It's my impression that rebellions, civil wars, and coups really only work if there are people with power at the helm: nobles, military leaders, or other elites. As in the title, I only know of one exception.

In the eras that you study, are there other successful rebellions that were primarily moved by the lower class, without much elite assistance?

What happens now?

In 1644 a peasant leader named Li Zicheng rose up against the failing Ming Dynasty. Li's army captured Beijing, and the final Ming Emperor committed suicide. Li then declared the establishment of the Shun dynasty and claimed the Mandate of Heaven.

Historically, the Shun only held Beijing for several months, and was overthrown by the Qing who took advantage of the power vacuum to establish their own rule over China. Li himself was killed in 1645.

What if they managed to hold on and defeat the Qing forces to prevent them from taking over?

What would a Shun China look like?

The period following the collapse of the Empire of the Great Ming 大明 was a time of apocalyptic destruction, disorder, and despair. Crops failed, weather became erratic, trade was interrupted, the imperial system collapsed and the social order had been thrown into turmoil. The rigid structures of the late Ming world were swept into a traumatic whirlwind and dashed into the dust. All that was once certain had become unsure; all that was once right had been shown to be in error. A new generation of intellectual thinkers and rulers bloomed amid the death.

The quixotic episode of Li Zicheng's 李自成 rise to power led to the foundation of the short-lived Shun Empire 大順. China was reunified briefly following Li's victory at Shanhai Pass 山海關 and his destruction of the Southern Ming 南明, which had fortuitously entered into an internecine civil war between forces loyal to three rival Zhu 朱 (ruling house of Ming) emperors. This unification would last only for two decades, however, as the death of the Yongyuan Emperor 永源 in 1668 heralded the revolt of his general Hao Yaoqi 郝搖旗, the Duke of Yin 殷公, whose loyalty had lay with Li Zicheng and not his 19 year old upstart son, Li Bing 李禀 whom Hao thought was far too inexperienced and academic, unfit for the task of a martial emperor, destined to lead the Great Shun to ruin.

Many among the officers agreed with him. Pondering that there was not a generation of princes ready to take back the throne like there had been when the Jianwen Emperor 建文 was overthrown by the Yongle Emperor 永樂, he believed that the Shun state facing a weak succession so early in its history, with only a few very young descendants of the Emperor Gaozu 高祖 in existence, was such a bad omen for the future that he felt it his only choice to rebel with his forces in the south and attempt to establish his own dynasty, naming it the Great Yin 大殷

Zuo Liangyu 左良玉, meanwhile, was a former Southern Ming general on the run from the Shun who saw an opportunity when local peasants revolted and took it, becoming a warlord in Ganzhou 贛州 after Hao's revolt. Hao, seeking to shore up his power as best he could, allied himself with several former Ming warlords and bandits like Zuo. The Great Shun was at first able to contain Hao's army in the southwest as a result of a costly war from 1668-1673, forcing him on the retreat into the highlands of Yunnan 雲南, and into the service of the Tibetan Dzungar Sargal, who had declared himself Khan of the Later Yuan 後元 in Kunming 昆明 year

I am writing an essay on administrative law in a modern context, and one of my sources references the fact that these two institutions (in addition to the Spartan Eflore, Athenian Euthynai, Roman Tribune and the Council of Ten in Venice) were examples of power of rulers being in some way moderated for the people.

I have references I can refer to for the latter ones I mentioned, but I cannot find hide nor hair of anything about an 'O Olho de Rei' or 'Yuan' of that particular context that references anything other than my original article, which doesn't reference anything itself!

I have a reference referring to King Cyrus having great administrative policies, but it's not quite the same thing...

Any experts able to shed light on the matter?

I

You are a happy-go-lucky boy... man of 14. You have beautiful purple eyes and the gold-silver hair that will make you the star of any shampoo advertisement. Not that you would need to work. You are as close to the throne as any Targaryen born from the union of a brother and sister can be.

Ok, maybe not that close. Grandad is still on the throne, not yet sixty and between him and you is your Father, the barely 34 years old heir apparent. And the throne should came to your line only because your uncle Dunk, whom you actually admire, married a crazy lady with flowers in her hair and forfeited his right. You don’t like her though, because she is to blame for your parents deciding to marry you with Rhaella, the sister you can’t stand. But you are only 14, your marriage and the Throne seem stories for another day.

You only care about having fun with your mates, Steffon and Tywin. Great guys. Steffon, who is also your cousin, is bigger than life and Tywin, well... one might think he is an actually wet blanket who will never smile for his life, when the truth is Tywin knows the best brot... establishments in King’s Landing where three noble lads can have lots of fun without Mom and Dad’s knowledge.

You like fun. Music, parties, tourneys... Although in the last tourney you haven’t faired well, and fortunately, neither did your mates. The day was won by a nobody, a certain Tristifer... or was it Bonifer? Who cares? The lickspittle crowned your sister the Queen of Love and Beauty and now she walks like she is above of you all. Rhaella... Queen of Love and Beauty... she who is 13, no tits and always such a goodie two shoes. The Tristifer - Bonifer guy was blind. At least you and your mates made a lot of fun about his name in the yard.

Weeks pass, in truth not so many, and you almost notice your sister Rhaella doesn’t look that pleased with herself anymore. In fact, all your folks seem somewhat distraught. You are unexpectedly summoned and told you and Rhaella will marry. Hastily. You protest - you are but 14, you really don’t like Rhaella and, sorry Mom and Dad, but I am not even in the incest stuff. Nobody listens. You and Rhaella are wedded in bedded. You are somewhat afraid. You always have been around Rhaella. But now, for the first time in her life Rhaella seems afraid of you. In fact, you can feel how much she loathes the idea of you touching her. And somehow this makes you feel aroused enough to do your husbandly duty.

Thanks the gods you don’t have

Introduction

This will be a much-requested post in which I summarize, in chronological order, my Grand Unified Theories. I will provide citations to my long-form posts where you can find more details and evidence, if it strikes you. Even summarized it’s still pretty long, so I’m sorry for that in advance (TL;DR ended up being kind of ironic by the time I was finished).

If I do a good job at this, hopefully I won’t have to clarify anything. If you’re unfamiliar with my theories and reading this, I ask that you check the cited chapters for more details before offering criticism of the timeline! I’m specifically omitting evidence in order to keep this one brief and easy to follow!

Please note: for brevity’s sake, I will often use a specific date for an event that has a range (i.e. something happened between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. might be labeled 1500 B.C.). Don’t take the exact numbers as gospel! The order in which the events occur and their approximate place on the timeline is what’s important.

It is also important to note that this will not be an exhaustive timeline. I will mostly only include contextualizing events and things that are a part of my theories.

This will include historical events in both the East and the West, but the labels and terminology for the timeline will be in Westerosi terms.

The Dawn Age (40,000 B.C. - 10,000 B.C)

40,000 B.C. - The world is young. Giants, Lions, Unicorns, the Children of the Forest are all commonplace at this time. The world’s First Tree, Ygg, is already ancient beyond memory. The cycle of the seasons is regular and lasts one year, as this was the time before the seasons were broken. Two moons float in the sky, and mankind is yet a young and savage race. [6][7]

22,000 B.C. - Garth Greenhand, an incredibly powerful sorcerer, is born in the Far East. Over the course of centuries, he unites the tribes of the Jade Sea along with his younger brother, another powerful sorcerer. [7][8]

In the Far East, Garth is remembered as the God on Earth, because he was worshiped as a Green God, demanding human sacrifice in exchange for making the land bloom. He taught mankind to farm, and the first cities in the world began to spring up along the coast of the Jade Sea. [7]

18,000 B.C. - Garth and his brother, having united the Eastern peopl

Background

I’m a former ultra Orthodox Jew. My husband and I left orthodoxy about a year and a half ago and now live a secular life in a quiet US suburb. I’m still processing the trauma I endured growing up in a very insular society. I had a bit of rebellion in my early 20s when I followed my ex “off the derech” aka out of the fold, but when his behaviour got disturbing I associated it with his rejection of God and became more religious than ever before.

Based on my upbringing, I’ve noticed there are some things many snarkers who didn’t grow up this way might overlook.

Why did JB choose this hill to die on?

In visibly religious communities, we are seen see ourselves as examples of God’s shining light onto the world. We are proof of how good life can be if you just follow God. As a result, the ends justify the means: our image is everything, especially to the outside world. We can’t have anyone thinking we are hypocritical as it might turn them away from God.

Their “ministry” is everything to them, they believe (or tell themselves) that this dirt coming out is worse than their daughters feeling safe. It’s a numbers game: if Josh’s sins don’t come out, only he loses salvation. If they do, then thousands if not millions will be deterred from salvation.

Of course we know that it’s just to save face and cope with / avoid embarrassment. They’ve touted their lifestyle as the key to raising good, well-behaved children who are strong beacons of morality. Now their eldest is exposed as the ultimate in moral depravity. Their entire movement would be called into question and seen as not only failing to achieve its stated objectives, but bringing people even further away from them than before. Everything they spent their lives building would be destroyed. They did not want the fallout, nor did they want their kids and relations leaving the fold (aka JB’s locus of control) as a result of being asked to join on “false pretenses”. If it didn’t work for Josh, then what makes you say it’ll work for me? JB will go from king of his empire to the emperor with no clothes. He couldn’t stand for that. So he uses his concern for people’s souls as an excuse.

There is also the fact that if JB and M were to admit to themselves their son did that, then all that time, sacrifice, money and effort shielding from the “evil” outside world was in vain, and utterly wasted, because an even worse evil lurked within. They’ll have to admit to the whole world they were wron

So, a few months back I asked if there was a way to justify a ComStar remnant group disappearing into the Deep Periphery to rebuild. Largely because I was unhappy with the unsatisfying way in which they had been killed off. I intended largely to throw together a mix of ideas to justify this and then experiment with a few cultural elements to flesh things out.

Well, it ended up being thirteen pages in length. I'll likely rework a fair few bits of this later on, so consider this the Mk. 1 backstory.

Maclnir Commonwealth

Regional Information:

Time Period: 3087 - Present

Classification: Deep Periphery State

Systems Controlled: 4

National Motto: “Morte solum vincula fidelitatis solvuntur.” (Official)

“The warrior serves the worker.” (Unofficial)

Governmental Information:

Organization Type: Crusader State

Head of State: Princeps

Commander-in-Chief: High Marshall

Executive Branch: Council Primaris

Legislative Branch: Council Secundus

Military Branch: The Commonwealth Guard

Secret Service: The Stormwatch Institute

Societal Information:

Capital: Telisgrad (city) Khigan (planet)

Official languages: German (dominant), Hungarian, French, English, Irish

Average Life Expectancy: 36.5

History:

Emigration:

The first whispers of what would become the Maclnir Commonwealth were born in the aftermath of Tukayyid. Between the failure of Operation SCORPION and the vast amounts of Clantech in the inner sphere, ComStar’s original ambitions lay in ruins. Many privately questioned if the battle had been worth it, and this would only steadily increase as one disaster after another dominated the following decades.

The loss of Terra. The sundering of ComStar and the rise of the Blakists. The death of the Second Star League. The failure of Victor Steiner Davion’s leadership and Case White. The Jihad. The White-Out. Any one loss would have been enough, leaving ComStar as a shadow of its former self, but combined they all but broke the organisation. As what remained of the Com Guards fought on in their wars, whispers gradually became discussions. What would happen if they survived the Jihad?

In every plan, every possibility of victory, the answer was always the same: ComStar would be a remnant. Made subservient to another government if not outright disbanded, they would never again be allowed any true power of any form. In the worst of situations they would likely be tarred with the same brush as the Word of Blake, and held trial for the

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

I’ve heard and read often how that or another story has a good world building, and others shows have poor world building. I’ve also heard how many dislike isekai stories because those tend to have poor and lazy world building, and I’ve heard that Shield Hero too have poor world building. I strongly disagree with such statements. And because I’m obsessed of this awesome story, I’d like to brought up my opinions on what a good world building looks like, and why I think Shield Hero has good world building.

Firstly, I do not think adding ton of stuff, places or names makes a good world building. You can have massive map with thousand and one named location, and it wouldn’t be any different from randomly generated maps. In my opinion the most important part of any world building is having coherent and interconnected world.

Lord of the Rings is the quintessential example of excellent world building, but I don’t know how many understand why it’s so great. Sure, there is maps and unique languages, but that’s not all. Let’s look at seven walled Minas Tirith, the capital of Gondor. What makes this place such a good addition to Tolkien’s world building of Middle Earth? Isn’t it just another settlement surrounded by walls? No. It’s far more. Minas Tirith isn’t even a proper city originally. The original capital of Gondor was Osgiliath, placed at both sides of largest river in the area, Anduin. With their technology level river access is vital for major cities, because both people and material can be moved faster by water than land. This largest city of Gondor required protection, and thus 2 castles were built either side of Anduin: Minas Anor and Minas Ithil. Lot of stuff happened after building of these sites, but in the end Minas Ithil fell to the shadow and was renamed Minas Morgul, Osgiliath was destroyed and abandoned, administration moved to Minas Anor, now known as Minas Tirith, meaning Tower of Guard. As Minas Tirith was built as fortification unlike Osgiliath, it made it better at withstanding the onslaught of Mordor.

Minas Tirith isn’t good world building because it has a cool name and neat design. It’s great because there’s in universe reason why it’s where it is, why it was built the way it is and how it relates to broader history and current situation. That’s splendid world building.

In my opinion you can add just about anything to your world and make them follow any rules you want. BUT you have to make those things and rules consistent, and consi

With the release of Enkanomiya, we have greater insight into the lives of ancient Teyvatians - to a time dating to when Khaenri'ah existed. One of the main things we discover is the lore surrounding the "Golden Bridle" - an artifact which let the people of Enkanomiya artificially create night and day in their cave. This imagery links to existing lore (in particular - that relating to the abyss).

This meta explores this link - and in particular, extrapolates from the lore to theorise about the nature of humanity on Teyvat in ancient times.

---

Contents

1. Basics about human history in Teyvat
   1.1. Original culture
   1.2. After the cataclysm
2. The golden bridle
   2.1. Links to myth, fable, and reality
3. From myth to history
   3.1. The Abyss
   3.2. The origins of humanity and of Celestia
   3.3. The laws of Teyvat
4. Conclusion

---

1. Basics about human history in Teyvat

Although we know a lot about human history through actual historical recollections and the such (e.g., the lore that exists about the Aristocratic era in Mondstadt), there is a gap between what we can glean regarding relatively recent events and those which are ancient (e.g., Sal Vind).

The new lore in Enkanomiya helps shed some light about both of these - although mostly in regard to the latter.

1.1 Original culture

Although it is not surprising by any means, Eboshi confirms:

>Before Byakuyakoku fell into the deep sea, the whole world had a single unified culture.

This accords with what we know about humans' ancient culture - the ubiquitous "ancient" architecture, the use of Latin, etc.

She continues:

>Later, a great war broke out, in which the heavens capsized and the earth was ripped asunder. This land was then plunged into the dark ocean depths.
>
>However, the heavenly order seemed not to wish for those who remembered all this to remain on the earth.

Notably, this suggests an alternative to the theory (based upon Honkai Impact's lore) that it is technological advancement which determines whether Celestia destroys civilisations. A potential example is Sal Vind - forsaken and destroyed by Celestia.

1.2 After the cataclysm

As I have mentioned, the remants of the pre-cataclysm society exist primarily in ruined, abandoned cities.

A living remnant, however, is in the Archons' names - Morax, Barbatos, etc. are similar to the Enkanomiya people's original names - Abraxas, etc.

Eboshi asks the Traveller to not share the truth of Enkanomiya

I really don’t understand this historical phenomenon. How and especially why would a society ever despise and shun something as natural and harmless as a sexual and romantic orientation? The only answer I can think of is to ensure the continuation of dynasties, but it doesn’t seem enough to create such a strong, deep and impactful interdiction, what am I missing?

**"Fortune Cookie Words"**

Words that have been created in West, claimed to have Chinese Origin, but was never or extremely rare to be used in China.

**"Mandate of Heaven"**

Most western history books and videos use the term "Mandate of Heaven" to describe Chinese Dynasty cycles. However, Strangely most Chinese Students and Scholars have never heard this term before, as the term "mandate of heaven" was never used in actual historic context.

**what is "Mandate of Heaven" in Chinese: **

if "Mandate of Heaven" is so important in Chinese, it must have a corresponding term, Wiki page of "Mandate of Heaven" translated it into "TianMing 天命”, which is term that's been used as other meaning. In book of "Zhongyong"(Doctrine of Mean, four books of confucianism), Tiamming Means the morality the Heaven have given to human beings, so human being will act in good. There's also a famous Confucius Quote: "五十知天命”, when Someone turned to 50 years old, he started to understand TianMing, which is heavenly destiny, or nature of things, not everything can be in control, not everything will go as expected, just go with flow.

Starting from Song Dynasty, "TianMing" is also been used by Fortunetellers of Neo-Confucius Scholars, as the destiny of a man, as someone who's destined to be rich, General, Ministers, Even King or Emperor.

In Short, Tianming was rarely used in any history context to describe anything related to rise and fall of Chinese dynasty.

**Origin of "Mandate of Heaven" in English: **

>tianming, Wade-Giles romanization t'ien ming (Chinese: “mandate of heaven”), in Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that heaven (tian) conferred directly upon an emperor, the son of heaven (tianzi), the right to rule. The doctrine had its beginnings in the early Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 bce).

https://www.britannica.com/topic/tianming

so this term was brought in by someone who's native language isn't Chinese.

**something close to "Mandate of Heaven" in Chinese**

There's a few terms that's been used in history that might be similar to "Mandate of Heaven" one is "Shun Tian Ying Ren 顺天应人" from book of Yi (周易 革） Which can be translated as "follow the heaven and respond by people" to describe how Zhou Dynasty replaced Shang Dynasty. Occasionally, the Heaven part can be translated into Heaven's Will or Mandate of heaven, but it's important to notice that it need to be responded by the people.

天意 Tianyi: will

Hello, r/ badhistory,

Recently a well known YouTuber, whose channel name is Kraut, made a video, comparing the processes of socio-political change and evolution that have come to define the modern day nation states of India and China. The video made observations on the history of these nation states, to ascertain why the two societies are the way they are today, which characteristics and phenomenons shaped them and compares them as well. I shall link the video here and I shall provide time stamps wherever possible. I will also paraphrase the video and I shall try to remain as accurate to the video as possible in terms of wording, however I do suggest giving this video a watch.

Finally, I would also like to say, that while I find myself agreeing with the overall point that Kraut makes in the video, I find his observations on Indian history questionable and many of his points seem to misrepresent Indian history. It is for a correction of these points, that this post is intended. With all of this said, we can begin.

9:00 to 9:40

>Brahmic religions played a core role in the creation of the first social structures of India.....

>A society of castes developed called "Varnas"

>Untouchables, divided into "Daltis", "Harijans" and "Pariahs"

We can begin by addressing this section where Kraut touches upon the emergence of social structures in India. Here, the claim is that it was the Brahmin religions that created the first social structures in India, these being Varnas and Jatis. The Brahmins or priestly class being at the top of this heirarchial structure and the Kshatriya or warrior class below them, the Vaishyas or aristocratic/merchant class below them, and the Shudras or labour class below them as well. While the untouchables, namely the "Daltis", harijans and pariahs being outside of this 4 fold structure. (Note : Astute observers of Indian history will notice that Kraut says "Daltis" instead of "Dalits")

These statements appear to be vague, and are not reflective of the social processes that led to the emergence of Jatis and Varnas and neither do they place the development of social structures in India in the appropriate order and context. Let us try and piece together these rather generalised and seemingly synonymous terms.

To begin with, we need to understand the process of development of social structures in the Indian subcontinent . According to Romila Thapar in *Early India

Many thanks to u/Unknown_Seagull for recommending this weird little book to me in the distant past of 6 months ago. While I can’t meaningfully compare it to the original French version, I thought the English translation conveyed the story, tone, and style really well.

I had a dim awareness of Harry Dickson, The American Sherlock Holmes, but didn’t make the connection that this was the same author who wrote those pulp detective stories (over a hundred within seven years!) until I read the introduction to Malpertuis. It turns out Ray was asked to translate the stories from German, but found them so bad that he asked his publisher if he could rewrite them instead. The publisher was like, “Sure, Jean. Whatever. Just make sure they’re the same length and still match the covers.”

Why do I bring this up? Because this boss move is just one of many anecdotes about Jean Ray that paints a picture of a fascinating personality with a jaw-dropping work ethic and a prodigious capacity for playing games with the truth. He truly deserves an Author Appreciation post by someone more familiar with his oeuvre, but I’ll try to keep this focused on Malpertuis, a hidden gem for fans of Gormenghast, House of Leaves, and The Haunting of Hill House.

If you think that tells you all you need to know, I’m begging you to trust that feeling and go in as blind as you can. DO NOT GO TO WIKIPEDIA. It’s only a stub, but it describes the entire book in one line that completely spoils one of the coolest things about it. Dun do it.

OTHER BINGO SQUARES:

First Person POV (Hard Mode)

New to You Author (Hard Mode probably)

Mystery Plot (Normal)

SUMMARY: Malpertuis is a puzzle box of nested narratives wrested from a set of manuscripts stolen from a monastery. A bizarre collection of distrustful relatives has gathered together in the ancient stone mansion of a sea-trading dynasty for the impending death of the occult scientist, Uncle Cassave, and the reading of his will. Forced to dwell together for the remainder of their lives within the stifling walls of Malpertuis for the sake of a cursed inheritance, their banal existence gradually gives way to love affairs and secret plots, as the building slowly exposes a malevolence that eventually leads to a series of ghastly deaths.

*The eccentric personalities it houses―which include an obsessive taxidermist, a hypochondriac, a trio of vengeful sisters and a former paint store manager who has gone mad―begin to she

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

They’re on standbi

This is, as the title says, an unfinished write-up/outline concerning a timeline in which the Shun dynasty, founded by Li Zicheng in 1644 during the collapse of the Ming empire, is able to defeat the Manchu and Wu Sangui at Shanhai Pass. I'm eventually going to break this up into sections for a wikibox series I am working on for AH.com. It's very much unfinished, of course, and I'm still plotting out the timeline. It ends abruptly for now.

The period following the collapse of the Ming Empire was a time of apocalyptic destruction, disorder, and despair. Crops failed, weather became erratic, trade was interrupted, the imperial system collapsed and the social order had been thrown into turmoil. The rigid structures of the late Ming world were swept into a traumatic whirlwind and dashed into the dust. All that was once certain had become unsure; all that was once right had been shown to be in error. A new generation of intellectual thinkers and rulers bloomed amid the death.

The quixotic episode of Li Zicheng's rise to power led to the foundation of the short-lived Shun Empire. China was reunified briefly following Li's victory at Shanhai Pass and his destruction of the Southern Ming, which had fortuitously entered into an internecine civil war between forces loyal to three rival Zhu emperors. This unification would last only for two decades, however, as the Yongchang Emperor's death heralded the revolt of his general Hao Yaoqi, whose loyalty had lay with Li Zicheng and not his upstart son, whom Hao had never personally liked.

Zuo Liangyu, meanwhile, was a former Southern Ming general on the run from the Shun who saw an opportunity when local peasants revolted and took it, becoming a local warlord in Jiangxi after Hao's revolt. Hao, seeking to shore up his power as best he could, allied himself with several former Ming warlords and bandits like Zuo. The Great Shun was at first able to defeat Hao's armies in a costly war from 1664-1675, forcing him on the retreat into the highlands. However, Hao's death coincided with Zuo usurping the throne from his young heir and establishing his own Wu dynasty in 1676. His outlook hardened by the failures of the late Ming, he thought to reestablish rigid order in the land through the expulsion of foreign forces seen as corrupting the country and state. Ironically, Zuo appealed to the fears of the people of chaos and anarchy to attain power, even though his war caused great disruption.

The Gr

Do your worst!