PART 2: THE LONG AND TUMULTUOUS SHARED HISTORY OF ROMANCE AND GERMANIC NATIONS

This is Part 2-D-η, the direct continuation of 2-D-ζ, which you can find here: https://www.reddit.com/r/AttackOnRetards/comments/rjxxzr/continuation_of_my_previous_posts_about_the/

2-D: THE OTHER ROMANCE AND GERMANIC NATIONS IN THE MIDDLE AGES

2-D-η: ROMAN AND MEDIEVAL NETHERLANDS

Roman Era

ROMAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE NETHERLANDS

https://preview.redd.it/b7rang3gvh981.png?width=782&format=png&auto=webp&s=e8f401547411e798278ee6b786835f0d78aeaf6d

During the Gallic Wars, the Belgic area south of the Oude Rijn and west of the Rhine was conquered by Roman forces under Julius Caesar in a series of campaigns from 57 BC to 53 BC. The tribes located in the area of the Netherlands at this time did not leave behind written records, so all the information known about them during this pre-Roman period is based on what the Romans and Greeks wrote about them. One of the most important is Caesar's own Commentarii de Bello Gallico. Two main tribes he described as living in what is now the Netherlands were the Menapii, and the Eburones, both in the south, which is where Caesar was active. He established the principle that the Rhine defined a natural boundary between Gaul and Germania Magna. But the Rhine was not a strong border, and he made it clear that there was a part of Belgic Gaul where many of the local tribes (including the Eburones) were "Germani cisrhenani", or in other cases, of mixed origin.

Starting about 15 BC, the part of the Rhine in the Netherlands came to be defended by the Lower Limes Germanicus. After a series of military actions, the Rhine became fixed around 12 AD as Rome's northern frontier on the European mainland. A number of towns and developments would

The 1500 Diet of Augsburg has concluded, and a number of reforms have successfully passed through the Colleges and become new Imperial Laws. The three reforms will be rolled out imminently across the empire. Following the successful passage of these reforms, there shall be a period of festivities running in Augsburg until the end of the year. Feasts, tournaments, marriages, festivals, games and other merry making will be common in the city. All are invited to take place.

 

 

The reforms are:

 

I. Reichskreise

The Empire is to be divided into a number of administrative districts, called circles, whose purpose shall be to expedite the processes of the organization of a common defensive structure and the collection of imperial taxes. Additionally, in future diets, these circles shall be the basis for organization within the chambers and colleges of the diet.

the Bavarian Circle

the Franconian Circle

the Upper Saxon Circle

the Lower Saxon Circle

the Swabian Circle

the Upper Rhenish Circle

the Lower Rhenish Circle

The lands of the electors and the territories of the Archduchy of Austria and Burgundy shall remain unencircled.

 

II. Reichsregiment

There shall be created an Imperial Council, headed by the Emperor (or his representative), which will include 20 other members representing the ecclesiastic and secular princes, the various estates of the Empire, and the free cities. The composition of these 20 members has been established as follows;

The 6 German Electors, a voted candidate from each of the 7 Imperial Circles, as well as 7 states determined by the Princes College. In addition, these 7 elected council members of the Imperial Circles, shall also act as the heads of their respective circles.

Finally, the Electors have made the determination that while the Emperor shall act as the honorary head of this Council, the Archbishop of Mainz and the Count Palatinate of the Rhine shall be advisory heads of the Council.

Electors

1. Mainz

2. Palatinate

3. Saxony

4. Brandenburg

5. Trier

6. Cologne

Circle Heads

7. County of Egmont (Lower Rhenish Circle)

8. Duchy of Lorraine (Upper Rhenish Circle)

9. Margraviate of Baden-Baden (Swabian Circle)

10. Archbishopric of Salzburg (Bavarian Circle)

11. Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Franconian Circle)

12. Bishopric of Brandenburg (Upper Saxon Circle)

13. Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Lower Saxon Circle)

IMPORTANT: I only decided to write and post this discussion prompt because some people believe the answer to this question to be yes and even compared France to what China has been doing and I want you guys to talk about it.

First cultural genocide is generally defined as the intentional acts of destruction of a culture of a specific nationality or ethnic group. Cultural genocide and regular genocide are not mutually exclusive. However, be aware that it is a scholarly term used mainly in academia and does not yet have a legal definition in any national or international laws.

Second, the French Republic has multiple regional languages and non-standard indigenous dialects within its modern borders known colloquially as patois. The modern standard French language as we know it today is based on the regional variant spoken by the aristocracy in Paris. Up until the educational reforms of the late 19th century, only a quarter of people in France spoke French as their native language while merely 10% spoke and only half could understand it at the time of the French Revolution. Besides the over 10 closest relatives of French (known as the Langues d'oïl or Oïl languages) spoken in the northern half of France such as Picard and Gallo, there are also Occitan in the southern half aka Occitania, Breton, Lorraine Franconian, Alsatian, Dutch, Franco-Provençal, Corsican, and even Catalan and Basque.

Here are the list of things France has done and still practices in regards to its policies on cultural regions and linguistic minorities:

• Rather than a break with the past, the French Revolution was a continuation of the formation of the French state from its feudal and fragmented origin into a unified country long worked o

I don't want to step on anybody's toes here, but the amount of non-dad jokes here in this subreddit really annoys me. First of all, dad jokes CAN be NSFW, it clearly says so in the sub rules. Secondly, it doesn't automatically make it a dad joke if it's from a conversation between you and your child. Most importantly, the jokes that your CHILDREN tell YOU are not dad jokes. The point of a dad joke is that it's so cheesy only a dad who's trying to be funny would make such a joke. That's it. They are stupid plays on words, lame puns and so on. There has to be a clever pun or wordplay for it to be considered a dad joke.

Again, to all the fellow dads, I apologise if I'm sounding too harsh. But I just needed to get it off my chest.

Do your worst!

We are starting in the year 919 AD. Things are not going well. The mighty empire of Charlemagne has fallen apart. What we have instead are a multitude of puny kingdoms. Their feeble rulers are being pushed around by formidable barons. The frontiers are breached. In the north the Vikings and Danes are ransacking towns and villages along the coasts and even deep inland. In the east the Slavs are burning Hamburg. And in the south the most terrifying of them all, the Magyars, a steppe tribe like the Huns and the Mongols, are marauding all the way from Bavaria to Northern Spain.

One of those crumbling kingdoms was East Francia covering most of what is today West Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Its ruler, Konrad, was the last king who traced his claim back to Charlemagne himself, though it was by adoption only. After 8 years of fruitless civil and foreign wars, Conrad, exhausted and disillusioned, gave up and died. For six months the throne remained vacant.

By rights, the crown should have gone to the West Francian King Charles the Simple as the most senior member of the Carolingian family. However, the four German dukes of Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria, and Saxony agreed on one thing and one thing only, that Charles should not be king.

Ruling Charles out left only three credible contenders, Eberhard of Franconia, brother of the deceased king Konrad, Arnulf of Bavaria, and Henry of Saxony. Burkhard of Swabia was otherwise occupied in his own little civil war.

Eberhard held the greatest of the four duchies and was the closest blood relative of the last ruler, so by all accounts he ought to succeed him.

According to the chronicles, Konrad on his deathbed beseeched his brother Eberhard not to take the reign but to offer it to Henry, duke of Saxony. And it says that Eberhard dutifully travelled to Henry’s castle at Quedlinburg to present him with the crown. There he found Henry more interested in his favourite pastime, catching songbirds – hence his nickname “the Fowler”- rather than in pursuing power.

That story is in equal measure cute as it is made up. Note, there were six months between Konrad’s death and Eberhard’s visit. Even though roads in 10th century Germany were pretty awful he could have made that journey in a lot less than six months. It is more likely that used this time to think through the implications of taking up his brother’s mantle. Objectively the kingdom of East Francia was a hospital pass. The king was expected to use up all his resource

I'm surprised it hasn't decade.

For context I'm a Refuse Driver (Garbage man) & today I was on food waste. After I'd tipped I was checking the wagon for any defects when I spotted a lone pea balanced on the lifts.

I said "hey look, an escaPEA"

No one near me but it didn't half make me laugh for a good hour or so!

Edit: I can't believe how much this has blown up. Thank you everyone I've had a blast reading through the replies 😂

It really does, I swear!

Because she wanted to see the task manager.

Heard they've been doing some shady business.

BamBOO!

They’re on standbi

Pilot on me!!

Christopher Walken

Nothing, he was gladiator.

Dad jokes are supposed to be jokes you can tell a kid and they will understand it and find it funny.

This sub is mostly just NSFW puns now.

If it needs a NSFW tag it's not a dad joke. There should just be a NSFW puns subreddit for that.

Edit* I'm not replying any longer and turning off notifications but to all those that say "no one cares", there sure are a lot of you arguing about it. Maybe I'm wrong but you people don't need to be rude about it. If you really don't care, don't comment.

What did 0 say to 8 ?

" Nice Belt "

So What did 3 say to 8 ?

" Hey, you two stop making out "

When I got home, they were still there.

I won't be doing that today!

[Removed]

Where ever you left it 🤷‍♀️🤭

This morning, my 4 year old daughter.

Daughter: I'm hungry

Me: nerves building, smile widening

Me: Hi hungry, I'm dad.

She had no idea what was going on but I finally did it.

Thank you all for listening.

You take away their little brooms

It was about a weak back.

Why

It’s pronounced “Noel.”

After all his first name is No-vac

What, then, is Chinese rap?

Edit:

Notable mentions from the comments:

• Spanish/Swedish/Swiss/Serbian hits

• French/Finnish art

• Country/Canadian rap

• Chinese/Country/Canadian rock

• Turkish/Tunisian/Taiwanese rap

There hasn't been a single post this year!

(Happy 2022 from New Zealand)

Nothing, it just waved

Or would that be too forward thinking?

There hasn't been a post all year!