A list of puns related to "Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y2"
Structural transitions of crucial molecular switches of the activation of the human neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 are reported from the 13C‐tryptophan labeled molecule by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy in lipid membranes. The molecule shows high structural dynamics in the apo and agonist‐bound states, which is reduced by arrestin binding.
Dynamic structural transitions within the seven‐transmembrane bundle represent the mechanism by which G‐protein‐coupled receptors convert an extracellular chemical signal into an intracellular biological function. Here, the conformational dynamics of the neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) during activation was investigated. The apo, full agonist‐, and arrestin‐bound states of Y2R were prepared by cell‐free expression, functional refolding, and reconstitution into lipid membranes. To study conformational transitions between these states, all six tryptophans of Y2R were 13C‐labeled. NMR‐signal assignment was achieved by dynamic‐nuclear‐polarization enhancement and the individual functional states of the receptor were characterized by monitoring 13C NMR chemical shifts. Activation of Y2R is mediated by molecular switches involving the toggle switch residue Trp2816.48 of the highly conserved SWLP motif and Trp3277.55 adjacent to the NPxxY motif. Furthermore, a conformationally preserved “cysteine lock”‐Trp11623.50 was identified.
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NMR spectroscopy sheds light on receptor activation: Molecular switches are conserved motifs of G protein‐coupled receptors that undergo structural changes during activation. Tryptophan residues are often part of these molecular switches and thus provide insights in the activation mechanism of the molecule. In their Research Article (DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006075) Daniel Huster et al. use NMR spectroscopy to monitor structural alterations of the neuropeptide Y1 receptor with atomic resolution observable by changes in the chemical shifts of six native tryptophan residues.
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I would like to know if certain hormones, like dopamine, can bind to neurons in the brain and stimulate an action potential that leads to the release of neurotransmitters / neuropeptides.
Does anyone know?
Neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 Receptor Antagonists as Potential Anti-Obesity Drugs: Current Status
Antonio Moreno-Herrera, Abraham Garcia, Isidro Palos and Gildardo Tivera Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, VOLUME: 14, ISSUE: 11, 2014, Pages 896-919 DOI: 10.2174/1389557514666141029233816
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mrmc/2014/00000014/00000011/art00003?crawler=true
Hopefully this is the right place to ask this. I'm designing a laser cutter using the parts from the 101hero since I assume most people would have upgraded from it by now and likely have the parts lying around with nothing to do with them. It will be 2 axis and there is 4 steppers total so I'm trying to run 2 steppers per axis, it uses 28byj-48 12v 1/32 steppers driven by A4988 stepper drivers however the 4th motor (the extruder) is 1/64. I was hoping to run 2 motors per axis to overcome the poor torque supplied by cheap steppers. Is there any way to run the second Y Axis motor at twice the speed (or the first at half). Or would using a 28 tooth pulley on one motor and a 14 tooth on the other the best option?
Dynamic structural transitions within the seven‐transmembrane bundle represent the mechanism by which G protein‐coupled receptors convert an extracellular chemical signal into an intracellular biological function. Here, the conformational dynamics of the neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) during activation was investigated. The apo, full agonist‐ and arrestin‐bound states of Y2R were prepared by cell‐free expression, functional refolding, and reconstitution into lipid membranes. To study the conformational transitions between these states, all six tryptophans of Y2R were 13 C‐labeled. NMR signal assignment was achieved by dynamic nuclear polarization enhancement and the individual functional states of the receptor were characterized by monitoring 13 C NMR chemical shifts. Activation of Y2R is mediated by molecular switches involving the toggle switch residue Trp281 6.48 of the highly conserved SWLP motif and Trp327 7.55 adjacent to the NPxxY motif. Furthermore, a conformationally preserved “cysteine lock”‐Trp116 23.50 was identified.
https://ift.tt/3kFMgsG
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