I had always assumed there was some documented Cushitic languages spoken in the Kingdom of Kush but going through the wikipedia page on the kingdom and looking around the internet a bit I can't find a name of a documented cushitic language from the kingdom of Kush. Meroitic doesn't seem to have enough evidence to make any convincing classification within known language families. And the Nubian languages seem firmly within the East Sudanic language family.
So what happened here? Did the name in the bible come from the historically attested kingdom and get assigned to a group of languages?
Also, either much is not publicly accessible or much is not known about proto-Cushitic. I can't seem to find anywhere that states what the first attested Cushitic language is. And I know this might be going too far for a linguistics subreddit but does anyone here happen to know some solid linguistic-genetic-archeological connections between pastoral expansions in Africa and the Cushitic languages? It seems all the Cushitic groups are pastoralists.
Lastly, if any of the above has already been asked here please point me to the posts.
Thank you!
I was reading African Archaeology by D.W. Phillipson, and in a section on early farming he wrote:
> Study of modern linguistic distributions and loanwords indicates that much of highland southern Kenya and northern Tanzania now settled by Nilotic- and Bantu- speakers was formerly occupied by people who spoke languages that may be classified as Southern Cushitic (Ehret 1974)
After some preliminary googling about this topic, I repeatedly find references citing Ehret's work from the 1970s and 1980s.
Has there been any recent work done on this topic within the last 10-15 years?
https://discord.gg/g9DXtaQYt5
Can Somalis, Oromos and Afars understand each other to some extent, if at all?
As the title suggests.
https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/07/rendille-people-africas-holders-of.html?m=1
I only know a few and will like to know how many exactly . I heard from someone like about 78 but idk how precise that is ...
For your reading pleasure, did the Beja Cushitic language influence Arabic sentence structure and grammar? This author argues the opposite, but my point can still be made by analyzing the evidence they presented.
> A large part of the morphology of Beja, the sole language of the Northern branch of Cushitic (Afroasiatic), belongs to the root and pattern system. This system is typologically similar to the Semitic one (particularly robust in Arabic) and is also found to a lesser extent in two neighboring Cushitic languages, Afar and Saho, but not in any other Cushitic language. This paper reviews the different patterns of the Beja morphological system, and compares them with the systems of its main Semitic contact language (Arabic) and with other Cushitic languages (Afar and Saho). No clear case of borrowing, copying, or replication from dominant and prestigious Arabic could be found, but sociolinguistic and linguistic data favors an interpretation in terms of a convergence phenomenon. The paper argues that contact with Arabic was a strong factor for the preservation of a cross linguistically uncommon system in a large part of the Beja morphology. It also argues that intensive language contact between genetically related languages may help to preserve a morphological system which otherwise would have disappeared as is the case in most other Cushitic lang
Link below is the academic paper in .pdf format in English.
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00651067/document
Come join Af Kush ! A community based on the Cushitic language family, their similarities and their differences, let us learn and share our mother tongues. I invite you all to join and discuss the Cushitic Language family.
So I'm curious if based on the linguistics of the languages in the area if numbers would be written High to Low (like we do today) or Low to High (as they were written in Arabic). I have heard that one major influence on our numeric system is how in Roman numerals, larger denominations came first so it was natural to carry that rule over. This was aided by the fact that Arabic Numerals we're written High - Low if you read Left to Right.
I'm curious what y'all think and what arguments you have.
So I've studied Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese in my life and I can't help but notice how elitist other Chinese and Japanese learners were towards each other than when I was learning Spanish. It's like a lot of people were trying to constantly one up each other and god forbid you say you are learning Korean and Japanese for Pop culture.
I have a friend who studied Korean because he likes Kpop and drama. He studied abroad there and now can speak it well after all these years. Yet people still give him hate because he likes Kpop and Kdrama. I honestly shake my head at when people criticize him since I've seen my friend read native korean books and speak with natives without a problem yet because he likes their pop culture he is seen as a lesser learner to some people.
Japanese language learners are the worse, I swear if you so much as hint at liking anime and manga you are treated like dirt to some people. Japanese is one of the hardest languages to learn, if I like to watch anime and Manga (which I do know a few learners who can read some children's manga) that is my business I don't see why its an issue that I like their popular culture.
My experience with Chinese was slightly better but people were still one upping each other with knowing more characters or having visited China or Taiwan more times, it got to the point where I just preferred practicing with natives.
I've talked to my other friends who are in European language learning circles and they don't have the level of elitism I see in Asian languages probably because native speakers shut down those people quickly but still when I started learning italian I was surprised people didn't give a crap about why I liked Italian language and culture.
Now Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are the hardest languages for English speakers to learn and master (along with arabic but I have no experience with that language community). I don't get why people in east asian language communities constantly try to bran and one up each other. If someone wants to learn because of pop culture so be it, you should find other sources of inspiration but so be it.
So what do you think? Why are east asian language learners elitist?
Hello, I've been recently using Windows XP Virtual machines and laptops.
I've been trying to use an app that displays a Crazy Error (If you don't know what crazy errors are just search it like "Crazy Error Windows XP"), when I tried to run it, It said It couldn't open, But I realized I had to Install files for East Asian languages.
But now here is the problem, To install it, I need the CD of the version of Windows XP that I'm currently running (Windows XP Professional Edition x64). And I don't have it, neither does the laptops I use have the CD, and of course, neither does the virtual machine with Windows XP (how would it have lmao).
So is there any way that we can bypass the CD requirements, or download an Software that can download it?
first off. The Sunni & Shi'a Kurds both get their own states (except for the Kurds in Iran which wasn't colonized). Muslim Arabs are split between 4 states, A Sunni, Shi'a, Alawite & an Ibadhi one with Gemal Abdel Nasser being the president of the Sunni one and Saddam Hussein being his successor. A state for the Copts in the northern Nile delta and another for Christian Arabs (which would roughly correlate to Lebanon but would exclude certain parts of it, and include some parts of OTL's Syria & Israel-Palestine) Berbers get a few states, going off this map they get 1 state in the areas that are in red and the other colors that border the red areas. 2 states in Algeria for those 2 Berber areas that aren't landlocked (the areas in-between the ones coloured in green in north west Algeria are a part of that Berber state too) and one last one for the Tuareg Berbers. The Berber states (except the tuareg one) and the Christian states become a part of NATO to avoid being Jihaded. Whatever the largest area in the middle east is that's majority Jewish can be like OTL's Israel.
For the rest of Africa. it is split along the following lines: the 16 Guthrie Bantu zones, Whatever European power was the last one they were a part of the colonial empire of. North Cushitic, Central Cushitic, South Cushitic & East Cushitic, The other Atlanto-congo languages, Mande, Kordofinian, North eastern Nilotic, Central Sudanic, speakers of these Saharan languages, Koman, Songhay, Fur, Maban, Nilotic, Other Chari-nile language speakers (all sharing one state unless they are separated by some other ethnic group or people speaking some language that isn't a part of one of the Chari Nile languages I'm talking about) Khoisanid & a state for ethnic Europeans in south Africa (and Namibia or zimbabwe if they share a border with white south Africans) Muslim, Orthodox Christian, Protestant & Catholic lines
This has always confused me for some reason. South Asia is very different from both the Middle East and East Asia, I'd argue it's objectively equally distant from both cultures. I noticed most other colleges group South Asian cultures with East Asian cultures, but why does Rutgers group cultures of the subcontinent with those of Africa and the Middle East? And I don't get the AMESALL grouping whatsoever, because Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia are all extremely different from each other, yet China, Korea, and Japan (the main cultures in the Asian studies) all have a lot more common in shared history. Honestly makes me feel a little bit weird, why one major covers a much broader range of cultures than the others. Sorry if I sound vague or offensive lol, I don't plan to study humanities much other than electives but I just want to know why that is the case
>!Also btw speaking about electives can anyone please recommend me easy humanities electives for a freshman who has already taken Psych 101!<
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"Aryans" invaded & wiped out "Dravidians" in an extremely short time- already disproved via archeology & genetics.
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Natives of western/northern India before arrival of "Indo-Aryans" spoke neither Dravidian nor Munda languages but completely different language family which is now extinct.
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"Indo-Aryan" was the native language of western/northern India.
https://a-genetics.blogspot.com/2021/11/west-east-divide-IA.html
Some other related links:
Harappa/"Aryan" Migration debate: Proto-Indo-European was agricultural. But no evidence of agriculture on the steppe; Sintashta or Yamnaya culture were both non-agrarian. Indo-Iranians have PIE agricultural vocabulary often lacking in European IE. How is PIE home in Steppes?
https://np.reddit.com/r/IndiaSpeaks/comments/qn4tfa/harappaaryan_migration_debate_protoindoeuropean/
Wheels, Languages and Bullshit (Or How Not To Do Linguistic Archaeology)- Paper criticially breaks apart the models claiming Proto-Indo-European languages split only after invention of wheel or that they even originated in Steppes.
https://np.reddit.com/r/BharatasyaItihaas/comments/qpkfcz/wheels_languages_and_bullshit_or_how_not_to_do/
It's one of the only Byrne seminars that fits in my schedule and is still open, so I just wanted to get some input on what it's like. It seems interesting, especially since it includes a trip to NYC.
I have always been very interested in learning other languages, and recently - taking a break from studying German - I have been quite interested in studying a language from East Asia, specially Japanese or Chinese. I know that this would take a long time and a lot of energy, but I am all for it and very into learning other ways of thinking about language. However, I am in a busy moment in my life, and scared by the idea of starting to study Chinese or Japanese and not getting into it. So, recently, a Korean friend of mine suggested me to learn Korean: he would help me, it would be much fun and I know from a fact that the basic structures from Korean are easier to grasp than Chinese or Japanese ones: the writing system, Hangul, isn't as complicated as the three Japanese syllabaries or the sea of Chinese ideograms, and the spoken Korean language isn't as complicated as the Chinese tones.
This idea seemed very good to me, and I would like to know your opinion: could studying some Korean broaden my horizons on language learning - specially East Asia language learning - and keep me busy for a year or two with a new universe to explore with a friend, or should I just cut the bullshit and study Japanese or Chinese?
For example, the etymology of Spanish norte ('north') is described by Wiktionary as such:
>Borrowed from French nord, from Old English norΓΎ, from Proto-Germanic *nurΓΎrΔ .
I'm surprised that something relatively central to communication as compass directions was borrowed from English to most Western Romance languages when most borrowings were the other way around (before the modern era, of course).
-
"Aryans" invaded & wiped out "Dravidians" in an extremely short time- already disproved via archeology & genetics.
-
Natives of western/northern India before arrival of "Indo-Aryans" spoke neither Dravidian nor Munda languages but completely different language family which is now extinct.
-
"Indo-Aryan" was the native language of western/northern India.
https://a-genetics.blogspot.com/2021/11/west-east-divide-IA.html
Some other related links:
Harappa/"Aryan" Migration debate: Proto-Indo-European was agricultural. But no evidence of agriculture on the steppe; Sintashta or Yamnaya culture were both non-agrarian. Indo-Iranians have PIE agricultural vocabulary often lacking in European IE. How is PIE home in Steppes?
https://np.reddit.com/r/IndiaSpeaks/comments/qn4tfa/harappaaryan_migration_debate_protoindoeuropean/
Wheels, Languages and Bullshit (Or How Not To Do Linguistic Archaeology)- Paper criticially breaks apart the models claiming Proto-Indo-European languages split only after invention of wheel or that they even originated in Steppes.
https://np.reddit.com/r/BharatasyaItihaas/comments/qpkfcz/wheels_languages_and_bullshit_or_how_not_to_do/
