That line is taken from Investopedia:

>A par yield is the coupon rate at which bond prices are zero. A par yield curve represents bonds that are trading at par. In other words, the par yield curve is a plot of the yield to maturity against term to maturity for a group of bonds priced at par. It

In the first sentence it says that bond prices are zero and in the next sentence it says the par yield curve has bonds that are trading at par (i.e. for a price that is not zero). I'm confused by this. In fact I'm confused by par yields in general and this is just a piece of it.

Just came across this vid. Lots of good info presented well and in a small package for those still learning.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKIWyz0RH9k

Grow on!

Does the rolling down strategy have anything to do with the bond purchase price? i.e. bond purchased at discount, bond price will go up and move towards par, the same movement as riding the yield. But if the bond purchase above par, the price will actually go down in order to move to the Par, which contradicts with the price increase when riding the yield curve.

If I buy a bond above par, will the rolling down strategy still work?

Many Thanks!

While I know the basics I want to know how the banks construct it.

Hi everybody,

With the current hype, lets talk about NFTs, DAOs, Web3, the metaverse and why is this the future.

I would like to put emphasis on NFTs being mostly value (and will be calculated according to their fundamentals, depending on the project and service is providing, what is backing it) can be swapped, exchanged and transformed into currency (could be into fiat currency, but more like a smart bank check that is flexible) for the next era, a middleman facilitator to exchange a product, service, fulfil a need. NOT the main product (as is being used currently in form of "art", as the first way to use it, but no the future potential of it.

NFTs have the potential to be the internal currency of a DAO (decentralized autonomous organization), just like dollars are to a business like GameStop to trade items from the website. NFTs are a new better version of bank checks since they are smart.

Can be used like currency (after is traded, since is value), but also I think is better to see them as smart checks (a check which individually has a separate value).

Lets dig a bit more into this amazing world :)

Note that NFTS have many different application and not just this, but this in particular is the one that will help changing the current corrupted financial banking system (fractional banking based in fiat).

Edited: thanks to an ape in the comments to help me clarify this part.

Since most of those concepts are hard to grasp and tend to be misleading or a tough to understand.

Let’s me smooth it out for you :)

WEB3 : Era of Verification/Validaton

Web3 simplified

This has been around lately, so what is Web3 and how is it different to the internet we know it?

Right now we are living in the Web2 world and what means is that the current state of the internet as a whole is basically in an interactive read only (web1 was static read only information), with interactive means that you are able to upload content like videos, photos, chat and interact in reality time.

You can upload information, read it, make copies of it, but you can’t verify it to the internet and no one is able to “verify”, "validate" or "own" the information.

The era of information (read only interactive) is web2, without an external source to confirm any of this data.

here is a bit more in depth information and comparisson betw

#Intro One of the bullet points on this subreddit's sidebar says:

> FI/RE is NOT about: Taking the slow road, or the traditional road to retirement

I want to provide one of the alternatives to this method that I don't see talked about on here nearly as much as it should be, leveraged efficient portfolios. If you are one of the people who refuses to touch leverage in any form with a ten foot pole I would love to hear your thoughts on this especially. I am going to give a brief explanation of portfolio efficiency, share some backtests under different circumstances, and attempt to make the case that no one who is trying to grow their wealth both safely and quickly should be invested in 100% stocks.

#What is risk? Everyone here has a general concept of risk and reward. It's something that every investment has, but not all investments are equal. If you invest in a one year treasury bill today you will have next to no risk but the reward is only 0.4% per year. If you invest in a 20 year treasury bond you will have slightly more risk and therefore you get a slightly higher reward of about 2% per year. If you invest in the S&P 500 you are taking on much more risk, but how is that measured? It is incredibly difficult to define what risk is. Some people consider it to be the odds of losing everything if you're dealing with derivatives for example, while more commonly it's defined as the amount of volatility you may experience along the way. The S&P 500 dropped by a bit over 50% in the 2008 Financial Crisis. The more volatile your investment is, the bigger the chance it has of going down significantly in value and because there's never a guarantee of it going back up in value this is perceived as risk.

The stock market (the S&P 500 for the purposes of this) returns anywhere from 6-12% per year on average depending on if you include inflation, dividend reinvestment, and depending on the time frame you're looking back at. The backtests I will show go back to 1994 and including dividends, but not including an inflation adjustment, show the S&P 500 returning about 10.5% per year. This is a great average return and while there are significant crashes from time to time, it has shown to be incredibly resilient at recovering. This has led a lot of people who are looking to grow their wealth to allocate 100% of their investment portfolios into stocks. Don't get me wrong, this is still a great way to grow your wealth and if you do it for 20+ years you

Disclaimer, this is not meant as a FUD thread, just a place to share our thoughts and regroup after the latest Algo drama.

I first got into Algorand from the World Economic Forum website. It was listed there under ‘partners’ (pretty sure it isnt anymore but someone may have a link?). In my eyes I could see if the WEF was behind it, Algo could go places. That what started me out dipping my toes investing in a little Algo.

Fast forward to now, we have blockchains like SOL that have risen to the top in a matter of less than 2 years, mega hype around them. Looking at AVAX and MATIC their LTVs are huge! Algorand seems like a snail in comparison, lets be honest here.

I would love to know how these guys, with their younger blockchains have managed to overtake ALGO in the defi space. I mean, (something to think about) if Silvio was that much of a brain and Algorand was so cutting edge, why are we not up their with the big boys already? How have they managed to get ahead of us?

Is it just a case of them being on ETH? Well... Solana isnt on ETH is it? But that seems to have done pretty well in comparison to Algo.

Algorand IS fast, for example a transfer from the official wallet to coinbase pro took less than 15 seconds to register today. On the other hand however, I keep hearing about development on Algo and its DAPPS are less user friendly than other chains, so is this something that we should be worried about? Will that hold us back?

Tinyman and the hack/exploit was just bad luck but where the fuck are the other DAPP DEXs? Surely we should have had Algodex by now?

Then this latest crap with Yieldly...okay IMO I dont think its a ‘biggy’, not selling personally, the staking rewards are too sweet to be fair BUT the alarm bells rang with me for two reasons:

1. It REALLY pissed people off, losing popularity for our chain/defi is not good. We need hype and users!

2. Another blow to our Defi ecosystem. Right now looking at facts we have: no working dex, 1 lending platform, a few NFT platforms (overstaturated IMO!), and 1 staking platform with only a handful of (lets face it) sub par projects that offer nothing really of any breakthrough ideas and mostly just vapourware shitcoins.

Where are all our use case ASAs? Supply chain trackers (vchain,wabi), Oracles (chainlink), privacy coins (zcash, monero), energy and data trackers (LTO)...

What is Algorands actual roadmap apart from being the ‘future of finance’? At the minute it has gone from promising to a car c

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Long post. (don't take it too seriously)

So I got recommended this YouTube video a while back. It was called; "There will Never Ever be another Melee player like Hungrybox". I went from that, to the 2013 documentary, to learning about the top player standings, to marathoning AsumSaus videos, to watching the past 3 Summits live, to learning about the tech from YouTube, to getting banned from Leffen's chat, so on and so fourth. Basically I'm totally into it now.

Despite being "a fan" of melee for the past few months I always avoided actually playing the game due to hearing about how grueling people describe it, not to mention that my only experience with smash in general was Brawl and yuzu Ultimate with a goddamn bootleg PS4 controller. Even so, I wanted to get a grip on the actual game now because I intended to come to Genesis 8 with my brother, and I wanted to see if I could hold my own in a couple friendlies matches if I ever got the chance to play any.

Oooh boy.

I legit bought the game. Which felt like the honorable thing to do but buying stuff on ebay will get you the full "ebay package", which include the shitty fiber envelopes, packing peanuts, zip lock bag, and the lone disc with someone's name sharpie'd on the front of it. After that I got myself a GC controller (which turned out to be a knockoff shitty one, meaning I had to get yet another legit one that ran me around 60 bones). I got an adapter next, got a copy of v1.2 melee legit, and used a homebrewed Wii to dump it as an ISO so I could play it on dolphin.

So I needed Uncle Punch, 20xx and Slippi, meaning that I needed to use the patchers to covert my ISO. I started with Slippi, which worked with flying colors given that I was, in fact, using v1.2 of the video game. However, when I tried to patch the same dump with the Uncle Punch patcher, it denied me, giving a generic error message instructing me that the specified file was not v1.2, despite the fact that it was. After reading some YT comments I saw people insinuating that the file size had to be 953mb, which doesn't make any sense because all GC dumps are 1.36gb by default. I naturally assumed that this meant I had to convert the ISO into a ntik.ISO because that would come out to exactly that file size. Yet once again, denial. 20XX did the same exact thing, saying that my copy wasn't 1.2, and refusing to patch it, despite Slippi recognizing it as 1.2. What the hell.

So I did more digging. I called my brother said that there was only one

FINAL EDIT: The "issue" was really dumb. Basically, I was running a severely outdated Motherboard BIOS version (2006, when the latest at the time of writing is 3203) and also had completely and utterly forgotten to install several crucial Mesa packages/drivers. Updating the BIOS immediately solved my performance issues on Fedora and also utterly eliminated my overheating issues (went from idling at 56°C to 45°C, and gaming temps dropped from 80-90°C to 65-70°C). Performance on EndeavourOS out of the box was still horrible, but I installed the following packages:

• lib32-libva-mesa-driver 21.3.3-1
• lib32-mesa 21.3.3-1
• lib32-mesa-utils 8.4.0-3
• lib32-mesa-vdpau 21.3.3-1
• lib32-opencl-mesa 21.3.3-1
• lib32-vulkan-mesa-layers 21.3.3-1
• libva-mesa-driver 21.3.3-2
• mesa 21.3.3-2
• mesa-utils 8.4.0-6
• mesa-vdpau 21.3.3-2
• opencl-mesa 21.3.3-2
• vulkan-mesa-layers 21.3.3-2

And it helped me actually get good performance on Endeavour again. On hindsight, this was actually the main problem all along; the overheating was a seperate issue that was solved with a BIOS upgrade. All in all, this was not actually an EndeavourOS-specific issue like I initially thought it was, and I would've run onto it even on a vanilla Arch install because it was pure human error/stupidity from my part. I hope my mistakes help others not fall into the same pitfall as the one I did :p

Before you (understandable) get frustrated at this post, I ask you to please understand: I'm aware from reading the sidebar that this subreddit is not normally oriented toward tech support, but I've asked around over this in several other places (including on the official Endeavour forums) and nobody was able to figure out what was happening. I was pointed to this subreddit by someone, and I'm frankly out of options, so I figured I could try asking here in case anyone is able to help or give assistance.

I've recently received a Radeon RX 570 4GB GPU as a Christmas gift to upgrade from my aging GTX 750 Ti 1GB (which was giving me several performance issues on Linux Mint Cinnamon due to Nvidia's drivers being unstable and buggy as hell for me), which I was looking forward to for a while now due to AMD GPUs being fully plug-and-play for Linux - I'd been wanting to switch to Endeavour for a long time since pacman and the AUR are frankly amazing, but didn't want to risk dealing with Nvidia issues on it. When I got my RX 570 installed, I took it for a trial test on Linux Mint to ensure

Please note this is just my experience with kit suppliers over the last 10 years in the United Kingdom and is specific to their rowing kit only. Feel free to comment on your own opinions and experiences with these suppliers or others.

JLRowing (Est. 1982) (USA)

Probably the most well-known kit supplier which held the monopoly in the market for so long, don't think there was a time where you could go anywhere without seeing multiple teams decked in JL head to toe. But recently seems to be in rapid decline due to moving production to El Salvador/ shift in ownership.

JL of old was something else. Leggings, unis, skins, splash jackets, some of the best gear I've ever owned. Nowadays, it's a joke the prices they're charging (which haven't changed!!) considering the drop in quality of manufacturing and final products.

Nothing much really to discuss, just sad what they've become.

Best Bit of Kit for old JL: Everything

Best Bit of kit for new JL: N/A

JL of old: 11/10

JL of new: 3/10

Just one final note to add on current JL, the fact you could buy an exact replica of the USA national team Olympic kit is a disgrace to those who worked so hard to earn it.

RivalKit (Est. 2017) (UK)

"Great quality, good value, custom kit"

That's a quote directly from their website. Do I agree with this? No.

Named the Oxford vs Cambridge boat race kit supplier for the 2022 race (because nobody else stepped forward probably!!), don't think I've truthfully ever seen such a cheap-looking quality of unisuit. The Cambridge squad for example, if you look at pictures of their kit, the Cambridge blue is a different shade on every bit of gear and looks weird compared to squads of old. Looking at other club unisuits, the colours seem to be off with theirs as well.

Saying this, I'm aware they've only very recently started making unisuits (In mid 2019 I believe?) so hopefully these problems will be ironed out over the future, but I would not recommend them at their current state. If you look at big UK programs such as Imperial, Durham, Edinburgh, all use rival for various items except for their unisuits, all of which are sourced from Powerhouse and Crewroom.

Within my own experience, my club have been ordering gear from them the last couple of years and just not impressed. The splash jackets I would say are the highlight of their collection, they are waterproof, warm but truthfully a bit too bulky to be used whilst rowing so good gear for warm-ups, of

Hello all,

This is gonna be a long post.

In celebration of Binance listing UST and LUNA breaking 100$, I would like to update my original post nearly half a year ago on the Terra ecosystem. There's a ton of euphoria right now, and so its always good to take a look back at the fundamentals.

A lot has changed since then and by now I'm sure many more people have heard about Terra, maybe even used some of its dapps. For those that are brand new, I recommend reading my original post first. For those wondering if it's too late to get into LUNA, I will present why I think LUNA still has much room to grow. I won't cover every protocol, just the ones I think are most interesting/significant. Still, there's a lot to go through so let's get started.

A quick refresher

Terra is a blockchain developed by TerraForm Labs based on Cosmos SDK (this is important because it allows Terra to connect to all other blockchains in the Cosmos ecosystem, more on this later). Their main products are a suite of algorithmic stablecoins, the most prominent being UST tied to the dollar. UST retains its peg through its relationship with LUNA, where LUNA absorbs the volatility of UST. LUNA is minted when selling UST, and burned when buying UST. In practice, 1$ of LUNA always equals 1$ of UST, even if UST loses its peg. This creates arbitrage opportunities, where if UST is at 1.50$, you can sell 1$ of LUNA for 1.50$ UST and immediately bank 50% profit. This increases supply of UST as people sell LUNA for UST and the peg returns to 1. In reverse, if UST is at .50$, people buy 1$ of LUNA with .50$ UST, which decreases UST supply until the peg returns to 1. Again, videos on this below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HLiZxkbxfY&t=917s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL8tcVHyHMM

Stablecoins are the most important product in all of crypto, no question about it. I honestly can't imagine a time without stablecoins when people took profits into BTC, itself a highly volatile asset. But stablecoins are also not a risk-less product, they are subject to regulators scrutiny and issued by sometimes shady companies (cough...Tether) that may or may not have the funds available to prevent a bank run. A decentralized stablecoin for defi is a no-brainer, and UST is the best of the best currently (DAI is ba

Hi everybody,

Since most of those concepts are hard to grasp and tend to be misleading or a tough to understand.

Let’s me smooth it out for you :)

WEB3 : Era of Verification/Validaton

Visual of Web3

This has been around lately, so what is Web3 and how is it different to the internet we know it?

Right now we are living in the Web2 world and what means is that the current state of the internet as a whole is basically in an interactive read only (web1 was static read only information), with interactive means that you are able to upload content like videos, photos, chat and interact in reality time.

You can upload information, read it, make copies of it, but you can’t verify it to the internet and no one is able to “verify”, "validate" or "own" the information.

The era of information (read only interactive) is web2, without an external source to confirm any of this data.

THE FUTURE

Now imagine that there is a way that a third party is able to confirm and validate pieces of data, confirming that the data is correct and assigning it a unique space in a blockchain.

That third party is a ledger-based blockchain, the one best suited to perform this duty currently is Ethereum (that’s why GME is working based on etherium).

But what do I care about validation? How is that affects me in the real world?

This opens a huge door of opportunities, let’s explore some.

Web3 will evolve systems like a country registration of IDs for example.

Currently there is a project called ENS Ethereum Name Service, this project allows anybody to link their Crypto Wallet to their Ethereum identity (ENS), your name is minted in an unique block (NFT) and no one else can have that name, you will have effectively an unique validated and verifiable ID on the blockchain.

So far it’s your name.eth (example, Melon.eth).

That ledger can effectively replace Passports and mint your Identity as an NFT (Holberg, principal engineer at GameStop) design this NFT application called HODLBERG.

This is how HODLBERG works.

Hodlberg TL:DR

[Hodlberg det

#Intro I wrote this for the various financial independence subreddits to try and show people that 100% stocks is not this magic bullet that can't be beaten. The reason I'm sharing it here is because LETFs have had a very rough start to 2022 and I figure there may be a few of you who are learning that you can't tolerate as much risk as you thought. I am going to give a brief explanation of portfolio efficiency, share some backtests under different circumstances, and attempt to make the case that no one who is trying to grow their wealth both safely and quickly should be invested in 100% stocks.

#What is risk? Everyone here has a general concept of risk and reward. It's something that every investment has, but not all investments are equal. If you invest in a one year treasury bill today you will have next to no risk but the reward is only 0.4% per year. If you invest in a 20 year treasury bond you will have slightly more risk and therefore you get a slightly higher reward of about 2% per year. If you invest in the S&P 500 you are taking on much more risk, but how is that measured? It is incredibly difficult to define what risk is. Some people consider it to be the odds of losing everything if you're dealing with derivatives for example, while more commonly it's defined as the amount of volatility you may experience along the way. The S&P 500 dropped by a bit over 50% in the 2008 Financial Crisis. The more volatile your investment is, the bigger the chance it has of going down significantly in value and because there's never a guarantee of it going back up in value this is perceived as risk.

The stock market (the S&P 500 for the purposes of this) returns anywhere from 6-12% per year on average depending on if you include inflation, dividend reinvestment, and depending on the time frame you're looking back at. The backtests I will show go back to 1994 and including dividends, but not including an inflation adjustment, show the S&P 500 returning about 10.5% per year. This is a great average return and while there are significant crashes from time to time, it has shown to be incredibly resilient at recovering. This has led a lot of people who are looking to grow their wealth to allocate 100% of their investment portfolios into stocks. Don't get me wrong, this is still a great way to grow your wealth and if you do it for 20+ years you can expect to retire quite nicely. The point of this paper is to explain a way that you can either keep the

Hello, and welcome to my Ted Talk.

First, I would like to give full credit to u/Additional-Ad5055 for putting this information together.

The only reason I felt the need to re-write his post was that his English fell apart post edit. (Thanks to probable shill u/Antreas_ I believe for posing to help)

Here is the original:

https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/rqmdyc/lets_talk_about_nfts_daos_web3_and_the_metaverse/

Here we go.

Let's talk about NFTs, DAOs, Web3, the metaverse and why is this the future.

Emphasis should be put in understanding that NFT's (Non-Fungible Tokens) of the past will work differently than in the future.

Instead of being the main product (Art) like it is today, it will be a contract of value by performing a service or fulfilling a need.

That smart contract will hold value according to their fundamentals, depending on the project and service it's providing, and what is backing it similar to the price discovery in any modern markets.

You can swap, exchange, or transform your NFT's into any currency of your choosing and even use it as a currency itself in exchange for a product or service.

NFTs have the potential to be the internal currency of a DAO (decentralized autonomous organization), just like dollars are to businesses like GameStop in exchange for items from their website.

They can be used like a currency, but it is better to think of them as smart checks.

Note that NFTs have many different applications. This use in particular is only how the current corrupt financial banking system (fractional banking based in fiat) will be changed for the better.

I will attempt to keep these difficult concepts understandable, and I appreciate you taking time to read about our future.

WEB3 : Era of Verification/Validation ************************

Picture of differences in Internet, Web 1, 2, and 3

What is Web3 and how is it different from the internet as we know it?

Right now, we are living in the Web2 world. The current state of the internet is interactive read only. Web1 was in static read only information.

Interactive means that you are able to upload content like videos, photos, comment, and interact in real time.

You can upload information

#Intro It seems to me that a vast majority of the people who aren't yet retired in here are fully invested in stocks. I want to provide one of the alternatives to this method that I don't see talked about on here nearly as much as it should be, leveraged efficient portfolios. If you are one of the people who refuses to touch leverage in any form with a ten foot pole I would love to hear your thoughts on this especially. I am going to give a brief explanation of portfolio efficiency, share some backtests under different circumstances, and attempt to make the case that no one who is trying to grow their wealth both safely and quickly should be invested in 100% stocks.

#What is risk? Everyone here has a general concept of risk and reward. It's something that every investment has, but not all investments are equal. If you invest in a one year treasury bill today you will have next to no risk but the reward is only 0.4% per year. If you invest in a 20 year treasury bond you will have slightly more risk and therefore you get a slightly higher reward of about 2% per year. If you invest in the S&P 500 you are taking on much more risk, but how is that measured? It is incredibly difficult to define what risk is. Some people consider it to be the odds of losing everything if you're dealing with derivatives for example, while more commonly it's defined as the amount of volatility you may experience along the way. The S&P 500 dropped by a bit over 50% in the 2008 Financial Crisis. The more volatile your investment is, the bigger the chance it has of going down significantly in value and because there's never a guarantee of it going back up in value this is perceived as risk.

The stock market (the S&P 500 for the purposes of this) returns anywhere from 6-12% per year on average depending on if you include inflation, dividend reinvestment, and depending on the time frame you're looking back at. The backtests I will show go back to 1994 and including dividends, but not including an inflation adjustment, show the S&P 500 returning about 10.5% per year. This is a great average return and while there are significant crashes from time to time, it has shown to be incredibly resilient at recovering. This has led a lot of people who are looking to grow their wealth to allocate 100% of their investment portfolios into stocks. Don't get me wrong, this is still a great way to grow your wealth and if you do it for 20+ years you can expect to retire quite nicely.