Every year I do a reached people group around thanksgiving, to be thankful for the work our Lord has done through missionaries and pastors around the world. I wanted to do it last week but the weeks busyness got on top of me. Meet the Irish of Ireland. Yes, I do realize that today, European peoples are less and less Christian, however, they are reached and for a time were the dominant Christian peoples of our world. So today, we celebrate that the Gospel reached Ireland and took hold of the country.

Do not use this as a place to argue about Catholicism.

Region: Ireland

https://preview.redd.it/o895pylxtj281.png?width=340&format=png&auto=webp&s=59411864c5370f885110e0ec9b07a86642630ce4

Index Ranking (Urgency): 157

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Climate: The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, earns it the sobriquet the Emerald Isle. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable oceanic climate with few extremes. The climate is typically insular and temperate, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. This is a result of the moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic.

Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east. The west tends to be wetter on average and prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months. These occasionally bring destructive winds and higher total rainfall to these areas, as well as sometimes snow and hail. The regions of north County Galway and east County Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually for the island, with lightning occurring approximately five to ten days per year in these areas. Munster, in the south, records the least snow whereas Ulster, in the north, records the most.

Inland areas are warmer in summer and colder in winter. Usually around 40 days of the year are below freezing 0 °C (32 °F) at inland weather stations, compared to 10 days at coastal stations. Ireland is sometimes affected by heatwaves, most recently in 1995, 2003, 2006, 2013 and 2018. In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during the winter of 2010-11. Temperatures fell as low as −17.2 °C (1 °F) in County Mayo on 20 December and up to a metre (3 ft) of snow fell in mountainous areas.

https://preview.redd.it/zfze1j7ztj281.png?width=240&format=png&auto=webp&s=a3c901c04fe754655aa0acd5643c5aac9ded9796

**

Many may not be aware of this, but India is not the only country which suffers from the disease of caste. Several other Asian nations too have caste systems. Some countries, like Pakistan and Bangladesh, were part of India till the 20th century, therefore it is natural for caste to rear its ugly head there. However, there are other nations which have never been part of India, but still have their own caste systems/castes as a result of Indic influence, such as Thailand and Indonesia.

We will take a look into some nations other than India which have caste systems, to get a clearer idea of how caste is present in these societies.

1) Pakistan

Islam is the main religion in Pakistan, with nearly 97% of Pakistanis adhering to it. Islam as a religion does not espouse any sort of caste system, yet Pakistan is not free of caste differences. Even within Muslim society, caste has found a way to embed itself.

Some of the upper castes in Pakistan include Rajputs, Syeds, Dhillon, Butt, Bhattis, Jutt, Janjua, Siddique, Mughal, Qureshi and Sheikh. Higher castes in Sindh include Shahs, Syeds, Akhunds, Effendis, Soomros, Talpurs, and Pirs.

'Lower castes' are referred to as Neech Jaat (low caste) and Badnasal (of bad lineage). In Balochistan the “lower castes” include Ghulams (slaves), Lohris (musicians), and Lachhis. Others like Hajjams (barbers), Dhobis (washers), Kumbhars (potters), Maachis/ Mallahs (fisherfolk) and Bhajeer (Dalit converts to Islam) are also considered “low caste”.

The social strata in Pakistan is called 'Biradari' (Urdu for 'brotherhood'). According to author Peter Anatol Lieven, the most important force in (Pakistani) society are Biradari, usually far stronger than any competing religious, ethnic, or ideological cause. Parties and political alliances in Pakistan are based on Biradari, not ideology. (Lieven, Anatol, Pakistan: A Hard Country). There are an estimated 40 castes in Pakistan.

The highest caste amongst Pakistani (and South Asian Muslims as a whole) are the Ashrafs, who claim foreign heritage. Within Ashrafs there are four divisions, viz Syed, Sheikh, Mughal and Pathan, from highest to lowest. This hierarchy is determined by the degree of nearness to Muhammad and which country they originate from; accordingly the Syeds (who trace descent from Fatima, Muhammad's daughter) have the highest status. Non-Ashraf Muslims are known as Aljafs, while lower caste Hindu converts are also often called Arzal (meaning 'degraded'.)

Just li

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Do your worst!

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

They’re on standbi

Pilot on me!!

Nothing, he was gladiator.

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

[Removed]

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

You take away their little brooms

Why

It’s pronounced “Noel.”

After all his first name is No-vac

What, then, is Chinese rap?

Edit:

Notable mentions from the comments:

• Spanish/Swedish/Swiss/Serbian hits

• French/Finnish art

• Country/Canadian rap

• Chinese/Country/Canadian rock

• Turkish/Tunisian/Taiwanese rap

There hasn't been a single post this year!

(Happy 2022 from New Zealand)

Nothing, it just waved

Him: I can explain everything!

(It's his best joke yet I think)

Bob

So that I could frequently say, "I am going to walk 5 miles now."

Edit: My most popular post on Reddit! 😀 Thank you for the awards.

Just to clarify, 12345678

Welcome back to the UPG of the Week! This week I decided to do a larger-ish ethnic minority, this one being the second largest people group in Japan, so meet the Ryukyuan people of Japan!

Region: Japan - Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa

Index Ranking (Urgency): 120

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Climate: The island has a humid subtropical climate bordering on a tropical rainforest climate. The island supports a dense northern forest and a rainy season occurring in the late spring.

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Terrain: The two largest islands are Okinawa (465 square miles [1,204 square km]) and Amami Great Island (275 square miles [712 square km]). The larger islands are generally volcanic in origin and have mountainous terrain, while most of the smaller islands are coralline and relatively flat. The climate is subtropical with considerable rainfall, and the archipelago is subject to annual typhoons.

Forest on Okinawa

Languages: Similarities between the Ryukyuan and Japanese languages suggests a common origin, possibly of immigrants from continental Asia to the archipelago.

Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.

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Government Type: Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

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People: Ryukyuan of Japan

Ryukyuan Man

Population: 1,179,000

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Beliefs: The Ryukuan are 0.15% Evangelical and only 2% Christian.. That means out of their population of 1,179,000, there are likely around 23,500 people who call themselves believers and roughly 1,700 believers who act like it. Thats roughly 1 person who calls themself a believer for every 50 unbeliever, but more realistically only one in 1000.

The Ryukyuan believe in the animist traditional animist religion.

While specific legends and traditions may vary slightly from place to place and island to island, the Ryukyuan religion is generally characterized by ancestor worship and the respecting of relationships between the living, the dead, and the gods and spirits of the natural world. Some of its beliefs, such as those concerning genius loci spirits and many other beings classified between gods and humans, are indicative of its

Alright folks, welcome back to the UPG of the Week! This week, meet the Orang Negeri Minangkabau of Malaysia. Now, I am not at all going to type that every time, so we will call these people Minang for short.

Region: Malaysia - Peninsular Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan

https://preview.redd.it/hnv6txuaklv71.png?width=425&format=png&auto=webp&s=60099e872358bc44873dc4deac0681c30c908ebc

Index Ranking (Urgency): 91

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Climate: The climate of West Malaysia, is generally hot and humid (tropical) with a mean temperature of about 26–30 degrees Celsius. Most of the rainfall is experienced during the inter-monsoon periods of April and October. The weather remains generally dry for the rest of the year with occasional showers.

https://preview.redd.it/f94f4ok8olv71.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=e0244cb06d84fbccd00e22f11b042a0e73929f22

Terrain: Peninsular Malaysia, containing 40 per cent of Malaysia's land area, extends 740 km (460 mi) from north to south, and its maximum width is 322 km (200 mi). It is divided between its east and west coasts by the Titiwangsa Mountains, rising to a peak elevation of 2,183 metres (7,162 ft) at Mount Korbu, part of a series of mountain ranges running down the centre of the peninsula. These mountains are heavily forested, and mainly composed of granite and other igneous rocks. Much of it has been eroded, creating a karst landscape. The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems. The coastal plains surrounding the peninsula reach a maximum width of 50 kilometres (31 mi), and the peninsula's coastline is nearly 1,931 km (1,200 mi) long, although harbours are only available on the western side.

A view of the city of Seremban

Environmental Issues: The national statistics showed that the state of some of the Malaysian environment is rather stressful. Urban air quality, river water quality, deforestation, costal reclamation, and endangered species are just a few of the issues in Malaysia.

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Languages: Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages, 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.

Malay, Baba Malay, Batek, Chitty Malay, Cheq Wong, Duano’, Jah Hut, Jahai, Jakun, Jedek, Kedah Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kenaboi, Kensiu, Kintaq, Kristang, Lanoh, Mah Meri, Minriq, Mintil, Mos, Negeri Sembilan M

Okay, who is ready for another 4 upvotes? Welcome back to the UPG of the week, where I spend a half hour researching and no one reads this! /s.... mostly. Anyways, meet the Brunei Malay, who I realized I had never covered their nation so here we are!

Region: Brunei

for those who didnt know where it was on a map

Index Ranking (Urgency): 86

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Climate: The climate in Brunei is tropical equatorial and humid subtropical at higher altitudes with heavy rainfall. The municipality of Bandar Seri Begawan's climate is tropical equatorial with two seasons. Dry season is extremely hot (24 to 36 °C or 75.2 to 96.8 °F). Wet or rainy season is generally warm and wet (20 to 28 °C or 68.0 to 82.4 °F). Most of the country is a flat coastal plain with mountains in the east and hilly lowland in the west. The lowest point is at sea level and the highest is Bukit Pagon (1,850 m or 6,070 ft). Brunei also experiences typhoons and flooding.

https://preview.redd.it/b25q1gvhz7u71.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=0858a47426a59c3e92502bbeb2a2b01162c20fef

Terrain: The terrain is a flat coastal plain that rises to mountainous in the east and hilly lowlands in the west. While earthquakes are quite rare, Brunei is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Most of Brunei is within the Borneo lowland rain forests ecoregion, which covers most of the island. Areas of mountain rain forests are located inland.

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Environmental Issues: Although to date Brunei Darussalam has no major environmental pollution problems, it is realized that proper management of the quality of the environment is essential in view of population growth, urbanization and economic development. Air pollution control is now a growing concern in Brunei.

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Languages: Malay, Brunei Malay, Kedayan, Tutong, Belait, Dusun, Bisaya, Murut, Iban, Arabic, English, Chinese, Nepali, Tamil, other Indian languages,

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Government Type: Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy

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People: Brunei Malay

https://preview.redd.it/gh4wa8sqw7u71.png?width=169&format=png&auto=webp&s=18be004943fd3d1024b2e607ee804de9ce55cefe

Population: 186,000

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Beliefs: The Brunei Malay are only 0.5% Christian. That means out of their population of 186,000 there are likely only arou

Welcome to another week of UPG posts! I am doing something different this month. I am going to be traveling the next few weeks so its really a good time. I am going to do a month of UPG prayers for Afghanistan. With all thats going on there, I figured we are r/Reformed could focus some prayer towards the nation that we love to hate on, and instead pour our hearts out for these peoples souls.

We will start with one of the largest people groups and move to some others over the course of the next few weeks. So, this week, meet the Pashtun of Afghanistan!

Region: Afghanistan - Kandahar, Zabul, Paktika Provinces

Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 1

>this is the most urgent and dangerous country in the world to be a Christian

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Climate: Afghanistan has a continental climate with harsh winters in the central highlands, the glaciated northeast (around Nuristan), and the Wakhan Corridor, where the average temperature in January is below −15 °C (5 °F) and can reach −26 °C (−15 °F), and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the Sistan Basin of the southwest, the Jalalabad basin in the east, and the Turkestan plains along the Amu River in the north, where temperatures average over 35 °C (95 °F) in July and can go over 43 °C (109 °F). The country is generally arid in the summers, with most rainfall falling between December and April. The lower areas of northern and western Afghanistan are the driest, with precipitation more common in the east. Although proximate to India, Afghanistan is mostly outside the monsoon zone, except the Nuristan Province which occasionally receives summer monsoon rain.

***All that said, the weather in the southern region a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh), characterised by little precipitation and high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Summers start in mid-May, last until late-September, and are extremely dry. Temperatures peak in July with a 24-hour daily average of around 31.9 °C (89.4 °F). They are followed by dry autumns from early October to late November, with days still averaging in the 20s °C (above 68 °F) into November, though nights are sharply cooler. Winter begins in December and sees most of its precipitation in the form of rain. Temperatures average 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) in January, although lows can drop well below freezing. They end in early-March and are followed by a pleasant spring till late-April with temperatures generally in the upper 10s °C to lower 30s °C (65–88 °F) ran

Hey guys, welcome to another week of UPG of the Week! I opened up Joshua Project today and the Khmer were at the top so, providentially, I am doing them, so meet the Khmer of Cambodia!

Region: Cambodia (yep, pretty much all of it)

https://preview.redd.it/f1ksw54lvfr71.png?width=425&format=png&auto=webp&s=33e12a6181403f93b07b6b0a3155acb0e5c985f1

Index Ranking (Urgency): 51

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Climate: Cambodia's climate, like that of the rest of Southeast Asia, is dominated by monsoons, which are known as tropical wet and dry because of the distinctly marked seasonal differences. Cambodia has a temperature range from 21 to 35 °C (70 to 95 °F) and experiences tropical monsoons. Southwest monsoons blow inland bringing moisture-laden winds from the Gulf of Thailand and Indian Ocean from May to October. The northeast monsoon ushers in the dry season, which lasts from November to April. The country experiences the heaviest precipitation from September to October with the driest period occurring from January to February.

According to the International Development Research Center and the UN, Cambodia is considered Southeast Asia's most vulnerable country to the effects of climate change. Nearly all provinces in Cambodia are affected by climate change. Rural coastal populations are particularly at risk. Shortages of clean water, extreme flooding, mudslides, higher sea levels and potentially destructive storms are of particular concern, according to the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance. Climate change has also had a major impact on water levels, ecology and productivity of the Tonlé Sap in recent years, affecting the food security and agriculture of a large proportion of Cambodia's population.

Cambodia has two distinct seasons. The rainy season, which runs from May to October, can see temperatures drop to 22 °C (72 °F) and is generally accompanied with high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to April when temperatures can rise up to 40 °C (104 °F) around April. Disastrous flooding occurred in 2001 and again in 2002, with some degree of flooding almost every year. Severe flooding also affected 17 provinces in Cambodia during the 2020 Pacific typhoon season.

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Terrain: Cambodia's landscape is characterized by a low-lying central plain that is surrounded by uplands and low mountains and includes the Tonle Sap (Great Lake) and the upper reaches of the Mekong River delta. Extending outward from this central region are transitional pl

I'm back and we are moving past Afghanistan this week to pray for more people groups in more places! So, this week, meet the Ngalon People of Bhutan!

Region: Bhutan - Western Bhutan (Thimphu, Gasa, Punakha, Wangdue Phodrang, Haa, Paro, Chukha)

https://preview.redd.it/rbeeczsqw9n71.png?width=425&format=png&auto=webp&s=4cef0831693cf1aed975f191ec0719d6c638d92d

Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 39

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Climate: Bhutan's climate varies with elevation, from subtropical in the south to temperate in the highlands and polar-type climate with year-round snow in the north. Bhutan experiences five distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. Western Bhutan has the heavier monsoon rains; southern Bhutan has hot humid summers and cool winters; central and eastern Bhutan are temperate and drier than the west with warm summers and cool winters.

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Terrain: Bhutan is on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas, landlocked between the Tibet Autonomous Region (#FreeTibet) of China to the north and the Indian states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam to west and south and the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh to the east. It lies between latitudes 26°N and 29°N, and longitudes 88°E and 93°E. The land consists mostly of steep and high mountains crisscrossed by a network of swift rivers that form deep valleys before draining into the Indian plains. Elevation rises from 200 m (660 ft) in the southern foothills to more than 7,000 m (23,000 ft). This great geographical diversity combined with equally diverse climate conditions contributes to Bhutan's outstanding range of biodiversity and ecosystems.

The Black Mountains in Bhutan's central region form a watershed between two major river systems: the Mo Chhu and the Drangme Chhu. Peaks in the Black Mountains range between 1,500 and 4,925 m (4,921 and 16,158 ft) above sea level, and fast-flowing rivers have carved out deep gorges in the lower mountain areas. The forests of the central Bhutan mountains consist of Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests in higher elevations and Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests in lower elevations. Woodlands of the central region provide most of Bhutan's forest production. The Torsa, Raidak, Sankosh, and Manas are Bhutan's main rivers, flowing through this region. Most of the population lives in the central highlands.

The highlands are the most populous part of the nation; the capital Thimphu lies in the western region. The region is char

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

There hasn't been a post all year!

Welcome to another week of UPG posts! Meet the Saharawi of Western Sahara!

Region: Western Sahara

Map of the tribes of Western Sahara

Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): NA*

>this is likely bc the people are hard to track AND the region is half controlled by Morocco and half declared themselves independent

Climate: The interior experiences extreme summer heat, with average highs reaching 43–45 °C (109–113 °F) in July and in August; during winter, days are still hot to very hot, with average highs from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F); however, in the northern part of the territory, the thermometer may drop below 0 °C (32 °F) at night and it can be freezing in December and in January, although this is rare.

While the area can experience flash flooding in the spring, there are no permanent streams. At times, a cool off-shore current can produce fog and heavy dew.

Terrain: Western Sahara contains four terrestrial ecoregions: Saharan halophytics, Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, Atlantic coastal desert, and North Saharan steppe and woodlands.

Western Sahara is located on the northwest coast in West Africa and on the cusp of North Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean to the northwest, Morocco proper to the north-northeast, Algeria to the east-northeast, and Mauritania to the east and south.

Among the most arid and inhospitable on the planet, the land along the coast is low flat desert and rises, especially in the north, to small mountains reaching up to 600 metres (2,000 ft) on the eastern side.

Environmental Issues: desertification; overgrazing; sparse water and lack of arable land

Languages: Spanish, Arabic (Hassaniya), Moroccan Arabic, Berber.

Government Type:

• Morocco - Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - Unitary one-party semi-presidential republic

>Its complicated... It looks like Morocco sort of owns it. Even the US has recognized their rule (in 2020 and only so that Morocco would be friends with Israel eyeroll). About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, while the remaining 80% of the territory is occupied and administered by neighboring Morocco.

People: Saharawi of Western Sahara

https://preview.redd.it/jkrrh6vibcg71.pn