Vegf Receptors Puns

As far as HHC research goes, it’s nearly non-existent. However, both natural and synthetic cannabinoids have been found to suppress tumor growth in numerous different animal studies. One study in particular examined the angiogenic effects of several hexahydrocannabinol analogs to see how they can be used in cancer therapies.

As per the study: “Two analogs LYR-7 [(9S)-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol] and LYR-8 [(1-((9S)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-2-yl)ethanone)] were selected based on their anti-angiogenic activity and lack of binding affinity for cannabinoid receptors. Both LYR-7 and LYR-8 inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation of HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner.”

“The inhibitory effect of the compounds on cell proliferation was more selective in endothelial cells than in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7). We also noted effective inhibition of VEGF-induced new blood vessel formation by the compounds in the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Furthermore, both LYR analogs potently inhibited VEGF production and NF-κB transcriptional activity in cancer cells.”

“Additionally, LYR-7 or LYR-8 strongly inhibited breast cancer cell-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. Together, these results suggest that novel synthetic hexahydrocannabinol analogs, LYR-7 and LYR-8, inhibit tumor growth by targeting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis signaling in endothelial cells and suppressing VEGF production and cancer cell growth.”

Simply put, these compounds block the growth of the blood vessels that feed tumors, rather than blocking growth of the tumor itself. So, it basically works as an angiogenesis inhibitor that starves any tumors.

Hello everyone, this is the first issue of my new newsletter, The Biotech Report!

In this issue of The Biotech Report, we will thoroughly examine Akebia Therapeutics: its partnerships, CEO, insider trading patterns, institutional holdings, and financials. Then, we will take a close look at its marketed product in the U.S. - Auryxia. The main focus of this report is the upcoming catalyst for Akebia, the March 22nd 2022 PDUFA action date for vadadustat. We will take a deep-dive to better understand the condition vadadustat targets, the current standard of care, and the patient population. We will then examine how vadadustat works and how it compares to other drugs in the same class. This will allow us to get a better understanding of the landscape and what can happen on March 22nd.

Founded in 2007, Akebia Therapeutics ($AKBA) is a Cambridge-based “fully integrated” biopharmaceutical company with a focus on treating complications of kidney disease. Akebia Therapeutics currently has a market cap of $472.392M.

Akebia Therapeutics merged in 2018 with Keryx Pharmaceuticals, another biotech focusing on kidney disease complications. The merger was a smart move because Keryx Pharmaceuticals already had a marketed product, Auryxia (ferric citrate). Auryxia is indicated for the control of serum phosphorus levels in adult patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on dialysis, and the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with CKD not on dialysis.

The merger gives Akebia Therapeutics access to Keryx Pharmaceuticals’ commercial capabilities and expertise in the kidney disease complications space, which will be a significant advantage if the company’s New Drug Application (NDA) for vadadustat is approved.

Vadadustat is an investigational oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor that is awaiting FDA approval for the treatment of anemia due to CKD in dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent adult patients. If approved by the FDA, vadadustat would be a first-in-class drug in the U.S..

Vadadustat is already approved in Japan and is being commercialized by Akebia’s partner Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC).

The filing for the vadadustat NDA was accepted in June 2021, and the FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date of March 29, 2022.

Partnerships

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC) is not the only company that Akebia has entered a partnership with.

In 2016, Akebi

Continuation of mTORC1 p2: Mast cells.... p1 --> Link

2. Overview and activation of MCs

Although the role of MCs is overlooked compared with microglia, MCs remain an important factor in the immune signaling pathway (29). MCs, the effector cells of the innate immune system, are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and multifunctional antigen-presenting cells and have a pivotal role in immunoglobulin type E (IgE)-associated allergic and inflammation-associated diseases (35). Despite their low numbers in most organs, MCs are present in both healthy and disease states. MCs are the first line of defense against invading pathogens and are distributed in almost all organs and vascularized tissues (36). Blood MCs express CD34 and contain cytoplasmic granules filled with heparin and histamine, the latter of which is released after binding to IgE. Unlike other myeloid-derived cells, tissue MCs have a hematopoietic developmental lineage (37,38). During MC development, immature lineage progenitors enter the circulation and are recruited to peripheral tissues by endothelial cells, regulating the appearance of granules with proteases (37,38). Human MCs may be classified into mucosal and connective tissue types according to the type of proteases present in their cytoplasmic granules; the mucosal type contains tryptase, whereas the connective tissue type contains both tryptase and chymase (39). MCs act as first responders and environmental ‘sensors’ to interact with other cellular elements involved in physiological and immune responses, promoting the neuroinflammation process (40). MCs are present in various areas of the brain and meninges. Although less distributed in the brain, they are generally found in the subthalamic nucleus, choroid plexus and the parenchyma of the hypothalamic region (41). The pathogenic roles of MCs were indicated to extend from allergic disease to autoimmune diseases and carcinogenesis (42-47).

The most common way through which MCs perform their function is degranulation. The activation of the inflammatory process results in a rapid release of MC granules into the interstitium. MC granules contain pre-formed and newly synthesized reactive chemicals known as MC mediators. These mediators include histamine, tryptase, chymase, interleukin families, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serotonin, heparin, proteoglycans, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prosta

Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells: A New Perspective in the Treatment of Coronavirus-Induced Pneumonia (COVID-19)

INTRODUCTION Coronavirus (CoVs) is an important pathogen, usually associated with respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal infections, that affects both humans and animals. CoVs is a virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae which is composed of the genera Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus and Gammacorovavirus as well as several subgenera and species. Having been reported in several species of animals among which cattle, swine, horses, cats, canines, rodents, camels, bats, civets, rabbits, among other animals and avian species, in humans, the coronavirus (HCoVs) was first isolated by Tyrrell and Bynoe in 1965, from both adults and children presenting with a respiratory infection condition, and were later classified as HCoV-229E (genus Alphacoronavirus) and HCoV-0c43 (genus Betacoronavirus)(Tyrrell 1966; Fehr 2015; Su, 2016). In the early 2000s, HCoV-NL63 (genus Alphacoronavirus) and HCoV-HKU1 strain A (genus Betacoronavirus - subgenus Embecovirus) were isolated from people affected by bronchitis and pneumonia respectively. In February 2003, in Guangdong province, southern China, a bat-derived Betacoronavirus lineage B (subgenus Sarbecovirus) with the civet as an intermediate host was responsible for giving rise to a severe respiratory illness that was eventually named severe coronavirus-derived acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). This eventually resulted in an outbreak of 8098 cases, reported in 29 countries located in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, resulting in 774 deaths (case fatality rate of 9.5%) (Jeffrey, 2005). In 2005, in Hong Kong, two independent groups identified coronaviruses similar to SARS-CoV in bats. Since then, the bat has come to be considered the natural host of coronavirus may be considered a future culprit for a possible coronavirus epidemic or pandemic (Li, 2005; Cui 2019). In 2012, a Betacoronavirus Lineage C (subgenus Merbecovirus) from camels and dromedaries was responsible in Saudi Arabia for giving rise to Medical East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), very similar to SARS (Zaki, 2012; Assiri, 2013). According to World Health Organization data by the end of 2019, a total of 2494 cases have been confirmed having reuslted in 858 deaths (34.4% lethality rate)( World Health Organization, 2019). In late 2019, in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China emerged SARS-CoV-2 which has 88%

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Do your worst!

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

They’re on standbi

Pilot on me!!

Edit: If you are going to say I am misinformed and need to keep studying please provide reasons to why you disagree so I can respond instead of just saying Im wrong and that I think I know everything. Thank you.

Why YSK: 5-10% of cancers result directly from inheriting genes associated with cancer. The majority of cancers are due to accumulation of damage to genetic material over time. Currently the average American consumes over 70 grams of sugar a day. The recommended amount is 25 grams a day. We eat over 3x the amount we should every single day. One coke can has way over the amount that we should actually consume. To put it simply the western diet is loaded with WAY too much sugar. The prevalence of adult obesity in the US 2017-2018 is 42.4% and youth 18.5%. 120 million Americans are at risk for metabolic disorders. THAT IS EXTREMELY CONCERNING. That means a fair amount reading this post are probably at risk for developing a metabolic disorder. Avoiding excess sugar significant reduces the chance of getting cancer in the future, however it may be difficult because it is extremely addicting. If you can stop though, it may save your life in the future.

Who am I? Currently a PA student and a biochemistry nerd.

Mechanism: When you drink a can of coke you are consuming a LOT of sugar. Sugar passes through your gut where it is absorbed into your blood stream. The monosaccharides (sugar) activate beta cells in the pancreas which causes the release of the hormone known as insulin. Your body mainly controls blood glucose levels through two hormones: glucagon and insulin. Think of these two hormones as metabolic switches. Glucagon RAISES blood glucose levels while Insulin LOWERS blood glucose levels. Biological organisms thrive through a fundamental physiology concept known as homeostasis. These hormones help us do that. When we drank our can of soda that sugar significantly spiked our insulin. What about fat? well it does as well. However, fat has a much lower glycemic index which allows for a slower absorption and less insulin spiking that you see with sugar. Plus fat has a much higher satiety than carbs do.

So why does this lead to cancer? Well when your have a bunch of insulin it signals to your cells to uptake that glucose and start burning it for energy, this is how our heart pumps, how we move our muscles, etc. We derive energy fro

Nothing, he was gladiator.

BamBOO!

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

"UAMS Research Team Finds Potential Cause of COVID-19 ‘Long-haulers’"
https://news.uams.edu/2021/09/09/uams-research-team-finds-potential-cause-of-covid-19-long-haulers/

A tip of the hat to swordman for posting the link originally.

If they are correct about the reason for longhaulers and Sars-COV2 induced antibodies are destroying the ACE receptor cells then leronlimab could be of help. ACE2 keeps the Renin Angiotensin Aldesterone system (RAS) in check. Overproduction of RAS leads to a hyper-inflammatory state through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Binding of CCL5 (RANTES) to CCR5 activates the Gai-Gby complex which in turn increases the production of RAS.

Leronlimab by blocking CCL5 would reduce RAS production and lessen the inflammatory state. Additionally leronlimab would block the cytokines.

Why some are getting longhaulers and others are not could come down to genetics. In a different disease (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) it's been shown that a combination of genetic variations in CCL2, VEGF and the ACE receptor are significantly more likely to cause the disease. Genetic variation may also explain why in a small number of longhaulers cases leronlimab is not effective.

https://advances.umw.edu.pl/pdf/2017/26/4/661.pdf

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

[Removed]

Where ever you left it 🤷‍♀️🤭

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

Hello everyone, this is the first issue of The Biotech Report!

In this issue of The Biotech Report, we will thoroughly examine Akebia Therapeutics: its partnerships, CEO, insider trading patterns, institutional holdings, and financials. Then, we will take a close look at its marketed product in the U.S. - Auryxia. The main focus of this report is the upcoming catalyst for Akebia, the March 22nd 2022 PDUFA action date for vadadustat. We will take a deep-dive to better understand the condition vadadustat targets, the current standard of care, and the patient population. We will then examine how vadadustat works and how it compares to other drugs in the same class. This will allow us to get a better understanding of the landscape and what can happen on March 22nd.

Founded in 2007, Akebia Therapeutics ($AKBA) is a Cambridge-based “fully integrated” biopharmaceutical company with a focus on treating complications of kidney disease. Akebia Therapeutics currently has a market cap of $472.392M.

Akebia Therapeutics merged in 2018 with Keryx Pharmaceuticals, another biotech focusing on kidney disease complications. The merger was a smart move because Keryx Pharmaceuticals already had a marketed product, Auryxia (ferric citrate). Auryxia is indicated for the control of serum phosphorus levels in adult patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on dialysis, and the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with CKD not on dialysis.

The merger gives Akebia Therapeutics access to Keryx Pharmaceuticals’ commercial capabilities and expertise in the kidney disease complications space, which will be a significant advantage if the company’s New Drug Application (NDA) for vadadustat is approved.

Vadadustat is an investigational oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor that is awaiting FDA approval for the treatment of anemia due to CKD in dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent adult patients. If approved by the FDA, vadadustat would be a first-in-class drug in the U.S..

Vadadustat is already approved in Japan and is being commercialized by Akebia’s partner Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC).

The filing for the vadadustat NDA was accepted in June 2021, and the FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date of March 29, 2022.

Partnerships

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC) is not the only company that Akebia has entered a partnership with.

In 2016, Akebia entered a collab

Hello everyone, this is the first issue of The Biotech Report!

In this issue of The Biotech Report, we will thoroughly examine Akebia Therapeutics: its partnerships, CEO, insider trading patterns, institutional holdings, and financials. Then, we will take a close look at its marketed product in the U.S. - Auryxia. The main focus of this report is the upcoming catalyst for Akebia, the March 22nd 2022 PDUFA action date for vadadustat. We will take a deep-dive to better understand the condition vadadustat targets, the current standard of care, and the patient population. We will then examine how vadadustat works and how it compares to other drugs in the same class. This will allow us to get a better understanding of the landscape and what can happen on March 22nd.

Founded in 2007, Akebia Therapeutics ($AKBA) is a Cambridge-based “fully integrated” biopharmaceutical company with a focus on treating complications of kidney disease. Akebia Therapeutics currently has a market cap of $472.392M.

Akebia Therapeutics merged in 2018 with Keryx Pharmaceuticals, another biotech focusing on kidney disease complications. The merger was a smart move because Keryx Pharmaceuticals already had a marketed product, Auryxia (ferric citrate). Auryxia is indicated for the control of serum phosphorus levels in adult patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on dialysis, and the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with CKD not on dialysis.

The merger gives Akebia Therapeutics access to Keryx Pharmaceuticals’ commercial capabilities and expertise in the kidney disease complications space, which will be a significant advantage if the company’s New Drug Application (NDA) for vadadustat is approved.

Vadadustat is an investigational oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor that is awaiting FDA approval for the treatment of anemia due to CKD in dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent adult patients. If approved by the FDA, vadadustat would be a first-in-class drug in the U.S..

Vadadustat is already approved in Japan and is being commercialized by Akebia’s partner Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC).

The filing for the vadadustat NDA was accepted in June 2021, and the FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date of March 29, 2022.

Partnerships

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (MTPC) is not the only company that Akebia has entered a partnership with.

In 2016, Akebia entered a collabo

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "