (or would miss taking out the Li) . Any recommendations?

I suffer from ADHD. I've tried everything under the sun, the last one being lithium. My lithium arrives next week, and I'm hoping this will be it. I will be able to fully finish tasks at hand and have my life organized. No more cluttered rooms, archived tabs and pending tasks. That's my pipe dream.

Please share you experience with Lithium Orotate.

Mg-doped Li with about 5 wt. % Mg (Li-Mg5) has the lowest absorption-energy of Li from density functional theory calculations. Experimental tests demonstrate that Li-Mg5 exhibits superior cycling stability to pure Li and Li-Mg10 anodes in Li metal batteries with high-loading cathode and lean electrolyte under 4.4 V high-voltage, leading to dense and less-corrosive Li deposition thus validating the simulation results.

Abstract

Lithium (Li)-magnesium (Mg) alloy with limited Mg amount, which can also be called Mg-doped Li (Li-Mg), has been considered as a potential alternative anode for high energy density rechargeable Li metal batteries. However, the optimum doping-content of Mg in Li-Mg anode and the mechanism of the improved performance are not well understood. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the effect of Mg amount in Li-Mg anode. The Li-Mg with about 5 wt. % Mg (abbreviated as Li-Mg5) has the lowest absorption energy of Li, thus all the surface area can be “controlled” by Mg atoms, leading to the smooth and continuous deposition of Li on the surface around the Mg center. A localized high concentration electrolyte enables Li-Mg5 to exhibit the best cycling stability in Li metal batteries with high-loading cathode and lean electrolyte under 4.4 V high-voltage, which is approaching the demand of practical application. This electrolyte also helps generate an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase, which leads to smooth, compact and less corrosion layer on the Li-Mg5 surface. Both theoretical simulations and experimental results prove that Li-Mg5 has optimum Mg content and gives best battery cycling performance.

https://ift.tt/3qfSnY1

I can't seem to find any detailed information online on this particular topic, for some reason. Now, off hand, I would think the consequences of directly releasing plasma superheated to 150 million degrees C into the natural environment might not be entirely desirable. Am I mistaken, here?

Apparently, the temperatures caused by an H-bomb are quite comparable to those of the superheated plasma in a Tokamak reactor. So, I was thinking, this "safe and clean" energy source might just possibly have a certain down side, if you see what I mean. So, exactly how much of a down side might it have? Accidents do happen, you know.

Bear in mind, the total volume of superheated plasma in the ITER Tokamak chamber will be 840 cubic meters. So, even given pressures not much greater than normal earth atmospheric pressure at sea level, this volume of vapor at 150 million degrees C., given the total failure of electromagnetic containment, would simply vaporize all surrounding buildings, and everything in the environment. What would be the total area liquidated, exactly? It shouldn't be terribly difficult to calculate it, should it?

"People also ask

How much is plasma in tokamak?

The ITER Tokamak chamber will be twice as large as any previous tokamak, with a plasma volume of 840 cubic metres. Left to itself, the plasma would occupy all of the space in the chamber (1,400 m³), however no material could withstand contact with the extreme-temperature plasma."

The above is just taken from Google. It doesn't sound like the plasma is harmless, or a vacuum.

first all --> do not get disappointed with this audio experimental test setup.. It's not high grade quality audio (maybe a 6.5 of 10 quality and 8.5 of 10 loud power output)

This powerfull Sony SS-XB8AV 8ohm old speakrs are running on a 2x100W RMS class D Bluetooth v4 amplifier.

I have some 12V lithium battery and this class D amplifier needs a 30V single stable supply.

So I used high efficiency stable DC DC converter to boost voltage from 12V battery to a 30V for power amplifier.

Also used a 10.000uF 35V low IR capacitor at amplifier supply filtration.

See picture here:

https://ibb.co/47DRVW5

The result is something surprising A non wire, portable two power speaks system that play massive from laptop or smartphone Bluetooth audio streaming

This battery runs about eight hours continuous at 50% amplifier volume (50% volume is some very loud sound and bass)

The next ideia could be adding DC input to any kind of power amplifier, using for example an 12V battery input converting it to symetrical +/- 35V or 40V or more for class A/B amps . This way possible to power by battery any amplifier

What are your experiences with lithium? Like it? Hate it? Side effects?

I’m tapering off lamotrigine in favor of lithium because the word recall was so terrible that it was getting in the way of my job (I’m a copywriter).

I like how stable I feel, but I have noticed I’m drowsy all the time. It’s hard for me to concentrate and I daze off a lot. I have ADHD so this is already a problem. None of the other symptoms are that severe for me.

Do the side effects go away with time?

What are your general opinions/thoughts?

Long story short, I talked to my doctor and told her I feel like I’m having a mixed episode and that maybe my mood stabilizer isn’t working so she told me lithium might be a good choice for me but told me to do my research first so I can make my own decision.

Can anyone please share their experiences with lithium? Has anyone switched from lamictal to lithium and how did that go? What side effects did you experience from taking lithium?

I also take Latuda, propanolol, and vistaril.

Hi all, I’m starting Lithium today as prescribed by my Psychiatrist. Apparently I’ve been on the completely wrong meds for bipolar (prozac, lamictal, straterra). Hes having me cut prozac cold turkey, keep my lithium the same, and lower my straterra. All while using Lithium. What should I expect from taking Lithium?

Background:

I have little memory of what happened in college, but ultimately I had to see a health provider and I was put on an array of medications to include antidepressants. At one point I was prescribed 19 doses of medications a day and I became adamant about ending my life. This warranted a second opinion from another health provider and he instructed me to stop taking all medications immediately. This was very bad… I remember trying to walk through my college campus and it sounded as if the back of my head was an open bottle of sprite or a static tv. The sound was driving me crazy and the mood swings had forced me to stay in my dorm room, unable to attend my classes.

Fast forward and I’ve graduated college and became manager of a gas station/convenience store where I’m on call 24/7/365 and sometimes working 48 hours straight to cover shifts. I get into a relationship that started off a bit toxic and become pregnant quickly. We end up moving 45 mins from the job that demands all of my time with a young son and plenty of instability. I decide to seek help again as it becomes increasingly hard to choose to stay alive. This time I go to a true Psychiatrist at a respected hospital and he diagnoses me with anxiety, depression, and PTSD after hearing my childhood trauma and current daily thoughts. I remember trying to describe to my husband how I could physically feel a darkness inside of me. I was never happy as a kid and didn’t even know how to just “be happy”. I was prescribed two medications this time (I’m sorry I don’t remember the names). One of them I was supposed to take when I began to feel the rage I had so often unleashed on my partner. On a Friday night, I did just that… and I didn’t wake up until Sunday afternoon. The other med I was taking daily definitely did it’s job at helping me to be carefree. So much so that debt was no longer scary and I began swiping my card like it was going out of style.

I quit taking the meds and my internal self continued to try and destroy me. Until I get a nice office job with very little stress that only requires 40 hrs a week of my time. This improved my mental health quite a bit but my issues were rooted much deeper than just the job.

Pandemic:

Making life changing decisions with very little notice is my specialty. I decided my son needs a sibling and he needs one quick to avoid too big of an age gap. I become very ill during my pregnancy at the end of 2019. I lose my taste and my smell, I’m coughing

When I was obese, 2 years ago, lithium didn't help me. I could never enter the therapeutic range. I could never get more than 0,2 mEq/L on my exams and had to take dosages of

I lost about 30kg and now restarted treatment. Only a monht after 900mg, I'm on therapeutic range of 0,85 mEq/L . Probably my other meds (100 lamotrigine, 50 quetiapine to sleep) are working better too

Trying to lose weight (sure, when you're mentally ok to do that!) is a big advice I give to everyone taking mental health meds. Probably every med will work better if you have a lower weight. You will also save money because you won't need insanely high doses.

Have a good day everyone!

Lithium (Li)-magnesium (Mg) alloy with limited Mg amount, which can also be called Mg-doped Li (Li-Mg), has been considered as a potential alternative anode for high energy density rechargeable Li metal batteries. However, the optimum doping-content of Mg in Li-Mg anode and the mechanism of the improved performance are not well understood. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the effect of Mg amount in Li-Mg anode. The Li-Mg with about 5 wt.% Mg (abbreviated as Li-Mg5) has the lowest absorption energy of Li, thus all the surface area can be “controlled” by Mg atoms, leading to the smooth and continuous deposition of Li on the surface around the Mg center. A localized high concentration electrolyte enables Li-Mg5 to exhibit the best cycling stability in Li metal batteries with high-loading cathode and lean electrolyte under 4.4 V high-voltage, which is approaching the demand of practical application. This electrolyte also helps generate an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase, which leads to smooth, compact and less corrosion layer on the Li-Mg5 surface. Both theoretical simulations and experimental results prove that Li-Mg5 has optimum Mg content and gives best battery cycling performance. This work also provides an effective approach to identify optimal alloy-type Li metal anodes for improving long-term cycling stability of high-energy-density Li metal batteries.

https://ift.tt/3wiY88Z